Unusual lakes of the world. The most amazing lakes in the world

As you know, 71 percent of our Earth's surface is covered with water. From space, our beloved planet looks like a blue ball because bodies of water reflect the sun's rays in the blue spectrum.

Photos from NASA spacecraft show us a magnificent view of the marble-blue Earth from space. In our world, there are many beautiful rivers, lakes, impressive waterfalls, stunning glaciers and clear water bodies surrounded by snowy mountains. Fortunately, each of us can see all these magnificent creations of nature.

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10

Suez Canal, Egypt

160 kilometers long, 300 meters wide - this is the size of this artificial waterway that connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. The Suez Canal is considered the shortest route between Europe and Asia. This makes shipping and trading much easier, cutting down on complicated routes around Africa. Currently, the Suez Canal is one of the busiest waterways in the world, while there were far fewer accidents in comparison with other similar structures.

The construction of the Suez Canal took a total of 10 years. Starting in 1859, ships from all countries were already able to pass through the Suez Canal, carrying cargo along the Europe-Asia route. The Suez Canal's advanced radar control system monitors every ship passing through. In emergency situations, this system allows the rescue services to respond immediately, thereby reducing the risks to ships passing through the canal.

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9

Bora Bora, France

Bora Bora is one of the most beautiful places in the world for international tourism. This group of islands is a territorial part of France and is located in pacific ocean. Bora bora are white sandy beaches, blue lagoons and glamorous resorts, which are invariably popular with vacationers.

Currently, it is tourism that supports the entire economy of the island. Glazed comfortable villas turn this place into a tourist paradise. Snorkeling and diving in crystal clear water attract thousands of people who want to enjoy the beauty of the water element and relax on the sunny beaches of Bora Bora.

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8

Lake Baikal, Siberia

Lake Baikal is the oldest and most deep lake in the world. It is located in South-Eastern Siberia. The lake has a depth of 1700 m, and was formed 25 million years ago from a real prehistoric sea. 20 percent of the total volume of fresh water in the world is contained in Baikal. Around the lake there are picturesque nature reserves protected by the government. Clean and beautiful Baikal is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In the Baikal region, there are many cultural, archaeological and historical treasures. The surroundings of the lake are home to 1340 animal species. Many of them are unique and are found only in the Baikal region. Ancient mountains, mighty taiga and small islands make the Baikal region one of the most biologically diverse places in the world.

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7

Great Blue Hole, Belize

This is a large natural underwater sinkhole, located 70 kilometers above sea level, in the middle of a barrier reef in Belize. Its huge funnel is 120 meters deep and 300 meters in diameter. It was formed during the Ice Age, 150,000 years ago, before the glaciers were completely gone. The gradual melting of ice and rising sea levels just caused the formation of this miracle of nature.

The Great Blue Hole became a World Heritage Site in 1997. More than 500 rare forms of animals and plants live here. Every year, this natural sinkhole attracts many tourists from all over the world who come here, mainly for scuba diving.

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6

Venice is a group of 117 small islands separated by canals and connected by bridges. The canals divide the city into 117 small cozy islands. It is these waterways from time immemorial that have been used as the main transport network in Venice. The Grand Canal, the city's main waterway, is the largest canal in Venice, 3.8 km long and 60 to 90 meters wide.

The Grand Canal tour is the best way to explore Venice while gaining in-depth knowledge of the city's historical importance. For large tours of Venice, gondolas, traditional punts, and more modern motor boats are mainly used. You can take a closer look at the beauty of historical buildings, palaces, churches and see the famous century-old Rialto Bridge.

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5

Dead Sea, Jordan

The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world, located on the border of Israel and Jordan. The salinity of the Dead Sea ranges between 34-35 percent on average. This is almost ten times more than regular salted sea ​​water. The increased salt content in the water is the reason for the complete absence of aquatic flora and fauna, which is why this lake is called the "Dead Sea". The lake is located 423 meters below sea level, and is the lowest place on land.

Such a high concentration of salt allows tourists to effortlessly swim in the Dead Sea, almost without moving their limbs. This water benefits human health as it contains high amounts of beneficial minerals such as potassium, calcium, sulfur and bromine. The Dead Sea can cure various skin conditions and help you get rid of toxins. It is said that Dead Sea minerals were transported to Egypt in ancient times, where they were used to mummify Egyptian pharaohs.

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4

The Nile is the longest river in our world, with an approximate length of 6650 kilometers. It starts in Burundi and passes through Kenya, Eritra, Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, where it meets the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile played a very important role in the life of the ancient Egyptians.

The river was the main source of food, water and a waterway for transporting goods between countries. At the same time, when, as a result of seasonal rains, the Nile overflowed its banks, all the lands of Egypt were flooded with water for a long time. This helped the ancient Egyptians easily grow the seeds of cultivated plants.

All historical monuments of Egypt, including the pyramids, are located near the banks of the Nile. The Nile Delta covers an area up to 160 kilometers wide and as many as 40 million people live around using the waters of the sacred river.

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3

Niagara Falls, United States of America

Niagara Falls is on the border between Canada and the United States. Niagara is made up of three waterfalls, American Stream, Bridlevale and Horseshoe. These three waterfalls together create a flow of water of 85,000 feet per second. This is the highest flow of water in the world. "Horseshoe" is the largest of the three Niagara Falls and most of it, located closer to Canada. "American Stream" and "Bridalveil" are located in the United States.

Niagara was formed 10,000 years ago during the Wisconsin glaciation. The brilliant green color of the water of Niagara Falls is due to the mixing of salt and rocks with water at high speed. The whirlpool created Niagara Falls has an area of ​​1.2 kilometers. Its depth is the same as the height of Niagara, and is 52 meters. Water from Niagara flows into Lake Ontario in the Canadian province.

Amazing video of Niagara Falls:

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2

Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe

Victoria Falls is the most big waterfall in the world and is one of the seven natural wonders of the world. It is located on the Zambezi River between the states of Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Victoria Falls are over a mile wide and provide a fall of five hundred million cubic meters per minute. The water falls to a depth of 93 meters and is strongly sprayed, breaking on the rocks. Because of this water cloud, the Victoria Falls are visible at a distance of 50 kilometers to the naked eye.

Strong water spray causes constant rain in the forests surrounding the falls. Surprisingly, on the edge of the waterfall you can swim without much risk. Natural stone ledge will not let you fall down with the water. This pool is known as the Devil's Pool. During the full moon at Victoria Falls, one of the most magnificent natural phenomena, known as "Moon Rainbow". A beautiful rainbow is visible at this time above the waterfall, in the bright light of the moon refracted by water spray.

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1

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world and one of the seven natural wonders of the world. These are 900 islands connected together with a length of more than 2300 kilometers. The reef is large enough to be seen from space and is recognized as a national symbol of Australia. The Great Barrier Reef contains over 3,000 individual reefs built by microorganisms over millions of years. It was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1981.

The Great Barrier Reef gives life to a huge variety of marine life. About 1,500 species of fish, 3,000 species of molluscs, 500 species of worms, 133 species of sharks and rays, and 30 species of whales and dolphins live there. The tourism industry is very developed here. Glass-bottom boat tours, exciting snorkeling and kayaking are very popular with vacationers. The Great Barrier Reef attracts about 2 million visitors each year.

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Conclusion

The vast majority of lakes are not only sources of fresh water, but also interesting places visits for tourists and travelers. Let's present here nine of the most original lakes in the world, and tell you exactly why they are amazing and why they are worth visiting.

(10 photos of amazing lakes)

There are no lakes in the world deeper than Baikal! It is located in the Russian Federation in the south of Eastern Siberia. Resembling with its outlines the emerging new moon, the lake stretches, if you look at the map, from the northeast to the southwest. Its greatest depth is 1642 meters.
There is no purer water in the world than in Baikal! It is a huge natural reservoir for storing 20 percent of the world's and 90 percent of Russia's fresh water reserves. 336 rivers and streams carry their waters to Baikal, and the Selenga River brings half of all the water entering the lake into the lake. And the Angara is the only river flowing from Baikal. The water from the lake is amazing and unique. It is absolutely transparent, pure and rich in oxygen. There are even seals in it. Baikal water was considered healing, and various diseases were treated with it.

There are no mountain lakes in terms of fresh water reserves in the world more than Titicaca! It is located on the border of the South American countries of Bolivia and Peru.
From the plane, the lake looks like a sea, and from the shore, it partially resembles a vast swampy swamp overgrown with reeds, which the locals adapted for building their dwellings and habitats, making clothes, hats, bags and other things. Local legend says that in ancient times, the Aymara Indians, swimming across the Titicaca in their pirogues, ended up in the territory of the Incas. These peoples did not manage to get along, but the proud Aymara did not even think of returning back - they decided to stay and live here, swimming on the lake. Since then, they have been living on reed islands-rafts.

Cheongji is unique in its volcanic origin. This is the highest crater lake. It is located on the border of China and North Korea at an altitude of 2189 meters, so it is called the "Heavenly Lake".
Cheongji is surrounded by mountains with winding paths, which can be traveled even on horseback. There are a number of North Korean legends about the lake here. Hwanung once descended from heaven to its shores, whose son became the founder of the Korean state of Kojoson. The second most popular myth is the legend of Kim Jong Il: lakeside residents quite seriously assure visitors that the son of Kim Il Sung, the founder of the DPRK, was born on the shores of this lake.

Crater, like our Baikal, is one of the most transparent lakes in the world. It is located in the USA.
You can get there by sightseeing bus departing from Ashland, or by private car. Distance to Crater - 53 kilometers It is advisable to keep in mind that the road around the lake opens at the end of spring and closes for the winter in October. Riding along it is a real pleasure from the amazing lake landscape that opens up. The Klamath Indians consider it sacred. Until the middle of the 19th century, they kept Crater's location secret, keeping white explorers out of it. It wasn't until 1853 that John Wesley Hillman became the first white man to visit the lake. He gave it the name "Deep Blue Lake". US President Theodore Roosevelt declared the area surrounding Crater a national park in 1902. The main sights of the lake are a small volcanic island called “Koldovskaya”, and “Lake Old Man” - a nine-meter log floating upright in the water for over a hundred years.

Nakuru is a lake located 140 kilometers from Nairobi, the capital of Kenya (Africa).
It is densely populated with small flamingos. Dozens, if not hundreds of thousands of birds, taking off and landing, form a continuous pink blanket of various shades. Flamingos are not alone on Nakuru. In addition to them, many ducks, cormorants, pelicans, herons, black terns live here - about four hundred species of birds in total. The lake is surrounded by the national park. On the way to the water, a tourist can meet zebras, hippos, giraffes, antelopes, lions, leopards and cheetahs.

A unique lake consisting of countless small lakes. Kliluk is located in Canada (North America).
In summer, almost all the water in it evaporates, and sedimentary minerals harden and create “paths” between 365 irregularly shaped honeycomb lakes, thanks to which the lake got the name “Spotted Lake”. It is also unique that there are no traces of human activity nearby - not a single souvenir shop, not to mention hotels. For twenty years, local residents have been protecting Kliluk and its environs from the encroachments of businessmen, keeping them in their original form, and not in vain. They completely bought the territory and made it a protected area in 2001.

Jiuzhaigou - non-freezing "Lake of Five Flowers" in China (Asia).
It would seem that this is surprising? The surface of the lake is ice-free all year round, although there is not a single thermal spring. The bottom of the reservoir is covered with driftwood, and in general, the water in the lake should be cloudy, but again, for an unknown reason, it remains transparent and clean. Every day, hundreds of tourist buses carry travelers along the route along intricately curved lakes and rumbling waterfalls surrounded by thickets of bamboo.

Peach Lake is an ordinary polluted lake. It is located in the Caribbean. States − Trinidad and Tobago.
The uniqueness is that the water in the lake is saturated with liquid natural asphalt. It is estimated that there are about six million tons of it here, which will last another four hundred years. By the way, the liquid composition of Peach Lake is not only thick smoking asphalt. There are many places in it and ... to swim. Therefore, almost 20,000 people come here every year. There is also a camp site on the shore.

Located in Australia, the Rechers archipelago. This is a unique pink pond, the likes of which are not found anywhere else in the world.
Can you imagine the water is pink? Scientists are still scratching their heads about what strangely tints the lake water. At first it was assumed that algae were to blame, but water samples showed that this was not the reason: there was not a single algae in it that initiated the pink color. The lake is bordered by a belt of white salt and an evergreen eucalyptus forest. There is another "feature" of this reservoir - all of Hiller's photographs were taken from a bird's eye view. Visits by tourists to Middle Island, on which this lake turns pink, are prohibited.

HD video Flamingos at Lake Nakuru

There are a huge number of lakes on earth, but among them there are those that fascinate with their appearance, unique and unique: you will not meet anywhere else on the globe. Some lakes surprise with their huge size, the second - with healing properties, and the third - with their beauty, nature and unusual color of water.

For example, a small hot lake of Morning Glory in national park USA, which changes the color of the water from deep purple to turquoise, and sometimes becomes completely green. The behavior of the lake is also constantly changing: sometimes it is calm, sometimes it rages like a volcano. The depth of the lake is 2200 m, and the water temperature is 100 degrees at depth, and 50-60 degrees at the surface.

Iridescent, but very dangerous is the Acid Lake in Sicily. The second name is Lake of Death. There are no fish in the lake, no vegetation grows, and even birds do not fly over its surface. Any living organism that enters the lake instantly dies due to the large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid in the water. Believe it or not, but there are stories that the Sicilian mafia hid their victims and traces of crimes in this lake.

Not so bright, but at the same time, Spotted Lake (Klipuk) in Canada looks bewitching. Due to the high content of minerals in water, summer time evaporation occurs, which leads to the formation of bizarre spotted islands on the surface. Depending on the time of year, these spots are painted in different colors. Surprisingly, the mineral composition hardens so much that you can walk on the islets. It is almost impossible to get to the lake, it is under the protection of indigenous people, and tourists have to enjoy the lake from the side of the nearest highway.

A dark, dirty lake in which you cannot swim is located on the island of Trinidad, in the seas of the Caribbean. The lake is referred to as Asphalt, is located in the crater of a mud volcano, and is a natural source of asphalt. More than 150 thousand tons of asphalt are mined annually.

The amazing jellyfish lake is located in the Palau archipelago. It is home to more than 20 million jellyfish, which gather in the center of the lake, forming a solid wall. It is absolutely safe for a person to be among jellyfish, since the jellyfish that are there have lost their stinging cells and do not burn. However, already at a depth of more than 10 m, the water becomes toxic.

And on the island of Flores are the famous lakes of Kelimutu. The two lakes have different colors that they change from time to time. For example: a black lake turns red and then green. According to local legends, the souls of old people are in the red lake, the souls of young people are in the green, and the souls of children are in the white.

The most mysterious lake in the world is Loch Ness in Scotland, with which many fantastic stories are associated. The lake gained its popularity thanks to the Loch Ness monster, which everyone wants to see, but no one has yet been able to.

There are two unique lakes in Australia at once:

Gippsland Lake: the water of the lake glows with a blue neon light, thanks to a special type of algae that has grown in the lake;

Hiller Lake: its main feature is its bright pink water.

10 most unusual lakes on our planet.

10 most unusual lakes on our planet.

spotted lake

The first unusual lake we will talk about is the spotted lake Kliluk. It is located in the province of British Columbia in western Canada.

spotted lake

The uniqueness of the lake lies in the fact that its water contains the largest amount of minerals in the world (among all lakes): magnesium sulfate, calcium, sodium sulfate, silver, titanium.

During the summer most of the water evaporates and the minerals solidify to form natural rings around the water that you can walk on. The water that forms large spots on the lake at different times of the year is painted in a certain color depending on the mineral composition. Thanks to this, a spotted lake is obtained.

Chameleon lakes are located on the Indonesian island of Flores in the crater of the Kelimutu volcano at an altitude of 1639 meters. The last time the volcano woke up in 1968, after which it fell asleep, and on its top three depressions formed in the magma, which eventually filled with precipitation.

Chameleon lakes of Kelimutu volcano.

The resulting three reservoirs periodically change color from black to turquoise. Color changes occur due to chemical reactions occurring between different minerals and gas.

For example, the concentration of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids cause a green color, and the reaction between iron and hydrogen sulfide produces a reddish tint. The color of the water changes unpredictably, the last time the colors were: green, black and dark green. And before that, the lakes were painted white, turquoise and red. And even earlier, in 2009, the lakes were black, turquoise and brown.

There is a pink lake 30 kilometers from Dakar. Initially, the lake was a lagoon connected by a narrow channel to the ocean. But the Atlantic surf washed up the sand and eventually filled up the channel, so a salt lake was formed. The concentration of salt in the lake is 1.5 times more than in the Dead Sea - 380 grams per liter.

Retba is a pink lake in Senegal.

But the unusualness of this lake lies not in salinity, but in its color. The unique pink color of the lake is due to the bacteria living in it - cyanobacteria. Apart from them, no one else lives in the lake. The color of the water ranges from light pink to brown. The hue depends on the time of day, cloudiness or wind. From a strong wind, cyanobacteria are activated and begin to produce more pink enzyme.

The increased salinity of the lake makes it possible for local residents to earn a living. Every day, dozens of local men, on boats, go to the middle of the lake and, standing waist-deep in the water, break the salt deposits at the bottom of the lake with special sticks. The resulting salt is loaded into boats with shovels and transported to the shore. In order for water with a high concentration of salt not to corrode the skin to non-healing ulcers (it will take only tens of minutes for this), the miners, before entering the water, rub themselves with shea butter extracted from the fruits of the tallow tree.

Due to the active extraction of salt, the pink lake Retba is getting smaller and smaller every year, and if measures are not taken in the near future to protect the unique lake, it may soon disappear from the face of our earth.

Lake of Morning Glory.

The lake is located in the United States in the Yellowstone National Park. The unusualness of the lake lies in its depth, color and temperature. The lake itself is small, but its depth reaches up to 2200 meters. The water in the lake changes its color from deep purple to turquoise, and sometimes turns completely green.

Lake of Morning Glory.

Since the lake is located on the surface of the largest volcano in the world, it behaves accordingly: either it boils like water in a kettle, or it explodes like a geyser. The lake acquired an unusual name in 1883 due to its shape. The fact is that the shape of the lake looks like a bindweed flower, which in the USA is called “morning glory”.

Unfortunately, due to the numerous tourists, the lake has lost some of its features. Tourists throw coins into the lake, which clogged the source that heats the lake, due to which the water temperature dropped to 50 degrees and the lake stopped bubbling. But the servants of the park do not give up and try to artificially cause an explosion of the geyser in order to clear the passage between the source and the lake.

Mirror lake.

Mirror Lake is located in southwestern Bolivia. In fact, this is the largest dry salt lake in the world - Uyuni Salt Flats. Its area is about 10,582 sq. km.

Mirror lake.

It contains more than 10 billion tons of salt. During the rainy season, the bowl of the dried lake is completely filled with water and the surface turns into a real mirror that reflects the blue Bolivian sky.

Jellyfish lake.

Jellyfish Lake is located in the archipelago of the Republic of Palau. On the islands of the archipelago there are three unique, unparalleled in the world, lakes in which jellyfish live - Mastigias.

There are about 25 million individuals in each lake. It is completely safe for a person among jellyfish, because in the process of evolution in the waters of a closed lake, jellyfish have lost the ability to sting and do not burn at all.

Jellyfish lake.

Usually, jellyfish gather together in the middle of the lake, forming a solid wall and allowing divers to communicate with them.

Jellyfish Lake is very popular among tourists, but you can swim in it only on the surface. The fact is that at a depth of more than ten meters, the water becomes toxic and it is for this reason that no organisms, except for jellyfish, have taken root in the lake.

Asphalt lake.

An asphalt lake called Peach Lake is located in the crater of a mud volcano on the island of Trinidad, located in the seas of the Caribbean.

The lake was formed after the break of the Caribbean continental plate, which caused oil to begin to rise up the break. And after passing through the mouth of the volcano, under the influence of the evaporation of volatile substances, the oil turns into asphalt.

Lake Peach Lake is the world's largest source of natural bitumen, its area is more than 40 hectares, and its depth reaches 75 meters. Asphalt is being developed here, about 150 thousand tons of natural bitumen are mined per year.

Asphalt lake.

Mined is exported to the USA, China and England, and further used in construction.

Lake with bubbles.

Abraham Lake is an artificial reservoir created in 1972 in Canada to collect spring water. In appearance, the lake is completely unremarkable, but with the onset of winter, it attracts tourists from all over the globe to look at the natural phenomenon.

Lake with bubbles.

What is unique about this lake? And here's what. Every winter, the ice cover of the lake is covered with an unusual pattern that forms in the ice from frozen gas bubbles.

The reason for this phenomenon is that methane bubbles rise from the bottom of the lake to the already frozen ice edge.

Lake with bubbles.

They freeze at different depths and due to this, such an unusual visual effect is obtained. And look at their fantastic beauty.

This artificial lake is located in China in Zhejiang province and was formed during the construction of a hydroelectric power station in 1959. Some time after the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the artificial lake became a little shallower and bizarre sandy islands appeared above the water.

And a few years later, all these islands were covered with lush grass and green trees, birds settled there and the islands came to life. In total, there are more than 1000 islands on the lake, thanks to which it got its name. The water in Qiandaohu Lake is so pure that a Chinese brand is based on it. mineral water Nongfu Spring.

Qiandaohu Thousand Island Lake.

And in 2002, two ancient cities were found under the lake, whose age is estimated at about 1800 years. In the era of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the cities of Chun'an and Suian were located on the site of the lake. During the dives, divers explored the city of Sui'an and found that the buildings were preserved in excellent condition. Now the local Chinese authorities are thinking about how to attract as many tourists as possible here.

Ideas to drain the lake or arrange mass scuba diving were rejected. Now there are plans to create an underwater transparent tunnel through which tourists can move and see underwater sights.

Green lake in Austria.

An amazing lake called Gruner See (Green Lake) is located in Austria in the foothills of the Hochschwab Mountains near the town of Tragoss. From August to April - this is an ordinary, unremarkable lake, 1-2 meters deep, around which there is a small park with a green lawn, paved paths and benches. But in the spring, metamorphoses occur with the lake: the snow on the mountains surrounding it begins to melt and descend in stormy streams into the lowland, where the lake is located.

The bowl of the lake is absolutely not designed for such an amount of water. After some time, the water begins to overflow the banks, and absorb the space surrounding it. And with it, benches, lawns, and walking paths go under water. The depth of the Green Lake during this period increases to 10-12 meters, and thanks to the melted mountain snow, the water in the lake is absolutely transparent.

And they called it green only because the mountain, juicy grass, after flooding the park, continues to grow under the water column and gives the lake an emerald hue.

Despite the fact that the water in the lake is icy, no more than 6-7 degrees Celsius, in the spring season it attracts a lot of tourist divers. After all, where else can you sit on an underwater bench and walk along an underwater path? By the end of July, the lake returns to its normal state, and the park passes into the possession of hikers ... ... until next spring.

Basalygin Kirill

The project tells about the mysterious lakes of our planet

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Preview:

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Average comprehensive school No. 30 named after N.N. Kolokoltsov"

UNUSUAL LAKES OF THE WORLD

Project (creative) work in geography

Basalygin Kirill

5 B class

Supervisor:

Chugunova M.V.,

Geography teacher

2016

1. Introduction
2. What is a lake?
3. Unusual lakes of the world
4. Conclusion
5. Bibliography

Introduction

There are a huge number of magnificent lakes created by nature on our planet. But some of her creations are not only beautiful, but also very unusual. It is no coincidence that they are included in the list of the most beautiful places on our planet and have become attractions of the countries in which they are located.

There are many unusual lakes on earth: salty, acidic, hot, boiling, and even asphalt and spotty, disappearing and reappearing, and many others.

However, today we bring to your attention a selection of the most unusual lakes in the world, which have more interesting features.

Lakes are enclosed bodies of water. Strange chemical reactions can take place in them, as well as anomalous creatures that cannot be found anywhere else on Earth. Some lakes are sites of catastrophic events such as meteor impacts or volcanic eruptions, others hold ancient secrets.

I chose the theme of the project “Unusual Lakes of the World” because in geography lessons I was interested in everything unusual, new. And the teacher suggested that I learn about the mysterious lakes of the world.

Thus, the goal of my project is to get acquainted with the unusual lakes of the world.

Project subject: Lakes

Project object: mysterious lakes of the world

Tasks:

• To form knowledge about the concept of "lake";
• Collect information about the unusual lakes of the world;
• Create a multimedia presentation based on the results of work

What is a LAKE?

A lake is an accumulation of water in a natural depression on land. It consists of a lake bowl or a bed filled with water to the brim. This body of water is not connected to the sea and ocean.

First, unlike rivers, lakes do not have currents and are not part of the oceans. Secondly, lakes have different mineralization of water. The deepest and freshest lake is Baikal. And the largest lake, and, in terms of salt composition, similar to ocean water, is the Caspian. Once it was the sea, as it was connected to the ocean.

There is also a division of lakes according to their position, according to the water balance, according to the chemical composition of the water and according to the nutritional value of the substances contained in the lake. There are really a lot of features. There are lakes of different shapes, sizes, bottom topography. They receive water not only from rain, but also from underground rivers. Often lakes even give life to new rivers.

According to the origin of the lake basin, there are lakes: tectonic, glacial, river, seaside. There are also failure, mountain, crater and artificial.

Tectonic - are formed in troughs of the earth's crust on the plains (Ladoga, Onega, Ilmen, Upper in North America), in troughs in the mountains (Markakol, Sonkel, Issyk-Kul, Alakol), in foothill depressions (Balkhash), in rift depressions (Baikal, Tanganyika). Most tectonic lakes are large in area and depth.

Volcanic - arise in craters and calderas of extinct volcanoes (lakes on Java island, lakes Bolsena, Albeno, Avernskoye in Italy, Kronotskoye in Kamchatka), in deepenings of lava covers (Lake Komarino in Iceland), in maars (Lacherskoe Lake in the Eifel massif , Germany).

meteorite - are formed in depressions that arose during the fall of meteorites (Lake Kaali in Estonia).

Glacial - their occurrence is associated with the exaration-accumulative activity of ancient and modern glaciers. Glacial lakes arose where the glacier retreated, driven by warming. There are especially many such lakes in Karelia. Many lakes in Russia are of glacial origin.

Failed - lakes, the basins of which arose as a result of leaching of soils and rocks by surface and mainly underground waters, as well as during the thawing of permafrost soil or the melting of ice in it.

According to water balancelakes are divided into runoff and non-drainage. sewage lakes - lakes into which rivers flow in and out. Drainless lakes are lakes into which rivers flow but do not flow out. Waste lakes Baikal, Ladoga, Onega, Ontario, Huron. Lakes drainless Caspian, Balkhash, Chad, Air.

Endorheic lakes have neither surface nor underground runoff and lose water only for evaporation. They exist due to the flowing rivers. If the flow of rivers is greater than evaporation, the lakes live, if less, they dry up. Endorheic lakes have become widespread in arid steppe and desert zones. These are numerous lakes of Central Asia, Southern Siberia, most of the lakes of Central Asia, lakes of the North American, African and Australian deserts.

Waste lakes have surface and underground runoff. They form in conditions of excessive moisture, where more precipitation falls than evaporates. They are characteristic of the tundra, forests. In cases where rivers flow through lakes, they are called flowing. In flowing lakes, water exchange occurs faster. Waste lakes include such major lakes as the Great Slave, Great Bear, Athabasca, Winnipeg, Ontario in North America, Onega, Pskov-Peipsi, Ilmen, Geneva in Europe.

Unusual lakes of the world

There are a huge number of lakes on our planet. And if some of them are known for their beauty, others for their healing properties, and others for their size, then there are those that have become popular due to the unusual nature of their nature or even its strangeness. There are seething lakes, there are disappearing and reappearing, there are even asphalt and spotty lakes.

Asphalt Lake (Peach Lake)

Lake Peach Lake or asphalt lake, located in the southwest of Trinidad, is famous for being one of the natural "deposits" of asphalt. This is one of the largest bitumen pits in the world, with an area of ​​40 hectares and a depth of 80 meters. The peculiarity of the lake is that objects that fall into the lake gradually sink to the bottom, and those that have lain for several centuries among molten asphalt may eventually float to the surface.

The unique lake was formed due to the fact that thousands of years ago a fault occurred in the Caribbean region, and oil from deep deposits rose to the surface. Natural asphalt is a mixture of clay, water and oil.

The lake was discovered in 1595, the locals showed the Englishman the lake of "black gold". Initially, the European used bitumen for sheathing wooden ships. After the second expedition, I decided to transport natural asphalt for construction. During transportation, part of the bitumen melted, badly soiling the horses.

The industrial development of the mountain lake began in 1867. During the time, 10 million tons of asphalt were produced. The raw material was used to cover roads. The streets of more than fifty countries are paved with mined asphalt, including the USA, England, India, Egypt, Japan and Sengapura. The lake contains about 6 million tons of asphalt. At the current rate of production, it should be enough for about 400 years.

The asphalt lake is gradually becoming popular. It is visited annually by about 20 thousand travelers. Some strive to swim in the lake, considering its water to be healing, because it has a high sulfur content.

blood lake

Blood Lake is located in Japan. The surface of the lake is always covered with steam, seething, smooth waves. The water temperature is 90 degrees. Underground geysers are located at the bottom of the lake. Nearby is a boiling lava, which heats the water. As soon as the water at the bottom boils, it is thrown to the surface, which makes the reservoir seem to boil. A mesmerizing spectacle happens every 40 minutes. The water in the lake has a blood-red color due to soluble iron salts. In addition to underground geysers, on the sides of the reservoir there are real volcanoes that release steam and boiling water. The surrounding area is always covered with haze, because of this it seems as if the devil himself lives here. However, residents have become accustomed to this. They have been living near the volcano since 1924 and never cease to love their homeland. The city is shrouded in clouds.

It means "Hell" in Japanese. The superstitious Japanese shunned the bloody lake, because, according to legend, sinners are boiled in it. And where our world comes into contact with the afterlife, there is nothing for the living to do. Although, there is some truth in this legend - any living creature can easily boil in the lake. Evaporating water, a dense curtain of steam hides the surface from human eyes

Lake of Death

Lake of Death is located on the island of Sicily. The name itself suggests that this lake is deadly for all living things. Any living organism that gets into this lake dies. The lake is absolutely lifeless and there are no living organisms in it. The shores of the lake are deserted and lifeless, nothing grows here. If a person decides to swim in this lake, then in a few minutes he will dissolve in the lake.

When scientists learned about this lake, a scientific expedition was immediately sent. The lake revealed its secrets with great difficulty. Analyzes showed that the water contains sulfuric acid. Scientists could not immediately figure out where sulfuric acid comes from. Further study of the lake showed that at the bottom of the lake there are two sources that emit sulfuric acid into the water. This explains why any organic matter dissolves in the lake.

There are many legends about this place. Once upon a time, the Sicilian clans used this place to execute their enemies, and the corpses were dumped into the lake, which completely decomposed the human body in a few minutes. It is quite possible that this is only a legend, and it is not known for certain about the death of people in the lake, but the mafia knows how to keep secrets, and the lake of Death will always be silent about them. There are still many such insidious lakes on earth, swimming in which is deadly for a person.

Ghost Lake

The lake is a ghost, located in South Ossetia. The lake is a phenomenon called Ertso. It attracts a huge number of tourists and vacationers. It is connected not so much with the beauty of the lake, but also with its ability to disappear. Every 3-5 years, the lake goes into the ground, as if it had not been here before. This can happen at any time of the year, even in winter.

According to scientists, the point is in karst caves, where water goes. No animals live in the lake, as they are afraid of this unreliable place. As they say miracles, and only!

Some ufologists believe that the strange drying of the lake is not accidental. And no matter how fantastic it may sound, an alien base is located in the bowels of the earth. Another hypothesis speaks of a secret military base in South Ossetia or a secret laboratory.

According to an old legend, the house of an evil and greedy rich man stood on the shore of the lake, who robbed the peasants without sparing anyone, for which he was drowned by them in the lake. His body was not found. According to his insatiable spirit, he drank all the water when he woke up, and then fell asleep again. This legend is more than three centuries old. This means that the anomaly has existed for a very long time, which excludes the possibility of finding objects created by man under the lake.Scientists continue to study the lake.

ink lake

In Africa, in Algiers, there is a lake in which ink is used instead of water. The ink that fills the lake instead of water is poisonous to living organisms and is suitable only for writing. Two rivers flow into this lake. One of them contains a lot of iron salts, and the other contains a variety of organic compounds from peat bogs. Interacting with each other, the waters of these rivers form ink as a result of chemical compounds. The liquid is suitable for refilling pens. Locals pack them in jars and sell them to stationery stores.

There are legends about the lake among the locals. Some consider it an obsession of the devil and bypass it, others actively benefit from it. The wonderful lake has many names. The most popular of them are the Inkwell, the Devil's Eye, the Black Lake.

According to the legend of local residents, the lake was filled with ink by the devil - from ancient times he visited these places and entered into contracts with people to buy their souls. But one day Satan ran out of ink, and the devil turned the water of the nearest lake into them. After that, the lake became cursed and it was believed that those who approached the lake would have poor health.

Scientists warn those who want to see this miracle of nature that being near the lake for a long time can be dangerous to health, because there is a high probability of getting serious poisoning with caustic fumes.

Lake Jellyfish

On the archipelago of the Rocky Islands in the Pacific Ocean is the popular Jellyfish Lake. The length of the lake is 460 meters, and the width is 160 meters, the depth is up to 50 meters. The lake was formed 12 thousand years ago, as a result of the movement of the earth's crust. The water in the lake is slightly salty. The lake is separated from the ocean by a strip of land about 200 meters. Approximately 2 million jellyfish live in this reservoir. The lake is known for its population of two types of jellyfish - golden and moon. On the sides of the lake is surrounded by rocks, shores overgrown with trees. The golden jellyfish receives part of its nutrition from algae that live in its tissues. In order to provide them with sufficient light, these jellyfish rotate counterclockwise as they swim close to the surface. Moon jellyfish feed on crustaceans, for which they rise to the surface of the lake at night. The size of these jellyfish is also surprising. In the lake you can meet giant jellyfish larger than a soccer ball and baby jellyfish the size of a small cherry berry. One jellyfish is 8 eyes and algae living within its cell. Algae needs the sun to grow and develop. This factor makes the jellyfish move all the time following the sunlight. The jellyfish crosses the sea lake 2 times a day, from one shore to the other, following the sun. When night falls, all jellyfish rush to the depths - there, at the bottom, the water is rich in nitrogen.

On the island where this lake is located, 600 people live. Lake Medusa, according to legend, is magical. Small and large, orange and snow-white, they swim here in huge numbers and are even accustomed to tourists. If you dive into their Kingdom, do not forget to make a wish - after all, the jellyfish will hear you and pass you "where you need to", and it will certainly come true.

Conclusion

As a result of this project, we have achieved the goal and implemented all the tasks. We got acquainted with the concept of "lake", found out what lakes are in nature. We collected a lot of interesting information about the unusual lakes of the world.

On our planet, it is difficult to even imagine that there would not be that huge number of reservoirs that we have now. Among the lakes there are very beautiful ones, there are romantic or scary ones, and there are just unusual ones. They have a strange color of water, amazing nature around, or even strange behavior like disappearing strictly in mid-March.

In my opinion, my project work turned out to be very interesting and informative. This project may be used in geography lessons in grades 5-8 when studying topics about lakes. Also, this material can be used in extracurricular activities and to expand the general horizons.