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Population of Uganda. Uganda · Population

Uganda. Population

The most numerous (about 68% of the population) are the Bantu peoples, who speak Benue-Congolese languages ​​and inhabit the central and southern regions of Uganda: Ganda, Soga, Nyankole, Masaba (Gishu), Chiga (Kiga), Rwanda, Nyoro, Toro, Konzo, etc. In the north live Nilotic peoples (over 26.5%), speaking eastern Sudanese (Teso, Karamojong, Lango, Acholi, Alur, etc., included in the southern Luo group) and central Sudanese (Lugbara, Madi) languages. In cities U. There are a small number of Arabs living there. The official languages ​​are Swahili and English. Among believers, about 65% are Christians (Catholics and Protestants), some are Muslims, and the rest adhere to traditional beliefs.

Population U. is growing rapidly (6.4 million people in 1959, 12.6 million people in 1980). The average population density is 52.4 people per 1 km 2 (1982). The most populated central regions are the coast of Lake Victoria, the Elgon mountain range and the southwest of the country (the average density reaches 160-200 people per 1 km 2). The arid north and northeastern regions are poorly populated (less than 10 people per 1 km2). The economically active population is over 5.5 million people (of which about 7 are employed), in agriculture 4.5 million (1981). In 1985, the urban population was 14% (in 1970 - 8%), of which 1/2 lives in “Greater Kampala”; there were 32 cities (with a population of over 2 thousand people). The most significant cities: Kampala, Jinja, Mbale, Tororo, Gulu.






Encyclopedic reference book "Africa". - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief An. A. Gromyko. 1986-1987 .

See what "Uganda. Population" is in other dictionaries:

    State emblem and flag of Uganda. Uganda, Republic of Uganda. General information U. is a state in East Africa. Member of the Commonwealth (British). It borders on the north with Sudan, on the west with Zaire, on the south with Rwanda and... ... Encyclopedic reference book "Africa"

    Uganda- Republic of Uganda, state in Vot Africa. The name is based on the common language in the east. parts of Africa in the Swahili language and includes the prefix y, which is included in the designation of territories, and the name of one of the most numerous peoples of the country, Ganda, t ... Geographical encyclopedia

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Uganda's national parks are vast, well protected and diverse. But besides them, there is something to do here - relax on the shores of Lake Victoria, look at the waterfalls of the sources of the Nile and visit the colorful capital of Kampala. Photos, maps, tours and prices - all about Uganda.

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Honestly, in terms of brain-breaking, dramatic and bloodthirstiness, Ugandan myths can easily beat anyone. Where are the Greek gods with their sluggish, complicated adultery? Listen to the legend about the origin of the mythical Bachwezi people, whose descendants the current residents of Uganda consider themselves to be.

A long time ago, the throne of the Ugandan kingdom was seized by a usurper. And he had a beautiful daughter, of whom the father was very afraid. Or rather, not the daughter herself, but her future son, who will claim the throne. He even imprisoned his daughter in a tower, but it did not help: a beautiful young man entered there and lived with the princess for three months, as a result of which the latter gave birth to a boy. The evil usurper, in anger, gouged out one of his own daughter’s eyes and cut off one breast, which he threw into a cave along with the newborn. However, hoping that the heir would die of hunger, the scoundrel cruelly miscalculated: the baby survived because he was fed milk... yes, you thought correctly, he grew up safely, heaped on his grandfather and became the new king!

Cities and regions

Uganda is a state in East Africa that is part of the British Commonwealth. Uganda is bordered to the north by Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by Rwanda and Tanzania, and to the east by Kenya.

The capital and largest city is Kampala. Full list The country's cities can be found on the Uganda cities and resorts page. About the best time to come here and what to do locally, see the tours to Uganda page.

Time difference from Moscow

No

  • with Kaliningrad
  • with Samara
  • with Yekaterinburg
  • with Omsk
  • with Krasnoyarsk
  • with Irkutsk
  • with Yakutsk
  • with Vladivostok
  • from Severo-Kurilsk
  • with Kamchatka

How to get there

Central and only international Airport Uganda is located in a suburb of the capital city of Entebbe. It is located on the shores of Lake Victoria and almost on the equator.

The airport serves several international air carriers, so there are several flight options to get to Uganda:

  1. Regular Egypt Air flight on the route: Moscow - Cairo - Entebbe
    The flight departs from Domodedovo airport, transits to another plane in Cairo, and arrives in Entebbe.
    The journey takes about 11 hours, of which: Moscow - Cairo - about 4 hours, transit - 1 hour, Cairo - Entebbe - about 5 hours.
    The flight Moscow-Cairo-Entebbe is carried out on an Airbus 320 aircraft.
  2. Regular Turkish Airlines flight on the route Moscow - Istanbul - Entebbe.
    The flight departs from Sheremetyevo F airport (former terminal 2), transits to another plane at Istanbul airport, and arrives in Entebbe.
    The journey takes about 11 hours, of which (one of many options is indicated since the Moscow - Istanbul flight operates 4 times a day): Moscow - Istanbul - about 3 hours, transit - 4 hours, Istanbul - Entebbe - about 6 hours.
    The flight Moscow - Istanbul - Entebbe is carried out on an Airbus A320 aircraft.
  3. Regular Emirates flight on the route Moscow - Dubai - Entebbe.
    The flight departs from Domodedovo airport, transits to another plane at Dubai airport, and arrives in Entebbe.
    The flight Moscow - Dubai - Entebbe is carried out on an Airbus A320 aircraft.
  4. On a regular KLM flight on the route Moscow - Amsterdam - Entebbe.
    The flight departs from Domodedovo airport, transits to another plane at Amsterdam airport, and arrives in Entebbe.
    The flight Moscow - Amsterdam is operated on a Boeing 737-700 aircraft.
    The flight Amsterdam - Entebbe is operated on an Airbus A320-200 aircraft.
    The journey takes about 14 hours, of which: Moscow - Amsterdam - 3 and a half hours, transit - about 4 hours, Amsterdam - Entebbe - about 7 hours.
  5. It is possible to get there by other routes, for example, first to Nairobi, then by domestic airlines to Entebbe.

Search for flights to Uganda

Visa to Uganda

For Russian citizens, a visa is required to travel to Uganda, which can be issued online. In addition, it is worth purchasing travel medical insurance in advance, without which it is simply unreasonable to travel around Africa.

Customs

Duty-free import of two hundred cigarettes and one liter of spirits is allowed into the country. The import of fruits, seedlings and seeds, drugs, explosives, and firearms is prohibited. The export of gold and diamonds, ivory and animal skins is prohibited without a special license from the customs authorities.

The import of foreign currency is not limited. Export national currency prohibited (at least formally: tourists still usually steal several banknotes as souvenirs).

Phone numbers

For calls to Uganda from Russia, a standard set of characters is used: intercity access 8, international access 10, then country code 256 is added, then the city code:

  • Kampala - 41
  • Jinja - 43
  • Mbale - 45
  • Fort Portal - 483
  • Masindi - 465
  • Masaka - 481.

Transport

The transport system in Uganda is not particularly developed, but at the same time, the main roads passing through the country are of good quality. The cities are connected by regular transport services, mainly by minibuses with a capacity of 8-10 people or small buses (20-30 passengers). A taxi-bus (like our Gazelle) is called “Matata”. Dirty inside and not always a positive scent. Each “matata” has a conductor, who is also a barker and “manager” of trips.

Exists interesting view transport characteristic of Ugandan cities - “bodaboda”. “Bodaboda” is a motorcycle with a seat instead of a rear trunk. A “bodaboda driver” will take the passenger wherever he wants for a small fee, and the distances practically do not matter. “Bodaboda” can be found day and night, in the city and outside the city, in the fields and in the mountains. Auto taxis are twice as expensive as bodabodas.

“Bodaboda” comes from the English border - “border”, pronounced in the local version as “boda”. In earlier times, the population often “wandered” across the border to neighboring countries for all sorts of things, including bruliks. These trips were most quickly carried out on small, light motorcycles, mostly Japanese 125 cm3, and they traveled back and forth across the border, that is, two borders - “boda-boda”. Subsequently, the spelling was simplified to “bodaboda”. Transport is very fast, traffic jams, which are no less in large cities of Uganda than in Moscow, pass very quickly, but there are quite a lot of falls and injuries, especially among female passengers, as they sit sideways and during any maneuvers very easily fall on their backs .

Maps of Uganda

Car rental in Uganda

Car rental in Uganda, as well as throughout the world, is carried out by specialized companies, the so-called “rent-a-car”. The average cost of a middle-class passenger car varies from 50 USD to 75 USD, the average cost of an SUV from 100 USD to 150 USD, you can rent a minibus for 180 USD - 250 USD.

It is necessary to take into account that traffic in Uganda is on the left, and all cars are right-hand drive. Therefore, for those who are “not confident in their abilities” on the “return” road, advice: take a car with a driver. The driver can act as a translator and guide.

Tourist safety

Uganda is safe for tourists. A distinctive feature of Ugandan cities is the absence of pestering sellers of souvenirs and unnecessary small items. You can safely stroll through both national parks and cities. Still, you need to be careful outside the cities, since animals (elephants, lions, hippos and others) are free in their movements.

Before traveling, it is worth getting vaccinated against yellow fever, which ensures the safety of tourists around the world in countries with tropical climates. It would also be a good idea to prevent malaria.

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Language

In Uganda, in the kingdom of Buganda, led by its king Kabaka, there are the Baganda people, who speak the Luganda language. A peculiarity of the Luganda language is that any changes are made by changing the front part of the word, and not at the end. For example, in the singular the word begins with “mu”, and in the plural it begins with “ba”: munafu - slacker, banafu - slackers.

Climate of Uganda

Uganda has a very pleasant mild climate, typical of countries located on the equator. Its geographical location provides a large amount of sunlight. The average temperature all year round is from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius.

The so-called “rainy period” is April and October, and the rains are local in nature, that is, it rains heavily in places, but not for long.

The abundance of fresh water has determined the presence in the country large quantity forests and flowering fields.

See also the current weather forecast for the main resorts and cities of Uganda for the coming days.

Uganda hotels

There are good hotels in the country, mainly located in Kampala. In National Parks, the hotel base is represented by lodges and campsites, where lodges can be equated to 5* and 4* hotels, and campsites - to 3* hotels (at the same time, there are campsites that do not fit the “star classification”, and many, coming to Uganda, they themselves are looking for such an inexpensive accommodation option).

Banks and exchange offices

The country's currency is the Ugandan shilling (UGX), 1 shilling is divided into 100 cents. Current rate: 100 UGX = 1.7 RUB (1 USD = 3690.81 UGX, 1 EUR = 4142.49 UGX).

The main bank in Uganda is the Bank of Uganda. But in terms of the number of offices working with clients and exchange offices, Barclays Bank is the leader. Exchange offices can be found in any city.

There is a “bad tradition”: Undervaluation of the exchange rate of US dollars if they were issued before 2001.

Shopping and shops in Uganda

The towns and villages of Uganda are like big shops, and in general it seems that everyone is going somewhere to sell or buy something. This misconception is created because corporations and trading companies pay local residents to use their homes as advertising sites. The houses of local residents along the route are completely painted in the corporate colors of the sponsors, so often a blank wall of a house is an advertising poster.

In cities there are large shops and supermarkets with a wide range of products and consumer goods. You can also find minimarkets. There are markets and shopping malls everywhere where you can buy various fruits and vegetables. Lots of butcher shops and bread booths. It’s the butcher shops where meat is simply laid out on counters or hung on hooks that creates a strange impression. At the same time, the meat does not spoil; the reason for the “phenomenon” is not yet clear.

A fun event is buying sparkling water like Coca-Cola: when buying a drink, you are “obliged” to return the bottle exactly where you bought it, and, in order not to force Tourists to return, the store “assigns” a boy to him, who will unobtrusively follow him until he finishes his drink and returns the bottle.

Cuisine and restaurants

The cuisine is not the most sophisticated. Restaurants have a standard set of dishes that can be found all over the world. At the same time, an extremely common food product is potatoes, which locals call “Irish pottatos”. Eating freshwater fish, which is caught in local lakes, is also common. They eat poultry and meat. But the most important product in Uganda is Matoki.

Matoki is a type of banana that does not have a sweet taste and is consumed by local people in different variations. In chopped form, matoki replaces potatoes, in ground and boiled form - mashed potatoes, in baked form - chips, and so on.

Entertainment and attractions in Uganda

The main attraction of Uganda is its national parks. One of them, namely Queen Elizabeth National Park, is the world's first natural national park. One of the outstanding attractions is Bwindy Forest, home to mountain gorillas. Murchison Falls, the largest waterfall on the Nile, attracts many tourists from all over the world with its beauty and amazing power.

National park tours are led by local rangers. In some places, tourists are also accompanied by armed guards.

In large populated areas there are bars and discos. Prices in bars are not high, the local crowd is not aggressive. At discos, you can mainly hear local modern music and have a lot of fun without spending much money.


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Africa Tur → Reference materials → KENYA-UGANDA → Population of Uganda

Population of Uganda

The population of Uganda, according to 1957 data, is about 5600 thousand people, of which more than 5500 thousand are Africans, 50 thousand Indians, 8 thousand Europeans.

Most of Uganda's African population speaks Bantu languages. The most widespread language is Luganda, which is spoken not only by the Baganda, the largest nationality of the protectorate, but also by the population of the entire central part of the country. It is used for teaching in schools, and most local newspapers are published there.

The total number of Baganda living in Buganda province (north of Lake Victoria) is about 1 million people. The second largest ethnic group is the Basoga, about 500 thousand people, occupying the area south of the lake. Kyoga in the Eastern Province. The Bantu group also includes the peoples living near Mount Elgon - the Bageshu and Bakiga, whose total number is over 500 thousand people.

The Western province is inhabited by Banyankole (about 400 thousand people), Batoro and Banyoro, together with Banyanke they form a group close in language and culture (about 600 thousand people).

In addition, in Uganda there are small tribes belonging to the Bantu group, preserving their languages ​​and dialects - Bakonjo, Bwamba, etc. The Bantu languages ​​are extremely close to each other. There are many similarities in the culture of these nationalities.

A completely special group in terms of language and culture are the peoples who speak Nilotic languages.

Nilotes make up about a third of Uganda's population. They live mainly in the Northern Province. The largest nationality - Teso (over 460 thousand people) occupies the territory located north of the lake. Kyoga. Further to the northeast live the Karamojo, whose language is similar to the Teso (108 thousand people).

To the west of the Teso live the Lango, Acholi and Alur. There are over 350 thousand of them. In the north-west of the Northern Province, near the border with the Belgian Congo, there are small tribes of Nilotes - Bari, Latuko, Kakwa.

Thanks to development economic ties between individual regions of Uganda, the former disunity of nationalities and tribes is decreasing and there is an increasing convergence of languages ​​and dialects among the Africans of the protectorate.

Africans, Indians and Europeans are three population groups unequal in size and social status. There are very few Europeans in Uganda. Most of them were colonial officials, entrepreneurs, exporters, plantation owners, and missionaries. They live in neighborhoods sharply separated from the rest of the population. Eight thousand Europeans actually run the country. European immigrants settling in Kenya displaced the indigenous population from the best lands. In Uganda, land has remained largely with Africans, who are now producers of export crops. But the export of cotton, coffee, tea and other raw materials belongs entirely to English export companies, which make huge profits. The purchase and primary processing of agricultural raw materials is mainly in the hands of Indian entrepreneurs. The local bourgeoisie is not yet strong enough.

Africans, who make up more than 5.5 million people, are subject to racial discrimination and segregation, but not as severely as in Kenya, where the number of Europeans is much larger not only in cities but also in rural areas. In Uganda there are no special villages for blacks (locations) or reservations, as in the Union of South Africa, Rhodesia or Kenya, but the color barrier still exists. In Uganda there are no "Whites Only" signs that are so conspicuous in the Union of South Africa, but a European will not board a third class carriage reserved for the indigenous population. Africans may attend official receptions, may be members of scientific societies and commercial associations, but a European will not invite them to his home.

Racial discrimination is especially evident in pay. African workers, clerks, teachers, doctors, etc., receive significantly less pay than Europeans.

The proletariat is growing in Uganda. The number of European workers is insignificant compared to African workers, of whom there are about 200 thousand people in the country. Among them there are many skilled workers who are constantly employed. The technical staff of the enterprises is also mostly composed of Africans who graduated from technical schools. But they are all subject to discrimination. Few better position local intelligentsia. In Uganda there is a university college in Makerere, near Kampala. It has over 600 students, of which about 200 are from Uganda (the rest are from Kenya, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar). The college, which has six faculties, has an art school and an institute of public education. Doctors, teachers, agronomists, lawyers, technicians - all of them in their country are placed in conditions unequal to those for Europeans.

There are few cities in Uganda. Almost the entire population of the country lives in villages. In Uganda there are no villages in our sense of the word, no large rural towns. The dwelling of a peasant farmer is a picturesque farmstead, usually on the top of a hill. The farmland runs down the slopes, around the huts there are thickets of bananas, and below there is a cotton field that reaches almost to the swampy lowlands.

The huts are circular in shape. The frame of poles is installed vertically in a circle. They are intertwined with papyrus stems, which are abundant along the shores of lakes. The roof is made of thinner poles. It is covered with banana leaves. The middle of the roof is covered with a cap-shaped, tightly woven tire, protecting the building from rainfall. The roof is installed so that its edges in the form of a canopy descend over the hut. Sometimes this canopy is so wide that it forms a covered gallery. The hut is woven so firmly that it can stand without repair for several years.

Everything in the huts is very simple and elegant in its own way. Low benches decorated with carvings, patterned reed mats on the earthen floor, wooden and pottery dishes hung in thin nets. Particularly beautiful are baskets woven from vines for fruit, grain or fish and very tightly woven vessels for water.

Early in the morning, before the sun rose high, women with hoes in their hands go to their plots, and men and teenagers go to the cotton field. Silence reigns in the village, only from afar can be heard the whistle of a shepherd's whip, driving his flock away from the crops, and the ringing crow of a rooster in an empty estate. By midday everyone returns to their huts and the women light the fires. The family gathers under a wide canopy for lunch. At three or four o'clock, when the midday heat subsides, everyone goes to the fields again and works until darkness sets in, which occurs almost suddenly in the tropics.

In their free time from agricultural work, a peasant family gathers near the covered gallery of the hut. Here, on high vertical looms, mats are woven, carved wooden utensils are made, baskets are woven, and mbuga, a material made from ficus bast, is made. Peasants are not always able to buy imported fabrics and use mbugu. The mbugu cloak is still the common clothing of farmers in the remote corners of Uganda. Men put on a cloak, tying a knot on the left shoulder, women leave their shoulders open so that both hands are free. Raincoats are very soft and feel like suede, but at the same time they are dense and almost waterproof, which is so important during the tropical rainy season.

Despite the hard life and colonial oppression, the people of the country retained a cheerful, cheerful character.

After the harvest, the holidays begin. Music and dancing are an integral part of people's life. There is no village in Uganda that does not have its own small orchestra; sometimes these are just drums of different types - from small hand-held, round or elongated ones, suspended on a belt, to large barrel-shaped ones, with a piercing beat. Five, six, ten drummers arrange themselves in a circle, and the dancing begins, continuing until late at night. And sometimes it is an orchestra consisting of a xylophone, flutes and string instruments.

Old songs are performed mainly by professional musicians and singers; many of the songs are popular and are known to all young people. Usually the songs are accompanied by dancing to rhythmic drum beats.

The songs are varied, usually impromptu songs composed on the spot for some occasion. They also sing songs based on fairy-tale plots that are well known to everyone. There are songs of praise to the host or guest, play songs, and children's counting songs.

On the harvest festival, the biggest holiday in the village, the entire population of the area gathers near one of the huts. They carry banana beer in large clay jugs, carry a huge basket with bunches of bananas on a wooden pole, baskets with a variety of vegetables and tropical fruits, carry fried and dried fish and meat. Adults sit on a hillock, while teenagers and children stand around and wait for them to get a festive treat.

Weddings are also celebrated cheerfully in the villages of Uganda. Although church weddings and monogamy have taken root here, wedding customs have changed little. Weddings are often celebrated at the maternal uncle's house. This ancient custom has been preserved to this day. The maternal uncle, namely the mother's elder brother, has great authority. Children should show respect to him as their own father, and he provides protection to his nephews.

On the wedding day, a large procession heads to the uncle's hut. Ahead, a noisy, cheerful crowd of young people carries the bride's dowry. Then the musicians and guests come with gifts and refreshments. They come, invited and uninvited, because the custom of hospitality requires that everyone who comes be treated.

At the entrance to the hut, a comic struggle takes place: the groom's relatives must take the bride away from her mother's relatives.

Not only wedding customs, but also many beliefs are closely related to the clan system. Tribal cults, the cult of ancestors, patrons of the clan, beliefs associated with the veneration of fire and the hearth - all this is still preserved in the remote corners of Uganda. Even in Kampala itself big city In Uganda, in front of the entrance to the tavern palace, a large European-style building, an unquenchable sacred fire burns.

The small farmsteads of farmers outwardly differ from the villages lost in the vast steppes - the kraals of cattle breeders.

The herders' kraal is not only a dwelling, but also a pen for livestock and a yard; this is a village with many courtyards, passages and alleys, a village, often larger than a village, a farmstead of farmers in southern Uganda. The kraal, usually consisting of several round huts, is surrounded by a dense wicker fence with many gates. This is a kind of fortress in the steppe. To this day, the custom of going to pastures with a spear in hand has been preserved among cattle breeders, although raids to steal livestock have long ceased. Cattle breeding is done by men. They not only graze livestock, driving them to new pastures or to springs and lakes, but also milk cows and care for young animals. Women only prepare the oil and gyo, drying it on the roofs or in special sheds. Milk is stored in wax vessels with a cone-shaped carved lid. Such a vessel is suspended in a thin mesh woven from pineapple fibers.

Among the herders, many old customs are preserved. Thus, there are sacred herds that are held in high esteem. In such a herd. the best cattle are selected.

Cattle breeders still have a ban on eating plant foods at the same time as dairy foods, since, according to local beliefs, violating this ban can lead to the death of livestock. This custom testifies to the isolation that existed between the pastoral and agricultural way of life. Now this line is gradually disappearing and more and more of the country’s population is starting to engage in farming. The country's main crop, cotton, is moving from the southern agricultural regions to the north, into the former cattle-breeding regions. And now you can often see how the kraals of pastoralists are interspersed with agricultural villages.

Previously, as a rule, the cities of Uganda were not industrial, but commercial and administrative centers. Currently, Jinja is becoming the first major industrial center in Uganda. Nearby, hydroelectric power stations are being built, a copper smelter and the first textile factory in Uganda are being built. The city of Jinja is located on the very shore of the lake. Victoria, near Ripon Falls. The name “Jinja” itself means lusoga in the local language - stones, rapids. Just recently it was a small village. In 1948, there were already 8 thousand inhabitants in Jinja, and now there are over 20 thousand. It is assumed that in the coming decades the city’s population will reach 100 thousand.

The majority of the city's population is immigrant: every 9 out of 10 people were not born in Jinja. Almost all the nationalities and tribes of the protectorate are represented here. People come here to earn money for a year or two, leaving their family in the village and settling in the city. The bulk of the population are factory workers, loaders, drivers, artisans, European servants, traders and clerks, fishermen and farmers.

Jinja is a railway junction and port on the lake. Victoria. The city is located at the intersection of the Uganda Railway, running from the shores of the Indian Ocean through Kenya, Uganda to the borders with the Congo. From Jinja, the Busoga railway line runs north to the cotton areas. Currently, Jinja is the main transit center for all of Uganda. Around the city there are plantations of cotton, tea and sugar cane.

Jinja has sugar mills and almost all the cotton gins in the protectorate. The city is divided into quarters of European, Asian and African populations. The first contains all the government buildings, commercial establishments, buying centers, cotton gins and European homes. In the Indian quarter there are magnificent villas of wealthy buyers and owners of plantations and industrial enterprises. And away from the rich neighborhoods are the houses of the indigenous population of Jinja. They stand among banana groves and are surrounded by small fields. Here life goes on as in any African village. And new enterprises are already being built nearby and the outskirts of the city are surrounded by new industrial districts.

The second most economically important city in Uganda is Kampala. Its population is 30 thousand people, and with its suburbs 70 thousand. The city is located on seven hills in a very picturesque area near the lake. Kampala is the political and cultural center of the country. The Uganda National Congress meets here and Makerere University College is located here. In the center of the city is the palace of the ruler of Buganda and the parliament building. In Kampala there are various Christian missions and schools, newspapers and magazines are published, there are clubs, a stadium, a museum, a theater and various scientific institutions.

Kampala is not only cultural, but also commercial center countries with offices of joint-stock companies, buying points, shops, hotels and garages. Several roads converge here, along which exported raw materials are transported for shipment via the Uganda Railway to the port of Mombasa. A motley crowd of Africans and Europeans, Indians and Arabs fills the streets of Kampala. Clerks of numerous trading offices and banks, drivers and loaders, African students in national robes and caps, women in bright clothes, and nearby the gloomy medieval figures of missionary monks and nuns with white wide veils on their heads and immediately dressed in white cloaks Arab merchants - such is the motley, multilingual, multinational crowd in Kampala. This is a city with rich European neighborhoods and poorer suburbs, where the African population lives in overcrowding and poverty.

The third largest city in terms of population (8 thousand people), Entebbe is the administrative center of the protectorate. This is a European-style city with an abundance of gardens and squares, with a large botanical garden, located near the lake. Victoria, 20 km from Kampala. Entebbe houses the buildings of ministries and departments and the residence of the governor. The city is populated largely by Europeans, mostly colonial officials. Entebbe has a major airport from which planes fly to Sudan and Congo, Rhodesia and Kenya.

Less significant administrative centers of the protectorate are Gulu, Masaka, etc.

(Republic of Uganda)

Geographical position. Uganda is a country in East Africa. It borders on Sudan in the north, Kenya in the east, Tanzania and Rwanda in the south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the west.

Square. The territory of Uganda occupies 241,139 square meters. km.

Main cities Administrative division. The capital of Uganda is Kampala. Largest cities: Kampala (773 thousand people), Jinja (61 thousand people), Mbale (54 thousand people), Gulu (43 thousand people), Entebe (42 thousand people), Soroti (41 thousand . people), Mbarara (40 thousand people). Administrative division of the country: 38 districts.

Political system

A military regime has been established in Uganda. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The temporary legislative body is the National Council of Resistance. The country is part of the Commonwealth.

In 1971, dictator Idi Amin came to power, whose rule was the bloodiest in the country's history. During the 8 years of the dictator's rule, about 300 thousand people were killed, many were expelled from the country.

On April 11, 1979, with the help of the Tanzanian army, Amin's regime was overthrown. However, in 1985, a military regime was established in the country as a result of a coup.

Relief. Uganda is located within the East African Plateau. The relief is dominated by elevated plains with an altitude of 1,100-1,500 m. In the west there is the Rwenzori mountain range (altitude up to 5,109 m).

Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains reserves of copper, cobalt, tungsten, and apatite.

Climate. Despite the fact that the country is located on the equator, Uganda's climate is mild due to its relatively high altitude. The average annual temperature, depending on the region, ranges from +16°C to 29°C. The region of Lake Victoria receives the most precipitation - about 1,520 mm per year.

Inland waters. Uganda contains Lakes George and Kyoga, as well as parts of Lake Victoria, Albert and Edward. The country's main river, the Nile, flows from Lake Victoria to the Sudanese border. The country's territory has a varied topography: from mountain plateaus to arid lowlands, from vast forests to swamps. In the southwest of the country there is the Rwenzori mountain range, where the highest point of the country, Mount Margherita (5,109 m), is located. Most of the southern region is covered with forests, while the north is dominated by savanna.

Soils and vegetation. Uganda is dominated by savannah vegetation; there are small arrays tropical forest and bamboo thickets.

Animal world. The fauna is represented by chimpanzees, several species of antelope (including hartebeest and eland), elephant, rhinoceros, lion, and leopard. The country is home to several picturesque national parks.

Population and language

The country's population is about 22.167 million people, the average population density is about 92 people per 1 sq. km. Ethnic groups: Ganda, Soga, Nyoro, Nkole, Toro (live in the south of the country) - about 70%, Akoli, Lango, Karamojong (live in the north of the country) - about 30%. Languages: English (state), Swahili, Luganda, some local dialects.

Religion

Catholics - 33%), Protestants - 33%, pagans - 18%, Muslims - 16%.

Brief historical sketch

On the territory of modern Uganda, before the arrival of Europeans, there were 4 states. In the 15th century The kingdom of Bunyoro arose, subjugating most of central Uganda. At the end of the 18th century. Three small kingdoms - Buganda, Anko-le and Toro - declared independence from Bunyoro, which, despite its power, did not completely dominate these states. The first Europeans in Uganda were British explorers John Hanning Speck and James Grant, who arrived there in 1862 in search of the sources of the Nile. The King of Buganda, Kabaka Mu-tesa I, welcomed the British and showed interest in the Christian religion. Soon Catholic and Protestant missionaries began working in Buganda.

By the end of the 19th century. the once isolated region became a British protectorate and was named Uganda, in which Buganda had a special status. In April 1962, a federal constitution was adopted, and in October of the same year, Uganda gained independence. In 1967, central power was consolidated by effectively abolishing the monarchy and destroying the petty kingdoms that made up Uganda.

Brief Economic Sketch

Uganda is an economically underdeveloped agricultural country. Main commercial crops: coffee, cotton, tea, tobacco; They grow millet, sorghum, corn, sweet potatoes, cassava, and yams. Extensive livestock farming. Lake fishing. Logging. Extraction of copper and tungsten ores, apatites. Processing of agricultural raw materials. Textile, copper smelting, cement and other enterprises. Export: agricultural products.

The currency is the Ugandan shilling.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. Kampala. Rubaga Cathedral, on Kasaubi Hill, the tomb of the “kabaka” - the kings of Buganda; Kampala Museum with a collection of artifacts from the fields of archaeology, ethnography, music and science. Enteba. Geological and Zoological Museums; botanical sshGinge. The ancient capital of the Busoga-Bugembe kingdom.

Uganda is located on the continent of Africa and the occupied territory of Uganda is 236,040. The population of Uganda is 33,796,000 people. The capital of Uganda is located in the city of Kampala. Form government system Uganda - Republic. English is spoken in Uganda. Who does Uganda border with: Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda.
Kampala city - bustling, modern locality, which, after many years of civil wars and dictatorship, managed to restore its reputation as a prosperous capital of a rapidly developing country. There are even fine restaurants, nightclubs and casinos here, which is not so common in equatorial Africa.
They say that the city was built on seven hills, but the central part is located on only one of them, called Nakasero. Here are the most beautiful buildings of the capital (among them the Parliament), many offices, shopping centers, restaurants, casinos and hotels of varying degrees of stardom. The architecture of the capital, which was founded on the banks of Victoria in the nineteenth century, shows influences from various cultural traditions: Christian cathedrals, slender minarets of mosques, Indian temples, typical European buildings. The main local attraction is the Kampala Museum with a rich exhibition of objects from the fields of science, ethnography and archaeology, but the most unusual feature of the museum is its collection of musical instruments, which everyone is allowed to play. In addition, the Rubaga Cathedral is of interest, and on the Kasaubi hills are the tombs of the “kabaka” - the rulers of Buganda, created in 1881 - these are giant traditional structures made of reeds, bark and fabric - a sacred place for all local residents.
The city of Jinja is located sixty kilometers northeast of the country's capital. It stands at the confluence of Lake Victoria and the waters of the Nile and attracts with an abundance of ancient buildings in Asian style, which is quite unexpected for these places - this city was once one of the African centers of Hinduism. Not far from Jinja is Bugembe, the ancient capital of Busoga. Canoeing between the Victoria Islands and rafting on the white Nile water, coupled with a wonderful healthy climate, leaves tourists with an unforgettable experience.
Entebbe has extensive zoological and geological museums and a botanical garden, and the local airport became famous for the rescue of more than a hundred hostages from a plane hijacked by pro-Palestinian terrorists in a daring operation by Israeli commandos in 1976.
The picturesque Sese archipelago, consisting of eighty-four islands, is located off the coast of Victoria. The islands have escaped the ravages of Uganda's internal wars and remain largely unspoiled by human industrial and demographic influence. Locals(Basese) form a separate group with their own folklore, culture and language. Life on the islands revolves around growing coffee and fishing, and the best bananas, cassava and sweet potatoes in Uganda are harvested here. The islands of Home, Bubeque, Bukasa, Bufumira and Buggala are considered the main ones in the group. They are hilly and covered with dense forests with quite a large number of varieties of tree species. It is also home to a considerable number of different fauna, such as crocodiles, hippos, various monkeys and many birds, especially waterfowl. The coastal water here is cool, clean and perfect for fishing, swimming and other sports.
The picturesque Lake Albert, along which part of the border between Congo and Uganda passes, is very popular. Here, staying in the small village of Butiaba, you can buy freshly caught fish, as well as admire the magical views of Lake Albert and the Blue Mountains rising in the Congo.