Romania map in Russian. Capital of Romania, flag, history of the country

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Romania is located in the south-east of Europe, washed by the Black Sea, borders on Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary. All Romania, with the exception of the Black Sea coast, is included in the Danube basin.

Romania covers an area of ​​238.391 km² and is the largest country in Southeast Europe and the 12th largest country in all of Europe.

Airports in Romania

Bucharest Baneasa - Aurel Vlaicu International Airport

Bucharest Henri Coanda International Airport

Cluj-Napoca International Airport

Timisoara Traian Vuia International Airport

Romania hotels 1 - 5 stars

Romania weather

The climate is continental, temperate. The coast in the spring, summer and autumn months is characterized by warm mild weather with a long swimming season from May to October. Snow in the Carpathians lies from December to April.

Average air temperature in Bucharest t°C

Language of Romania

Official language: Romanian

Hungarian and German are widely used. In the tourism industry, French and English are common.

Currency of Romania

International name: RON

The Romanian leu is equal to 100 bani. Banknotes of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 lei are in circulation. Coins - 1, 5, 10, 50 bani.

Foreign currency can be exchanged at banks or at specialized exchange offices (casa de schimb) located in hotels, train stations, airports, some of the supermarkets and on the main streets of cities. Exchange receipts should be kept until leaving the country.

Most major hotels and restaurants accept American Express, MasterCard, Dinners Club and Visa credit cards. Traveler's checks can be cashed in major banks in the capital (cheques in euros are preferred). It is almost impossible to pay with non-cash funds in the province. The exceptions are coastal resorts and ski resorts. ATMs are becoming an increasingly common means of currency exchange, but they are found only in the capital and large resort areas.

Visa

Types of visas:
- Category B - transit visa. The visa is issued to persons whose purpose of visit is transit through the territory of Romania to third countries.
- Category C - short-term (up to 90 days) entry visa. This type of visa is issued to persons whose purpose of visit is tourism, medical treatment, visiting friends or relatives, business meetings (if their purpose is not to generate income in Romania).
- Category D - long-term multiple entry visa (stay over 90 days). The purpose of the visit can be both business and private.

Customs restrictions

Officially, it is allowed to import currency up to $50,000 into the country, but amounts over $1,000 require declaration upon entry. It is allowed to export 5,000 lei in Romanian currency, and only banknotes of 1,000 lei or less. Gifts worth up to $100 can be imported duty-free. You can import duty-free: 4 l. wine, 1 l. strong liquor, 200 cigarettes, 200 gr. coffee and cocoa, (for personal use).

Tourists can take out of the country (with payment of customs duties) things and goods purchased for lei, obtained through legal currency exchange and on the basis of supporting documents. Valuable goods (jewelry, works of art, video and photographic equipment, etc.) must be declared upon entry into the country.

Mains voltage

Tips

Tipping is not accepted. You can leave 5-10% in a first-class restaurant or, if the cost of service is included in the bill, round the bill up. Tips are not required in taxis.

Office Hours

Banks are open on weekdays from 9 am to 12 pm, currency exchange offices - from 9 am to 12 pm and from 1 pm to 3 pm. In large resort areas, opening hours are usually extended until 4 pm.

Shops are open on weekdays from 9 am to 6 pm with a lunch break from 12 am to 3 pm in different stores. In large cities there are shops with a round-the-clock work schedule. Day off is usually Saturday and Sunday.

Photo and video shooting

Photographing military installations, bridges and ports is prohibited. In some places (mainly most of the palaces and some churches) you will need to pay about 2 thousand lei for permission to take pictures.

Traditions

Smoking is prohibited in public transport and public places.

Safety

Petty theft, currency and credit card fraud are very common, sometimes scammers dress up in the uniform of a policeman or taxi driver. Drug use is prosecuted with particular severity - even a foreigner can be convicted of drug-related offenses for up to 7 years.

Code of the country: +40

First level geographic domain name:.ro

Medicine

From time to time, outbreaks of anthrax in the Danube Delta, viral meningitis in the northern and eastern regions, typhus, hepatitis and rabies in rural areas are recorded. International health insurance is required. Medical care is rather poor.

Emergency Phones

Ambulance - 961
Emergency Hospital - 962
Police - 955
Fire assistance - 981

Useful information for tourists about Romania, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, the currency of Romania, the cuisine, the features of visa and customs restrictions in Romania.

Geography of Romania

Romania is a state in the southeast of Europe, bordered by the Black Sea, Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary. All Romania, with the exception of the Black Sea coast, is included in the Danube basin.

State

State structure

The form of government is a republic. The head of state is the president. The head of government is the prime minister. The legislature is a bicameral parliament.

Language

Official language: Romanian

Hungarian and German are widely used. In the tourism industry, French and English are common.

Religion

70% of the population professes Romanian Orthodoxy, 6% - Protestantism, 6% - Catholicism and 3% - Greek Orthodoxy.

Currency

International name: RON

The Romanian leu is equal to 100 bani. Banknotes of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 lei are in circulation. Coins - 1, 5, 10, 50 bani.

Foreign currency can be exchanged at banks or at specialized exchange offices (casa de schimb) located in hotels, train stations, airports, some of the supermarkets and on the main streets of cities. Exchange receipts should be kept until leaving the country.

Most major hotels and restaurants accept American Express, MasterCard, Dinners Club and Visa credit cards. Traveler's checks can be cashed in major banks in the capital (cheques in euros are preferred). It is almost impossible to pay with non-cash funds in the province. The exceptions are coastal resorts and ski resorts. ATMs are becoming an increasingly common means of currency exchange, but they are found only in the capital and large resort areas.

History of Romania

The territory of Romania in 106 was conquered by the Roman emperor Trajan and annexed to the Roman Empire. From the 3rd century, it was constantly subjected to raids by neighboring tribes of Goths, Huns, and Bulgars. In the 9th century, Romania was under the rule of Bulgaria and at that time was baptized into Orthodoxy.

In 1532, the two Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. In the middle of the 18th century, as a result of the Russian-Turkish wars, the influence of the Ottoman Empire was significantly weakened. Moldavia and Wallachia received greater autonomy, Russia became the de facto suzerain of these states. After the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, its influence here weakened.

In 1859, both states crowned a common king, in 1861 they merged into the autonomous principality of Romania. In 1878, the independence of Romania was proclaimed, in 1881 the country became known as the Kingdom of Romania.

In the 30s of the 20th century, a pro-fascist regime was established in Romania, led by Corneliu Geleo Codreanu, the leader of the Iron Guard.

In 1947 a republic was proclaimed in Romania, and a year later a new constitution based on that of the USSR was adopted. The communist regime of Ceausescu was in power in the country until December 1989. On December 22, as a result of revolutionary events, power in the country passed to the "Council of National Salvation". 3 days later, Ceausescu and his wife were executed.

The territory of Romania in 106 was conquered by the Roman emperor Trajan and annexed to the Roman Empire. From the 3rd century, it was constantly subjected to raids by neighboring tribes of Goths, Huns, and Bulgars. In the 9th century, Romania was under the rule of Bulgaria and at that time was baptized into Orthodoxy....

Popular Attractions

Romania Tourism

Where to stay

The hotel business in Romania has noticeably changed for the better over the past decades and today corresponds to the level of most Eastern European countries. In any city of the country there are numerous hotels of various classes, the level of services provided and prices for accommodation. The widest selection of hotels is presented in Bucharest, Brasov, Constanta, Sighisoara and Timisoara.

When looking for options for accommodation, you should pay attention to the following: despite the existing gradation of the "star" hotels in Romania, three-star hotels can be much more comfortable than four- and even five-star ones, falling short of a high level in just a couple of minor details.

Five-star hotels can only be found in very large cities such as Bucharest. On ski resorts Romania presents villas and hotels of different levels, ranging from one to four stars.

Breakfast is usually included in the rate and ranges in quality from simple biscuits with tea to sumptuous buffets. Most hotels in the country have free wi-fi or a computer with Internet access.

In addition to traditional hotels, there are other accommodation options in Romania. For example, the pensiunea is a family-run guesthouse and roadside hotel that can be rated either two or three stars. Here, vacationers are offered bedrooms with private facilities in the room and food. Each hotel has a restaurant or cafe.

For tourists who want to get to know the life of local residents better, it is worth staying in guest houses (homestays pensiunea) and rural guesthouses. Their life can be unusually simple. But such accommodation fits perfectly into such a popular style of recreation as agrotourism.

Another popular type of accommodation in Romania are hostels, which are located so far only in the most popular sightseeing cities such as Bucharest, Sighisoara and Sibiu.

Popular hotels

Tours and attractions in Romania

Romania is one of the most interesting countries Southeast Europe. Its territory has been inhabited since prehistoric times and today impresses with its richest cultural and historical heritage. Undoubtedly, the stunning natural landscapes of the country are also impressive. Romania is the majestic Carpathians, the picturesque Danube Delta, the famous Black Sea beaches, beautiful architectural monuments and many other interesting sights. Traveling in Romania will give you unforgettable impressions and many positive emotions.

The heart of the country and its "pearl" is considered to be its capital - Bucharest. It is located in an amazingly picturesque place among beautiful lakes, gardens and parks. It is definitely worth visiting the so-called Old Bucharest with a labyrinth of narrow streets, many beautiful architectural structures and an abundance of historical monuments. Among the most interesting sights of Bucharest are the Palace of the Parliament (one of the largest buildings in the world), Curtea Veche (princely court), the Royal Palace, the Arc de Triomphe, the Crezulescu Palace, the Romanian Athena, the National Historical Museum, the National Museum of Art, the monasteries of Antimi and Plumbuita, the Church of Mihai Voda, and the Patriarchal Church. You should definitely visit the Cismigiu Gardens, the Botanical Garden, the Bordei and Harastrau parks, the Hanul lui Manuc caravanserai, the Museum of the Romanian Peasant and the Ethnographic Open Air Museum. And in the vicinity of Bucharest, the magnificent Mogoshoai Palace, the Stirbei Palace, as well as the monasteries of Chernika, Snagov, Tsiganesti, Paserya and Kalderushan deserve special attention.

The Romanian city of Brasov is also popular among tourists. Its main attraction is the famous Black Church (XV century) made in the Gothic style. Also of interest are the Church of St. Nicholas, the Church of St. Bartholomew, the Historical Museum, the City Hall, the Gates of Catherine and the Museum of the First School. In the vicinity of Brasov is Bran Castle, which served as the prototype for the legendary Dracula's castle in Bram Stoker's novel.

You should definitely visit the famous Romanian monasteries Voronets, Horeza and Sucevitsa, which are a national treasure and are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In Alba Iulia, one of the most ancient cities in the country, you can visit the oldest museum in Romania, the Citadel built by the Roman Emperor Charles VI and the magnificent Gothic Cathedral, and in its vicinity the only ice cave in Eastern Europe. In Sinai, the Peleshor Castle, the Sinai Monastery are interesting, and not far from the city is the Peles Royal Palace, which today is one of the largest museums in the country.

You will also find many interesting sights in the cities of Timisoara, Constanta, Iasi, Cluj-Napoca, Sighisoara, Sibiu, Suceava, the historical region of Maramures and Ancient Dacia. Among the natural beauties of Romania, a special place is occupied by the Bicaz Gorge and the unique Danube Delta.

Romania is famous for its huge number of various resorts.

Tips

Tipping is not accepted. You can leave 5-10% in a first-class restaurant or, if the cost of service is included in the bill, round the bill up. Tips are not required in taxis.

Visa

Office Hours

Banks are open on weekdays from 9 am to 12 pm, currency exchange offices - from 9 am to 12 pm and from 1 pm to 3 pm. In large resort areas, opening hours are usually extended until 4 pm.

Shops are open on weekdays from 9 am to 6 pm with a lunch break from 12 am to 3 pm in different stores. In large cities there are shops with a round-the-clock work schedule. Day off is usually Saturday and Sunday.

Medicine

From time to time, outbreaks of anthrax in the Danube Delta, viral meningitis in the northern and eastern regions, typhus, hepatitis and rabies in rural areas are recorded. International health insurance is required. Medical care is rather poor.

Safety

Petty theft, currency and credit card fraud are very common, sometimes scammers dress up in the uniform of a policeman or taxi driver. Drug use is prosecuted with particular severity - even a foreigner can be convicted of drug-related offenses for up to 7 years.

Emergency Phones

Ambulance - 961
Emergency Hospital - 962
Police - 955
Fire assistance - 981

Photo and video shooting

Photographing military installations, bridges and ports is prohibited. In some places (mainly most of the palaces and some churches) you will need to pay about 2 thousand lei for permission to take pictures.

National features of Romania. Traditions

Smoking is prohibited in public transport and public places (theaters, restaurants).

Questions and opinions about Romania

Question answer

State in southeastern Europe. In the north it borders with Ukraine, in the east - with Moldova, in the south - with Bulgaria, in the southwest - with Serbia, in the west - with Hungary. In the southeast it is washed by the Black Sea. The area of ​​Romania is about 237,500 km2. The central part of the country is occupied by the Transylvanian basin, almost completely surrounded by mountains: in the north and east - by the Carpathians; in the south - the Transylvanian Alps, where the highest point of the country is located - Mount Moldoveanul (2544 m), in the west - the small mountains Vikhor. The rest of the territory of Romania is mostly flat. The most extensive plains are located on the border with Serbia - the Tisha valley; between the Transylvanian Alps and Bulgaria - Wallachia; to the east of the Carpathians - Moldova and on the Black Sea coast - Dobruzha. Romania's main river is the Danube, which forms part of the border with Serbia and almost entirely with Bulgaria. River Mures. The Prut, Olt and Siresh are part of the Danube system and are its tributaries. There are many small freshwater lakes in Romania, but the largest are the salt lakes-lagoons of the Black Sea, the largest of them is Lake Razelm.

The population of the country (estimated for 1998) is about 22395800 people, the average population density is about 94 people per km2. Ethnic groups: Romanians - 89.1%, Hungarians - 8.9%, Germans - 0.4%, Ukrainians, Jews, Russians, Serbs, Gypsies, Croats, Turks, Bulgarians, Tatars, Slovaks. Language: Romanian (state), German, Hungarian, Turkish, Serbo-Croatian, Yiddish. Religion: Romanian Orthodox Church - 70%, Catholic Church - 6%, Protestants - 6%, Jews, Muslims. The capital is Bucharest. Largest cities: Bucharest (2,090,000 people), Constanta (350,500 people), Iasi (343,000 people), Timisoara (334,000 people), Cluj-Napoca (328,000 people), Galati (326,000 people), Brasov (324,000 people), Craiova (303,500 people), Ploiesti (252,000 people). The state structure is a republic. The head of state is President Basescu Traian (in office since December 21, 2004). The head of government is Prime Minister Bok Emil (in office since December 2008). Monetary unit - lei. Average life expectancy (for 1998): 67 years - men, 73 years - women. The birth rate (per 1,000 people) is 9.3. Mortality rate (per 1000 people) - 11.6.

The territory of modern Romania in 106 was conquered by the Roman emperor Trajan and annexed to the Roman Empire as the province of Denmark. Starting from the 3rd century, the territory of Dacia was subjected to constant raids by neighboring tribes of Goths, Huns and Bulgars. In the 9th century, Romania was under the rule of Bulgaria and at that time was baptized into Orthodoxy. In the XIII century, two Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia were formed, which were in vassal dependence on the Hungarian and Polish kings. In 1526, Hungary was defeated by the Ottoman Turks and Wallachia and Moldavia came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. After an unsuccessful attempt to free themselves from the power of the Ottoman Empires, at the end of the 16th century, the system of government of the Phanariots was established in Wallachia and Moldavia, where the Greek rulers appointed by the Turks ruled. At that time Greek became the official language of Romania. In the middle of the 18th century, as a result of the Russian-Turkish wars, the influence of the Ottoman Empire was significantly weakened and the Phanariot system was abolished, Moldavia and Wallachia received greater autonomy, and Russia became the de facto overlord of these states. After the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, its influence on Wallachia and Moldavia weakened. In 1859, both states crowned a common prince, and in 1861 they united and were recognized by the Turkish Sultan as an autonomous principality of Romania. In 1878 Romania declared independence, and in 1881 the Kingdom of Romania was proclaimed. In the 30s of the 20th century, a pro-fascist regime was established in Romania, led by Corneliu Gelea-Codreanu, the leader of the Iron Guard, and later by Antonescu. In 1947, a republic was proclaimed in Romania, and on April 13, 1948, a new constitution was adopted based on the constitution of the USSR. The communist regime of Ceausescu was in power in the country until December 1989. On December 22, 1989, power in the country passed to the National Salvation Council; on December 25, 1989, Ceausescu and his wife Elena were executed. In 1993, Romania received an official invitation to join the EU, but the formal entry of Romania into this organization is not expected before 2000. Romania is a member of the UN, World Bank, IMF, GATT.

The Transylvanian basin, the Carpathians and the western valleys have warm summers and cold winters. The temperature in summer sometimes reaches 38°C, and in winter it drops to -32°C. In Wallachia, Moldavia and Dobruja, summers are warmer and winters are not so cold. Vegetation is sparse in the Moldavian and Wallachian steppes, only fruit trees grow on the slopes of the hills. At the foot of the mountains there are deciduous forests dominated by oak, birch and beech. Above are coniferous forests, mostly pine and spruce. Large wild animals - wild boar, wolf, lynx, fox, bear, chamois, mountain goat and deer - live mainly in the Carpathian mountains. Squirrel, hare, badger and ferret live in the valleys. There are many birds in the country, and migratory birds stop in the Danube Valley, which is partly a nature reserve. There are a lot of fish in the rivers: pike, sturgeon, salmon, perch, eel.

There are quite a few museums in Romania, the most interesting of which are the following: Art Museum of Romania with a fine collection of Romanian, Western and Eastern art; National Historical Museum - both in Bucharest. An ethnographic museum located in the house where the Hungarian king Matt Corvinus was born in the 15th century in the city of Cluj-Napoca. The oldest museum in Romania (opened in 1794) in the city of Alba Iulia. Historical Museum in a 15th century building in Brasov. Among the architectural historical sights in Bucharest are the Palace of Justice (1864), the Stirbey Palace (1835), the building of the National Bank (1885), the pre (1715); Patriarchal Church (1665). In Iasi - a cathedral and two churches of the XV century. In Oradea - the parish church in which the Hungarian king Laszlo I the Holy is buried. In Cluj-Napoca, the Church of St. Michael (1396-1432), Reformed Church of 1486, Batanui Palace - the former residence of the Transylvanian princes. In Tirgu-Mues - a Gothic church of the XV century, the Teleki Palace. In Alba Iulia, a citadel built by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1716-1735; cathedral of the 2nd century, rebuilt in the 15th century in the Gothic style. In Timi-Shoara - an 18th-century castle; Orthodox Cathedral; a pseudo-Gothic column in the center of the city, erected in 1851 by the Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I as a sign of the tenacity of the Timisoars who held out for 107 days against the army of the Hungarian revolutionaries in 1849. In Brasov - the remains of the citadel of 1553, the church of the XIV century in the Gothic style; church of st. Bartholomew (XIII century), the town hall of 1420.

In the south-east of Europe lies an amazing and little known to most Europeans country - Romania.

The first human settlements on the territory of modern Romania date back to ancient times. 42 thousand years ago - it is to this period that the traces of Cro-Magnons found in one of the caves in the Romanian Carpathians are attributed. Medieval Romania is known to the whole world for the cruel and merciless prince Vlad the Impaler, or Vlad Dracula, who became the prototype of the hero of Bram Stoker's book about vampires. Today Romania is a beautiful, economically developed country with rich cultural traditions, a member of the European Union (since 2007).

The capital of Romania is the city Bucharest. In addition to the capital, the largest cities in Romania are Cluj-Napoca, Constanta, Timisoara, Brasov, Craiova, Iasi, Galati.

Capital	Bucharest
Population	19,042.9 thousand people
Population density	80 people/km²
	Romanian
Religion	Orthodoxy, a small proportion of Protestants, Catholics and Muslims
Form of government	parliamentary republic
	Romanian leu, equal to 100 bani
Timezone	UTC+2 (summer UTC+3)
International dialing code
Internet domain zone
Electricity

Climate and weather

The rather large extent of the territory of Romania (more than 3,000 km) with a diverse relief explains that the country's territory is influenced by different types of climate: temperate (in the mountains), continental (on the flat part of the country) and maritime (on the Black Sea coast).

The main influence on the climate of Romania is provided by the Carpathian mountain system, which stretches from north to southwest across the country, and the Black Sea in the southeast.

The climate in the Romanian Carpathians is classified as a temperate and mild continental type, with cold and snowy winters, but not very frosty ( 0… -8 °С), and slightly cool summers ( +15…+20 °С). In the mountains, a large amount of precipitation falls annually, most of which falls in the summer. Snow in the Carpathians can lie from November to April.

The continental climate of the plains of Romania is characterized by very cold winters (air temperature drops to -15 °C) and hot, dry summers (up to +33 °C).

The climate on the Black Sea coast is characterized by warm mild winters ( +4…+6 °С) and hot, sunny, dry summers ( +25…+27 °С) and belongs to the temperate marine type.

The variety of climatic conditions on the territory of Romania, which have a long comfortable period, contributes to the development of both summer and winter types of tourism in the country.

Nature

Romanian nature is rich and varied. Two-thirds of the country is occupied by a complex chain Carpathian mountains(Eastern and Southern Carpathians), which are famous for their crystal clear air and picturesque views. The mountains cut through the fast waters of the Chris and Olt rivers, extremely popular among rafting enthusiasts. Often in the mountains you can find landslide, karst and tarn lakes. Unique is Lake Saint Anna, which lies in the crater of a long-extinct volcano in the Eastern Carpathians.

About 30% of all thermal and mineral underground springs in Europe are concentrated in Romania. About 200 balneological resorts (Govora, Bailey-Felix, Beidi-Erkulane, Vatra Dornei, Borshech, etc.) are located today in the area of ​​these springs.

The Romanian Black Sea coast is characterized mainly by sandy beaches, a gentle descent into the sea, a fairly calm and warm sea. The white sand of Romanian beaches, in addition to being unusually beautiful and pleasant to walk on barefoot, is also considered to be curative.

Deserves special attention Danube river flowing through Romania. pouring into Black Sea The Danube forms one of the largest river deltas in Europe. The Danube Delta is characterized by the richest untouched nature. There are many fish in the water, hundreds of species of animals and birds live on the banks, more than 5,000 species of plants grow. The preservation of this extraordinary corner of nature is of world importance, therefore the Danube Delta is considered a living monument of nature and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Attractions

Bucharest can definitely be called one of the most beautiful capitals in Europe.

Magnificent Palace of the Patriarchate, Romanian Athenaeum, Cotroceni Royal Palace etc.

Small Sinai township famous not only for its ski resorts, but also for its beautiful architecture. The city has a well-preserved former royal residence Peles Palace, which ranks 6th among the most beautiful palaces in the world. Also located here Pelisor Palace, known for its unique interiors: "Golden Room", "Golden Bedroom", "Chapel".

Historical region of Romania Transylvania rich in beautiful architectural monuments. Almost every city in Transylvania boasts unique buildings:

• fortress of Sighisoara;
• Biertan Church;
• Brukenthal Palace in Sibiu;
• fortress Alba Julia;
• Matthias Corvin's house in Cluj-Napoca;
• Ryshnov fortress;
• Teutonic Church Prejmer.

The list of attractions in Romania is impossible to imagine without the legendary medieval castle Bran(Castle Dracula). It is with this castle that the name of the famous vampire is associated, but is it really so? ..

The list of sights of Romania will be incomplete without unique natural monuments:

• mud volcanoes near Buzău;
• lake Vidraru with a dam;
• mountain lake Lakul Roshu, formed in 1837 as a result of a powerful collapse of rocks and heavy rain showers;
• the caves of Muerilor;
• caves of the Bears;
• lakes with mineral water Ursu;
• volcanic lake St. Anna;
• nature reserve Glade of Narcissuses in Vada;
• "iron gate";
• the Danube delta.

Nutrition

Traditional Romanian dishes are all kinds of soups, meat dishes and, to a much lesser extent, fish dishes.

In Romania, soups are widely prepared ( chorba), the main ingredients of which are pork, vegetables, cabbage and lemon juice, herbs and sour cream. The most common soups are meatball soups ( ciorba taraneasca and ciorba de perisoare), goose offal soup, borscht on lamb bone, chicken puree soup. Often sour cream or eggs are added to soups.

The most popular meat dishes are parjoales(flat meat pies cooked with spices), mititei(grilled marinated meat) sarmale(pork stuffed cabbage). It should be noted that all dishes are quite spicy.

Romanian national fish dishes are often grilled: scrumbi la gratar(grilled herring) and Nisetru la gratar(grilled Black Sea sturgeon).

Romania is famous for its desserts: incomparable pasca(sweet cheese pie), pies cozonac, placinte cu poale in briu(rolls with cheese), etc.

Among the drinks, wine, beer, mulled wine and, of course, plum tincture are common. tuica. The best varieties of Romanian wine are considered Murfaltar, Cotnari and others. Plum tincture is made in all regions of the country, it differs in aroma, strength and sweetness. It is considered the strongest Tuica de Bihor.

Accommodation

Throughout Romania, even in remote mountainous areas, the tourist will find a place to stay. Large hotels and hotels, roadside motels, guest houses, hostels and campsites provide their services. The cost of living in hotels located in large cities and resorts will be about 40-50 € for a double room, and in motels and hotels located far from the city center - 30-40 €. Numerous hostels will provide their services for 10-20 €.

Entertainment and recreation

Romania has literally everything for have a great holiday in all seasons:

• snow mountains,
• mountain rapids,
• endless alpine meadows,
• warm sea,
• fabulous beaches,
• the richest flora and fauna,
• delicious food,
• cinemas, theaters, modern nightclubs, etc.

The best ski resorts in the country include resorts Sinai, Bushten, Poiana Brasov, Azuga. The largest balneological resorts in Romania are Baile Felix and Baile Herculane. Among the Black Sea resorts, the most popular are Vama Veche, Mamaia, Costinesti, Doi Mai, Eforie Sud, Eforie Nord and etc.

In the Danube Delta, a special type of ecological tourism is developed, bird watching(Birdwatching), because it is here on Popina Island that hundreds of thousands of migratory birds stop on their way home from warm lands.

Numerous holidays, fairs and festivals are held in Romania every year. Of greatest interest are music festivals in Brasov, Sibiu, Mamai and Prishlop, because Romania is famous for its musical traditions, which were influenced by the country's multinationality, a mixture of Moldovan, Gypsy, Hungarian and other cultures. Also worth visiting:

• at the Festival of Contemporary Art in Brasov;
• at the Daffodil Festival in Vada;
• at the Cluj-Napoca International Film Festival.

Major cities and the best resorts in Romania abound with all kinds of nightclubs and casinos.

Purchases

Holidays in Romania compared to many EU countries is considered not very expensive. Prices for most services, goods and food are 50% lower than in Western Europe.

In every city, purchases can be made in huge supermarkets, markets, as well as in numerous small private shops, where the owner himself often stands behind the counter.

Among Romanian souvenirs, the most popular among tourists are:

• handmade leather products;
• silver jewelry;
• embroidery;
• clay and porcelain products;
• colorful warm blankets;
• wool sweaters;
• silk blouses and dresses;
• all kinds of "Dracula" souvenirs (from mugs and T-shirts to aspen stakes).

Credit cards are accepted in all major hotels, restaurants, gas stations and supermarkets, but you should always have cash with you.

Transport

Traveling in Romania, you can use road, rail, river and air transport.

The quality of roads in Romania has improved significantly in recent years. In mountainous regions, the quality of coverage is slightly worse than on the flat territory of the country, which is primarily due to heavy rainfall in the Carpathians, so certain sections of mountain roads are constantly being repaired. For travel on national roads, you must pay a road tax - rovignette.

Romania has a large rail network, but this mode of transport is not very popular with tourists and the public due to the limited speed of movement (the average train speed is approximately 43 km/h). Most of the trains are outdated, with little comfort.

River transport is represented by ferries carrying passengers and cargo across the Danube. There is also (as a type of ecological tourism) travel by boat or small ship on the Danube.

Those who value time spent on the road should use air transport. There are 17 airports in Romania, including 5 international ones. Air transportation in the country is well developed. From Bucharest you can get to all the largest cities in the country. At the most popular destinations planes fly 4-5 times a day. This type of transport is very popular with local residents. Aircraft in excellent condition, with polite qualified personnel.

Urban public transport well organized in all large and medium cities of Romania ( cost 1-2 lei, or 25-50 cents). Recently, double-decker buses appeared in Bucharest, plying on tourist route inside the city. The capital also has the only metro in the country. Taxis are metered. If they are not available, then the cost of the trip should be agreed in advance (most taxi drivers have basic knowledge of English).

Connection

Phone calls abroad can be made both from specialized pay phones (they work with cards that can be purchased at kiosks of printed materials), from public telephone offices at post offices, and from hotel rooms, but this will be 10-20% more expensive.

Mobile communications in Romania are provided by 4 GSM operators - Connex Vodafon, Orange, Cosmte and DigiMobil - and one CDMA operator - Zapp. Today, the coverage area includes almost the entire territory of the country, with the exception of remote, hard-to-reach mountainous areas. In terms of coverage, Orange and Vodafone are leaders, occupying 98-99% of the area of ​​Romania.

Access to Internet resources is provided in Romania by more than 200 providers. Most hotels and hostels offer free Wi-Fi.

Safety

Recent studies of the criminal situation in different countries of the world have shown that Romania occupies a leading position in terms of security among European countries. In the northern and northeastern regions, near the Ukrainian and Moldovan borders, the situation is slightly worse than in the rest of the country: there are gypsy beggars, there are pickpockets. Here you should be careful with your valuables - keep money, mobile phones, cameras with you.

There are no gypsies in the resort areas at all, public order is monitored by city police patrols.

Business climate

Membership in the European Union has led Romania to implement a series of free market reforms that have resulted in the liberalization of foreign trade, the modernization of the tax and banking systems, and the active development of the private sector.

Today, investing in the Romanian economy is considered promising and profitable.

fixed income tax rate is 16%, and in small enterprises with no more than 10 employees and a total annual income not exceeding 100,000 € - 3%.

The cities and resorts of Romania are attracting more and more attention, acting as objects of business tourism. Affordability and the availability of modern, well-equipped conference rooms make Romania an attractive place for business seminars, meetings, exhibitions and conferences of various levels.

Real estate

The unique nature, favorable climate and the proximity of world-famous medical resorts attract many who want to buy real estate in Romania.

Here, foreigners have the same rights to purchase real estate as local residents. There are minor restrictions due to international treaties, as well as restrictions on the purchase of agricultural and strategic land, national park land, as well as real estate objects of historical and cultural value.

Foreigners are most interested in real estate on the Black Sea coast, in the capital and in ski resorts. Here, the minimum cost for 1 m 2 is about 800 €.

To avoid any misunderstandings during your stay in Romania and enjoy your vacation, tourists should follow some rules of conduct adopted in the country. The basic rule, as in many European countries, is smoking ban in public places and transport, including the railroad.

Fans of photographic art should remember that in Romania bridges and ports are strategic objects, so they should never be photographed.

In restaurants and cafes, it is customary to leave a tip in the amount of 10% of the cost of the check.

Chemicals such as bleach are used as a disinfectant for tap water. Such water, of course, cannot be poisoned, but it is unsuitable for drinking, and can also cause allergic reactions on sensitive skin when washing. But water in mountain springs and wells in the Carpathians is not only safe and tasty, but also healthy.

Visa information

To visit Romania, citizens of Russia and other CIS countries will need a visa that does not give the right to enter the Schengen countries, despite the fact that Romania is a member of the European Union.

There are 3 types of visas: transit (B), short-term for a period of less than 90 days (C) and multiple long-term (D). To obtain a visa to the embassy, ​​you must provide a passport valid for at least 3 months from the end of the trip to Romania, plus photocopies of the pages of the passport with the personal data of the owner, photographs (2 pcs.), A completed application form, medical insurance and a certificate of employment indicating salary and position. The consular fee is 35 € for registration within 5-10 days, 70 € for an urgent visa.

The Romanian Embassy in Moscow is located at 119285, Moscow, st. Mosfilmovskaya, 64 (tel.: (+7 495) 143-04-24; 143-04-27).

Consulates:

• St. Petersburg, Gorokhovaya st., 4 (tel.: (+7 812) 312-61-41, 335-08-44 344019,
• Rostov-on-Don, st. 7th Line, 18/39 (tel: (+7 863) 253-08-61, 230-29-15, 227-59-25). If you have a Schengen visa, you can make transit trips through the territory of Romania for 5 days without issuing a transit Romanian visa.

Romania is a small country on the Balkan Peninsula with access to the Black Sea. People have settled here for a long time, so culture and traditions have deep roots. The population of Romania, its cuisine and language create a special atmosphere of the country, which is difficult to describe, it must be felt. There are many legends, sights, sun and inexpensive good food. Therefore, tours to Romania today are becoming more and more popular among tourists from Russia and Europe.

Geography

Romania is located in the southeast of Europe and is the largest country in the region. The state borders on Ukraine, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia and Moldova, is 250 km. The area of ​​the country is about 240 sq. km. A line of the southern Carpathians passes through the territory from the very high mountain Romania - Moldovan (2544 m).

The population of Romania is about 20 million people. It is mainly a country of small settlements, the most Big City- the capital of Bucharest with a population of about 2 million people. The rest of the cities are much smaller in size, the five relatively large ones, with a population of about 300 thousand people, include Iasi, Constanta, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara. The urban population accounts for 53% of the total population.

The country has many forests and rivers. The main river is the Danube, its length within the borders of Romania is about one thousand kilometers (one third of the entire length). There are many lakes scattered across the country, formed as a result of melting water in the mountains, they are distinguished by crystal clear water, a large number of freshwater fish and beautiful landscapes around.

Climate

The favorable geographical location is the reason why the weather in Romania is very comfortable for life. The temperate continental climate in the depths of the country is maritime, closer to the coast, which makes it possible to successfully engage in various types of agriculture. The weather in Romania in winter is very mild, the temperature fluctuates around zero degrees, in the mountains it can drop to 10 degrees below zero. In the mountains, the snow cover lasts about 100 days, on the plain about 30-40 days a year. Summer is also very comfortable, the average temperature in July during the day is 23 degrees. A very large number of sunny days, about 200 per year.

Story

The territory of Romania began to be settled 40 thousand years ago, archaeologists find Cro-Magnon sites here. But the actual history of the Romanian ethnos begins around the second century AD, when the Roman legions settled in the territory that historically belonged to the Thracian tribes of the Dacians. These two beginnings became the base of the Romanians. In the 6th century, new peoples began to systematically come to this territory: this is the migration of the Slavs, then the Bulgarians settled here, in the 9th century the Hungarians appeared. All this makes up a complex ethnic, cultural and linguistic mix from which a new nation is formed.

In the 13th century, this territory begins to turn into feudal principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia appear, and the Romanian autonomy of Transylvania exists as part of the Hungarian state. At this time, serfdom was formed, the aristocratic stratum of society was singled out. The boyars accept the supreme power of the Ottoman Empire, which provides protection and control until the middle of the 19th century. The Romanians are making several attempts to throw off the Turkish yoke, uniting with various forces, including Russia. In 1859, a united country appeared, led by Alexander Cuza. He managed to free the peasants, but was overthrown, the throne went to the Prussian governor. And only in 1877, the independence of Romania was proclaimed, which later became a principality under the rule of the sovereign Karol the First.

As a result of the First World War, Romania had a real threat of elimination, it was saved from this by the Russian Empire, as a result, in 1917, Romania gained Transylvania and Bessarabia. In World War II, Romania was on the side of Germany, after the victory of the Soviet Union, part of the territories became part of the USSR, and the rest of the country fell under the protectorate of Soviet power. In 1989, a new history begins, a revolution takes place here, as a result of which the Ceausescu regime fell and a new state appeared - the presidential republic of Romania. Since 2007, the country has joined the European Union, but retains its own currency and its own visa system.

Language

Any nation becomes an independent ethnic group only if it has its own language, and Romania is no exception. The language of the nationality is formed from those dialects used by people living on the territory of the state. refers to and develops at the junction of several language areas. It is related to Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, so knowledge of these languages ​​helps in communicating with Romanians. For 90% of the country's inhabitants, the native language is Romanian, the second most common is Hungarian. In cities, young people everywhere, except for their native language, speak English, but in the outback there may be problems of understanding.

Inhabitants of the country

The population of Romania is ethnically very diverse, which has led to an interesting culture with many influences and borrowings. Gypsies, Hungarians, Muslims, Slavs influenced the formation of the Romanian nation, and all this led to the formation of a kind of integrity. 90% of the population today are Romanians, 6% - the Hungarian diaspora, 3.5% - gypsies. Other ethnic groups represented in small numbers: Ukrainians, Turks, Russians, Germans.

Today, the dynamics of the country's population has decreased, although from 1977 to 1992 the population grew by 500-600 thousand people annually. Since the late 1990s, there has been a negative population trend; today, about 20 million people live in the country. Experts attribute this phenomenon to the opening of borders and a decrease in the economic standard of living. Orthodoxy is the dominant religion, although there is no official faith in the state, but the majority (89%) of the population professes the Christian religion in the Orthodox version, 6% is Protestant and 5% is Catholic.

The average age of a resident of Romania is 40 years, the average life expectancy is 75 years. There are more men at birth than women (ratio - 1.06), and already at the age of 65 there are almost half as many men as women (ratio 0.65).

culture

Numerous nationalities that merged into the Romanian people led to the emergence of an unusual and diverse culture. The country has a very strong folk art and crafts, traditions of embroidery, woodcarving, weaving have a pronounced architecture of Romania was initially formed under the influence of Romanesque traditions, later Byzantine architects had a great influence. In the buildings of Transylvania, borrowings from the Gothic are still clearly visible.

Attractions

Romania is rich in interesting places and sights. The most notable are: built in a mixed style, here you can see the influence of the Baroque, Renaissance and Moorish culture; the Cantacuzino Palace in Bucharest, striking in the luxury and imagination of the architect; the 16th-century Gothic monastery of Mraconia; the medieval fortress of Sighisoara and much more.

The country of Romania is strongly associated with Dracula. The myth of the Transylvanian vampire originated in the 14th century and is a well-selling story today. It is considered the place where Dracula lived, although meticulous historians assure that Vlad the Impaler, who became the prototype of the monster, was only passing through here. But from this the castle does not lose its attractiveness, as it looks very impressive and mysterious. Another castle that is associated with Vlad the Impaler is Poenari Castle, which the count settled in for several years.

In addition to castles in Romania, natural attractions are worthy of attention, these are lakes, forests, valleys and mountains, and, of course, the sea. The city of Constanta on the Black Sea coast combines the possibilities of educational and beach recreation.

Kitchen

The population of Romania is heterogeneous and, accordingly, the cuisine is diverse and original. Here they eat a lot of meat, vegetables and fruits. The most popular dish is sausages, michi or mititei, fried over an open fire and having a spicy taste. Romanians love stews, the most famous of which is the thick and fragrant chorba. From dairy products, cheeses made from sheep's milk, reminiscent of brynza, are famous. Romanians are great masters in baking bread, each bakery will offer fragrant, fresh bread of several varieties.

Rest

The incredible tourist attraction of Romania is due to the fact that it successfully combines opportunities for a wide variety of recreation. The sea, mountains, sights, excellent cuisine - what else does a tourist need?! Tours to Romania are also attractive due to their low price, which is especially important for a budget traveler. Service in the country meets the highest European requirements, and by the degree of hospitality of people bypasses many countries of the Old World.

Practical Information

Time in Romania, as in many regions of Europe, is divided into winter and summer. The transition is carried out at the end of October and at the end of March, respectively. Time in Romania differs by 1 hour from Russia. However, the same can be said about the whole of Eastern Europe.

Prices in Romania are slightly lower than in Europe as a whole, which makes the country especially attractive for tourists. The national currency is in circulation in the country - the Romanian leu, money can be exchanged at any bank. The non-cash system of payment by bank cards is developed mainly in resort regions, in the outback it is better to have cash with you. In Romania, inexpensive and interesting shopping. From here you can bring dry red wines, plum tincture, ceramics, carved wooden boxes, embroidered napkins, tablecloths, blouses with national ornaments.