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Where does the Gulf of Riga flow into? Riga Bay: description, location, resorts

Bounded by the northern coast of Latvia and the western coast of Estonia, the Gulf of Riga (or Gulf of Liflan / in Latvian: Rīgas jūras līcis, in Estonian: Liivi laht) is a bay of the Baltic Sea.

The Estonian islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa partially cut it off from the northern part of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the bay and the Baltic Sea is through the Irb Strait. The bay includes the small islands of Kihnu (area 16.4 sq. km) and Ruhnu Saar.

The Gulf of Riga is an example of a long, narrow arm with relatively parallel shores; it extends inland for approximately 800 km.

Gulf of Riga:

  • length from north to south - 145 km
  • width ranges from 72 km to 130 km
  • area approximately 18,000 sq. km
  • average depth 26 meters
  • maximum depth 67 meters
  • navigation from the Gulf of Riga is only possible through several straits
  • there are several ports on the shores of the bay; the largest is the port of Riga.
  • The Gulf of Riga, as a sub-basin of the Baltic, also includes the Gulf of Pärnu, the Irb Strait and the Vainameri Sea in the western Estonian archipelago.
  • famous cities around the bay - Riga, Pärnu, Jurmala, Kuressaare
  • the main rivers flowing into the bay are Daugava, Pärnu, Lielupe, Gauja, Salaca

Western Dvina (Daugava), a major river in Latvia. It begins its course in the Valdai Hills and flows 1020 km in a large arc to the south and southwest through Russia and Belarus before turning northwest, crossing Latvia and draining into the Gulf of Riga on the Baltic Sea. The Pärnu River flows from the north into the bay.

The flow of fresh water entering the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Riga accounts for 2% of its volume. The narrow connection with the North Sea means that a complete change of water in the Gulf of Riga occurs within approximately 30 years.

The special geography of the Gulf of Riga does not allow much water mixing; this leads to a higher degree of pollution than in the Baltic Sea as a whole.

The boundaries of the Gulf of Riga are defined by the International Hydrographic Organization as follows: a line from Cape Ovīšrags (Latvia), to the southern tip of the island of Saaremaa; from the island of Pammana Nina to Cape Emmaste, the southern tip of the island of Hiiumaa, and then up to Tahuna and Põisaspepe Nîm (Estonia).

The reservoir of the Gulf of Riga is subject to relatively large annual temperature fluctuations. The water, from late June to mid-August, near the coast is usually above 18°C. In very warm summers, the water temperature off the coast can reach 26-28°C and 22-23°C in the middle of the bay. In winter the bay freezes. But during very warm winters (for example, 1960/1961 and 1988/1989) only a narrow strip of ice formed in the northern part of the Gulf of Riga, between the Sõrva Peninsula and Pärnu Bay. Ice cover usually forms in mid-December. In severe winters, this process is delayed by about a month, and in warm winters it is delayed by a month.

The Bay of Pärnu is the north-eastern part of the Gulf of Riga. Pack ice, which is pushed ashore by strong western storms, sometimes even threatens resort buildings on the beaches of the city of Pärnu. The thickest ice in the coastal zone of Estonia reached 90 cm (it was recorded in the unusually cold winter of 1941-1942). During winter, most or all of the bay usually freezes over. This is due to the low salinity and the calming effect of the partially closed entrance to the bay. In winter, many people walk on ice. The ice usually melts between March and April. At the end of March 2013, when the ice began to melt, 200 people had to be rescued from the ice floes.

The largest sea level fluctuations along the Estonian coast were also observed in the Gulf of Riga. Strong and prolonged westerly winds raise water levels in the east, flooding pastures. In October 1967, the water level in Pärnu Bay rose 253 cm above its average level and caused widespread flooding in the city. In December 1959, the water level dropped to 120 cm below average; as a result, many small bays dried up, and the sea moved hundreds of meters away from the coast.

The currents depend on the direction and speed of the wind and are therefore very variable. Fast currents in the straits; with an average wind their speed is 20-25 cm/s, but with strong winds the flow can exceed a speed of 100 cm/s.

Straits are passages that allow water to be transferred between different parts of the sea. Largest quantity water flows through the Irbensky Strait, where water flow during strong winds can range from 200,000 to 300,000 m3/s, and can exceed 600,000 m3/s during strong storms.
One strong westerly storm can bring 7-10 km³ of water into the Gulf of Riga, which is approximately 2% of the bay's volume. The volume of water passing through the Suur Vein straits, between Muhu Island and the mainland, is 4-5 times less.

The waves in the Gulf of Riga are much smaller than in the open sea. Strong winds raise waves of 3-4 meters in the deepest part of the Gulf of Riga; Long-lasting storms can sometimes raise waves 5-6 meters high. The constant addition of fresh water by the rivers flowing into the bay keeps the water's salt content lower than that of the open sea; the concentration is 5-6 ‰ on average. During the spring flood of high water, the salt content in Pärnu Bay drops to 1 ‰ (and 4-5 ‰ at the mouth of the bay).

The Gulf of Riga is an important wintering area for migratory birds. The eastern and northern coastal waters of the bay are spawning grounds for fish (Baltic herring, for example).

The warm water of Pärnu Bay provides a long swimming period, starting in mid-June and lasting three months. Sandy beaches and pine forests make Pärnu an ideal holiday destination, known to the world seaside resort (founded 1938).

In addition there is a large sand beach west of the city, in Walgeranna; Järve beach on the island of Saaremaa and a long sandy beach 40 km away, between the villages of Kabli and Treimani.

The city of Jurmala, on the shores of the Gulf of Riga, is one of the most popular places in Estonia. This is a resort town with a 20-mile coastline, sandwiched between the Lielupe River and the bay. Some attractions in Jurmala include Dzintari Forest Park and National Park Kemeri.

A little history:
In August 1915, German and Russian navies fought a bitter battle in the Gulf of Riga; The Germans sought to seize control of the bay. The Russians placed mines along the entrance to the bay, but German minesweepers were able to identify and destroy the mines. However, Allied submarines forced the Germans to withdraw.
On September 1, 1917, just two weeks after the withdrawal of the Russian fleet from the Gulf of Riga, it was captured by the Germans.

is located east coast the middle part of the Baltic Sea and south of the islands of Moon and Ezel. It is adjoined from the north by the shores of the Estland province, from the east by the Livonia province, from the south and west by the Courland province to the entrance cape of Domesnes. Along the meridian, the bay stretches for 92 nautical miles (161 versts), and along the parallel of Cape Domesnes - 55 nautical miles (96 versts). In R. Bay there are 3 bays, in the northeast corner - Pernovskaya, in the northwest - Arensburgskaya, in the south - Rizhskaya. Of the islands in the R. Bay, it should be noted: Kyuno, Sorkholm, Maniyalaid, etc. at the entrance to Pernovskaya Bay; Abro - at the entrance to Arensburg and Runo, lying in the middle of the R. Bay. Oriental shore The bay runs from north to south and is accompanied by many small islands, treeless and low-lying. Further, the shore of the bay turns to the southwest and forms many bays, one of them - Vaist - is suitable for small ships. The eastern shore is made up of sedimentary rocks and conglomerates; many boulders are scattered along the shore and nearby in the waters of the bay. The Livlyandsky coast first has a direction to the southwest, and then turns to the west; it is winding, with many small bays dotted with underwater and surface rocks. The coastal strip is mostly swampy and low-lying, with rocky parts (sandstone) found in places. Further to the west there are dune formations covered with pine forest. The highest part of this coastal area lies between capes Pikleyninna and Sareninna, where, 2 versts from the coast, there are the so-called Pignorum Mountains, made up of sandy formations and covered with pine and spruce forests. These mountains, about 1/2 a verst wide, stretch parallel to the shore; highest point- 150 feet. There are many populated areas along the Livland coast. Beyond the Western Dvina River, the bank turns to the north and northwest and is mostly low-lying, small sand dunes covered with low pine forest. Starting from Cape Messaragotz, the coast, bending in an arc to the northwest, reaches Cape Domesnes. Further, the bay itself should be considered to end at Cape Domesnes, but the space of the sea up to Cape Luserort along the mainland coast, limited from the north by the Svorbe Peninsula (the southern tip of Ezel Island) is called the western entrance to the R. bay, which is why it is mentioned here. The general direction of the coast from Domesnes to Luzerort is west-southwest; Almost half the distance, at some distance from the coast, lies the heights of Blaubergen, 190 feet above the sea, but the general character of this coast is level, low-lying and sandy. The northern shores of the R. Gulf are formed by the islands of Ezel and Moon; the coast of the first goes from Cape Tserel (southern tip of Ezel) to the north; it is low-lying, swampy in places and overgrown with small forest. From Cape Liedi the coast turns east to Cape Vettel, forming the Arensburg Bay. From Cape Vettel to Cape Kibbosar the coast goes northeast. The entire coastline from Cape Liedi to Cape Kibbosar is low-lying, accompanied by a number of islands and reefs and made of sand and boulders. The southern coast of Moona Island is low-lying and rather winding.

Bottom relief R. Bay: in the north, the depths on the fairway are no more than 6-8 fathoms (6 feet), further south to the latitude of Cuno Island they increase to 8-17 fathoms. Pernovskaya Bay has a depth of about 10-16 feet. From the parallel of Cuno to the southern shore of the bay, the depths increase and in the middle of the bay (12.5 versts east of Runo Island) reach 29 fathoms. Along the eastern, southern and western shores of the bay, a line of 10 fathoms depth follows the outline of the coast and approaches it at 3-8 versts. Between Runo and Domesnes the depth is 26-11 fathoms, and north to Ezel it is from 15 to 20 fathoms. At the western entrance to the R. Bay between Domesnes and Tserel, the depth is 6-19 fathoms, and between Luzerort and Tserel does not exceed 12 fathoms. Bottom soil The bay north of Runo Island is silt and silt with sand, and from Runo Island to the western and southern shores there is sand, towards Ezel there is stone and sand.

Entrances in R. there are two bays from the Baltic Sea: the western one between Ezel and the mainland and the northern one between Moon and the mainland. Flow in the R. Gulf is irregular, it enters it from Moonsund from the north or from the west from the Baltic Sea. In the northern part of the bay it goes south and then slopes east between the island of Cuno and the mainland; its speed is 0.5-0.75 nautical miles per hour. With strong southwestern and western winds, the current, hitting the eastern shore of the bay, goes northwest past Cuno into the Moonsund Strait; its speed is 1-1.5 nautical miles per hour. Along the eastern shore, the current depends on the wind; in the Riga roadstead it goes to the northwest or east, depending on the wind. On the western shore, the current depends on the winds. At the western entrance to the bay it is irregular, depends on the wind and its speed is no more than 1-1 1/2 nautical miles per hour. Winds Mostly western ones dominate in the R. Gulf, especially in autumn, and create large waves. Fogs frequent, dense and long-lasting in spring. The bay is not freezes completely, off the coast in December it is covered for some distance with ice, which breaks up in early April. The middle of the bay freezes only in severe winters, and then only for a short time. The western entrance is ice-free an average of 325 days per year.

In R. Bay there are, in addition to signs and lights, 9 lighthouses. At R. Bay are located ports Riga, Pernov, Arensburg, etc.; The traffic of ships along it is enormous, since in addition to ships heading to the designated ports, the bay is crossed by ships going to Revel, St. Petersburg and other ports of the Gulf of Finland.

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"Gulf of Riga" in books

RIGA CENTRAL

From the book Gaven author Baranchenko Viktor Eremeevich

RIGA CENTRAL Riga Central was built on the eve of 1905 in anticipation of the approaching revolutionary storms. The cream of the crop came here from all over Russia - the most dangerous political "criminals", mostly sentenced to long-term and indefinite hard labor. Among

Forshmak "Rizhsky"

From the book Appetizing Sausages and Pates author Lukyanenko Inna Vladimirovna

Riga cocktail

From the book Home Winemaking author Kozhemyakin R. N.

Riga biscuit

From the book Cookbook of a Russian experienced housewife. Dough and cereal dishes author Avdeeva Ekaterina Alekseevna

94. "RIGA"

From the book 100 cake recipes author Team of authors

Riga Avenue

From the book Book of Changes. The fate of St. Petersburg toponymy in urban folklore. author Sindalovsky Naum Alexandrovich

Riga Avenue 1776. In August 1730 in Moscow, during preparations for the ceremony of accession to the throne of Empress Anna Ioannovna, a new regiment of loyal guards was formed under the command of two foreigners - Karl Levenwolde and Gustav Biron, the favorite

Riga radius

From the book Stalin's Metro. Historical guide author Zinoviev Alexander Nikolaevich

Riga radius On May 1, 1958, the Riga radius was opened, which during construction was called Shcherbakovsky in honor of the party leader of the Stalin era A.S. Shcherbakov. The radius leading to the All-Union Exhibition had 4 stations: Botanical Garden (with a change to Koltsevaya

"Riga ship"

From the book Sea Secrets of the Ancient Slavs author Dmitrenko Sergey Georgievich

"Riga ship" "This sailing ship- a high-sided 14.3-meter boat, reminiscent of Kurzeme and Saarema fishing boats of later times, was discovered in the summer of 1939 during excavations on the territory of Old Riga. Once upon a time, it was here, in the area of ​​the present

Riga Avenue

From the book Legendary Streets of St. Petersburg author Erofeev Alexey Dmitrievich

Rizhsky Avenue This avenue is located in the Admiralteysky district. It stretches from Lermontovsky Prospekt to the Ekateringofka River. At first, from 1776, it was Izmailovskaya Street, and it was longer than the current avenue, since it began at the Tsarskoye Selo road

Gulf of Riga

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary (R) author Brockhaus F.A.

Gulf of Riga Gulf of Riga – located to the east. the coast of the middle part of the Baltic Sea and to the south of the islands of Moona and Ezel. It is adjoined from the N shore of the Estlyandskaya province, from the E - Livlyandskaya province, from the S and W - Kurlandskaya province to the entrance cape Domesnes. Along the meridian, the bay extends for 92 nautical miles.

Bristol Bay (Atlantic Ocean bay)

TSB

Bristol Bay (Bering Sea)

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BR) by the author TSB

Gulf of Riga

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (RI) by the author TSB

27. Who should go to the Gulf of Riga

From the book Battleship "Andrew the First-Called" (1906-1925) author Melnikov Rafail Mikhailovich

27. Who should go to the Gulf of Riga? The late spring of 1917 delayed the start of navigation in Gulf of Finland(back in May there was finely broken ice near Revel) and complicated the sailors’ sobering up from the protracted revolutionary frenzy. The remaining traditional inertia of the service allowed

XII. Actions in the Vindava area. Entering the "Glory" into the Gulf of Riga. The enemy's first attempt to cross the Irben Strait. "Reveille" Strengthening the Irben position

From the book Fleet and War. Baltic Fleet in World War I author Count Harald Karlovich

XII. Actions in the Vindava area. Entering the "Glory" into the Gulf of Riga. The enemy's first attempt to cross the Irben Strait. "Reveille" Strengthening the Irben position In Revel, “Novik” stood until midnight on June 23 and early the next morning was already back in Kuyvasta. Then it dragged on

In front of you detailed map Gulf of Riga with names of cities and settlements in Russian. Move the map while holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or turning the mouse wheel.

In which country is the Gulf of Riga located?

The Gulf of Riga is located in Estonia. This is wonderful a nice place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Gulf of Riga: northern latitude and eastern longitude (show on large map).

Virtual walk

The “man” figurine above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of the Gulf of Riga.


By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Select the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen.

The “Satellite” option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode you will have the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with the roads of the Gulf of Riga and the main attractions.

The Gulf of Riga is easy to find on the map. He is like a big “blue pocket” in the green decoration of Latvia. The area of ​​the bay is quite large - 18,100 km². The maximum depth of the reservoir is 54 m. The average flow speed is 4.8 m/min. There are two outlets to the sea: one in the west between the island of Ezel and the mainland, the second in the north between Moon Island and the mainland.

The Gulf of Riga washes, besides Latvia, one more country. From the east it is fenced by the Estonian coast, and from the north it is separated from the sea by the islands of the Moonsund archipelago, which also belong to Estonia.


The coastline of the Gulf of Riga can be called smooth, not counting small capes and places where it is broken up by the mouths of several rivers. The beaches are wide and long, mainly consisting of white quartz sand. Sometimes there are rocky areas with accumulations of boulders. In the western part of the bay there is a dune strip on the coast. It starts very smoothly, with low undulating hills covered with thickets of reeds and willows. Then the dunes become higher and higher, reaching 10-12 m. Low-lying vegetation is replaced by coniferous forest. Blueberry bushes grow thickly between the tall pines. The aroma here is simply incredible - the fresh sea air is saturated with berry notes with a hint of tart pine.


The largest river flowing into the Gulf of Riga is the Western Dvina. In addition to it, many other rivers also flow here: Svetupe, Salaca, Age, Parnu, Roy, Shkede and others.

Sights on the Gulf of Riga

The Gulf of Riga itself is one of the most vibrant. Its shore brought together the most “star” cities in the country. The waters of this bay are washed by a cheerful party place, where thousands of tourists from all over the world gather all year round, where guests are warmly welcomed, and international festivals and concerts are held in the famous Dzintari concert hall.

You will take extraordinary photos against the backdrop of the Gulf of Riga at Engures Natural Park, near the city. An amazing composition of rare flora and fauna is presented here. You can watch flocks of beautiful birds living on the coast, visit a wild orchid park, Arboretum "Lachupite" and even see a “blue cow”, which has an unusual gray-blue skin tone.

Another famous one seaside park – Piejura. It occupies the entire coastal part of the Gulf of Riga, starting from Lielupe to. Many rare biotopes are collected here in reservoirs and on their banks, there is an unusual Pink Dune, overgrown with wild roses, and Valley of life- a small hollow where birches and other deciduous trees grow right in the middle of a continuous coniferous forest.


And, of course, one cannot fail to mention the Gulf of Riga. Just a 30-minute drive from the coast is where the great heritage of the mighty capital is presented - many ancient temples and cathedrals, museums, monumental monuments of history, culture and architecture.

Where and when is the best time to relax on the Gulf of Riga?

Fans of crowded beaches, where resort life is in full swing, go to Riga or Jurmala. Everyone will find something to their liking here. In addition to sunbathing and swimming in the sea, there is a lot of entertainment on the beaches of Riga and Jurmala:

  • riding scooters, inflatable boats, pedal boats;
  • sea ​​fishing;
  • water skiing;
  • beach volleyball/football/basketball;
  • wakeboarding;
  • water parks;
  • boat trips on various vessels;
  • kiteboarding.

The most famous capital beaches: Vetsaki, Daugavgriva And Vakarbulli. Each of them can be reached from the center of Riga in 30 minutes. Almost all capital beaches on the Gulf of Riga have blue flag. The basis for receiving such a distinction is compliance with four criteria. This is ecological purity, high level safety, water clarity and quality service.


In Jurmala coastline Gulf of Riga - 26 meters. The Maiori area has crowded beaches offering a wide range of services. A little further west, in Pumpuri, windsurfing and kiteboarding lovers like to relax. In Jaunkemeri you can enjoy the silence and relaxing holiday by the sea. There are also beaches, facilities for people with disabilities - Vaivari and Kauguri.


Looking at the map where the Gulf of Riga is located, one can assume that Jurmala and Riga are not the only cities washed by its waters. If you want to relax on larger, uncrowded beaches, you can go to Roja, Engures, Ragaciems, Tuja, or Skulte. These towns have many seaside hotels, guest houses and comfortable campsites.


The Baltic Sea is quite harsh. In the hottest summer season - from July to August, it warms up to a maximum of +20-22°C. The average air temperature in summer is +18°C. But, despite such a cool course, the beaches of the Gulf of Riga are always crowded during the season. The most persistent tourists swim in September, but the traditional time for a holiday on the Baltic Sea is July and August.

How to get there?

The bay, which will be discussed in this article, is located between two small states - Estonia and Latvia. It is located in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea.

Briefly about the Riga seaside

When talking about it, many first of all imagine the well-known Jurmala - a resort on the Gulf of Riga. However, not everyone knows that this coast is located only on the left side of the mouth where the capital of Latvia, Riga, is located.

There are also recreation areas on the right side of the coast, which are part of the Riga region and have the same magnificent beaches with golden sands, where you can have a great time summer rest. There is only one feature of this area - even at the height of the season it is much calmer here, which is also welcomed by many vacationers.

Riga Bay: location, description

One of the most popular tourist destinations is the Riga seaside.

On the northern side of the bay are the islands of the Moonsund archipelago, which belong to Estonia. Most of the shores of the reservoir are made of sand. The area of ​​the bay, which flows into land at a distance of almost 174 km, is 18.1 thousand square meters. km. It extends 137 kilometers in width. The maximum depth of the Gulf of Riga is relatively small and equal to 54 meters.

The islands of the bay are separated from the mainland by the Irbe Strait, located between the southern tip and Cape Kolkasrags, as well as the Väinameri (strait). Among them there are islands belonging to Estonia. These are Kihnu, Manilaid, Ruhnu and Abruka. For the most part, the coast of the bay consists of lowlands, and its bottom is mostly sandy.

Lielupe is a river in the Gulf of Riga. Pärnu, Salaca, Gauja and Age also flow into it.

The largest port of these places is Riga. It should also be noted that the western shore of the bay is called Livsky, and it is a protected area.

In the surrounding areas of the bay there are magnificent natural attractions: Pisyuras Park, the Vella Kalva boulder ridge, the Randu Plavas botanical reserve, a section of the rocky Vidzeme seaside, etc.

Flow pattern and temperature

In summer, the water temperature reaches 18 ° C, in winter it drops to 0-1 ° C. The bay is covered with ice in December and is covered with ice until the month of April. The water salinity reaches 6%.

The flow is of a rotational type, and its average speed is approximately 8 cm/sec.

Resorts and cities

Beautiful Latvian cities and resorts attract numerous holidaymakers. On the southwestern coast is the glorious city of Jurmala, on the northern coast is the magnificent Pärnu, and on the island of Saaremaa is the city of Kuressaare.

The Gulf of Riga has many settlements on its shores. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages.

One of the most beautiful resorts Not only the Riga seaside, but also Europe is Jurmala, located 14 kilometers from the capital of Latvia. This resort area stretches in a narrow strip along a long section (32 km) of the coast of the Gulf of Riga.

The most famous settlements are the following: Dzintari, Lielupe, Bulduri, Asari, Dubulti, Majori and Kemeri. Each of these villages is original and unique. Below is short description some of them.

1. Dzintari is famous for its famous concert hall, where New Wave music competitions, KVN festivals and concerts of world pop stars take place.

2. Lielupe is a large sports center with excellent tennis courts and a yacht club. The largest water park in Latvia is also located here.

3. Asari and Melluzi are mostly intended for a more relaxing holiday.

4. Majori is notable for its busy pedestrian street Jomas with numerous shops located on it.

6. A magnificent water attraction park can be visited in Vaivari.

Mangalsala Peninsula

The Gulf of Riga surrounds this extraordinary peninsula. This area is where the amazingly green pine forest gradually turns into soft golden beaches. The main man-made attraction of the peninsula is the Eastern Pier (Mangalsala Dam), built in 1861 during the reign of Alexander II.

Also here you can see with your own eyes the catacombs preserved from the period of the Russian-Swedish War. All this is protected by the Latvian state. Stunning picturesque sunsets also look great here. The Gulf of Riga is rich in natural wonders.

A little about the history of the formation of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf

The history of the formation of the youngest (in terms of geology) in Europe, the Baltic Sea, with which the Gulf of Riga is also connected, is quite interesting.

The Holocene is the time of formation of its current boundaries. Much earlier (the Pleistocene period), continental ice kept its waters in a confined space (the Baltic Trench). During the period of ice melting, the sea turned into a lake. Then, as it filled (10 thousand years ago), it again turned into a sea - the Yoldievoye (received its name from the mollusk Ioldia, which fell into it from the Atlantic), which connected with the North Sea. As a result of certain tectonic processes over the course of two thousand years, the central territory of present-day Sweden rose. Thus, the connection with the ocean was closed, and the slightly salted Ioldian Sea turned into the freshwater Lake Ancylus.

Due to the gradual warming of the climate, the isthmus in the place sank, and the so-called Littorina Sea (also from the mollusk Littorina litorea) reached the Atlantic Ocean. As a result, 4 thousand years ago it arose. The outlines of its shores, of course, changed over the course of 1.5 thousand years.

Since the level of the previous Littorina Sea was 6 meters higher than the mainland, the sea overflowed vast territories, forming bays, among which Rizhsky was the smallest.