Population of Bashkortostan. Abstract national composition of the Republic of Bashkortostan Population of Bashkiria by nationality
In Bashkortostan, people of various nationalities live in peace and friendship. Friendship, respect for the culture and customs of each nationality have become the norms of life in our republic. Preserving this relationship between people is our duty to our ancestors.
Bashkirs are the indigenous people of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The name of the republic is based on his name. Unfortunately, during the years of the USSR, insufficient attention was paid to preserving the culture and national identity of the peoples of Russia. Remnants of this have survived to this day. You can often hear from the most prominent politicians the phrase: “We are Russians,” instead of “We are Russians.” Such people forget about all the other nationalities living in Russia, which, of course, is unacceptable. Therefore, in the second half of the 1980s, the movement of the peoples of Russia for national revival began. The Bashkirs did not stand aside either. One of the forms of preserving the culture of the Bashkir people, as well as (note this) all other nationalities living on the territory of the republic, was the holding of kurultai.
The first world kurultai (congress) of Bashkirs was held on June 1-4, 1995 in the city of Ufa and regions of the republic. The Second World Kurultai was held on June 10-11, 2002. Addressing the people of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the delegates of the Second World Kurultai said the following:
We call on all peoples of the Republic of Bashkortostan to further strengthen interethnic trust and harmony, avoiding contradictions and conflicts in relationships, avoiding actions that could aggravate interethnic relations.
We believe in the future of our native Bashkortostan - a common home for all the peoples of the republic!
Population of Bashkortostan. There are different opinions about the number of Bashkirs at the end of the 18th – mid-19th centuries. According to the calculations of the pre-revolutionary scientist V.E. Den, the Bashkirs at the turn of the 18th – 19th centuries numbered only 185 thousand souls of both sexes. F.A. Fielstrup believed that the total number of Bashkirs in 1796 was about 235 thousand people. The number of Bashkirs in 1800 is rounded up by U. X. Rakhmatullin at 184 - 186 thousand and by B. X. Yuldashbaev - about 160 thousand. R. G. Kuzeev gives the figure 250 -275 thousand people, additionally taking into account 30 - 40 thousand Sarts and Ayukins Kalmyks, who by the beginning of the 19th century had mostly dissolved into the Bashkir ethnic environment.
The first half of the 19th century is characterized by further colonization of Bashkortostan, which, along with natural growth, led to an increase in population density. So, in 1811, the Orenburg province was inhabited by about 788 thousand people. In 1822, the male population of the Orenburg province reached 552,227 people. In addition to the Bashkirs in the province there were: Russian peasants - 206,997 people, yasak Tatars, Teptyars and Mishars - 124,675, merchants, townspeople, factory peasants and others not engaged in arable farming - 50,352, retired soldiers, Cossacks and their children - 33,068, Cossacks of the Ural Army - 15274 people.
In 1989, the total number was 3,943,313 people, including Russians - 1,548,291 people or 39.3%. Taking into account the war years, the influx and outflow of the population, the overall demographic growth of the entire population, including the Russian population, should be considered normal.
The dynamics of the number of Bashkirs and Tatars requires careful analysis, especially the noticeable decrease in the number of Bashkirs and, accordingly, the increase in the number of Tatars according to the 1989 census. Where are the roots of this demographic phenomenon? To do this, we should turn to history.
The creation and active functioning of the Bashkir literary language on the basis of the southern and eastern dialects without taking into account the northwestern dialect practically marked the beginning of the differentiation of the Bashkir ethnic group and removed the northwestern Bashkirs from the general direction of cultural and linguistic development.
In 1970 - 1980, an attempt was made in the Bashkir villages of northwestern Bashkortostan to introduce school teaching in the Bashkir literary language and in this way, starting with the younger generation, to revive the Bashkir language in a modern literary form among the Bashkirs who switched to the Tatar language. Teaching in schools in the Bashkir language without taking into account the peculiarities of the northwestern dialect met with discontent and was suspended.
The results of the incorrect national policy in Bashkortostan regarding the northwestern Bashkirs are clearly reflected in the statistics. According to the 1926 census in Bashkortostan, out of 625.8 thousand Bashkirs, 280 thousand (44.7%) called Tatar their native language, in 1939, respectively, out of 671 thousand Bashkirs - 306 thousand (45.6%), in 1959 out of 737,711 people - 309 thousand (41.8%), in 1979 out of 935.9 thousand Bashkirs - 33,000. (more than 28%), in 1989, out of 863.8 thousand people - 216 thousand (about 25%).
The figures for the total number of Bashkirs in 1979 and 1989 are especially indicative of the policy outlined. The number of Bashkirs, without taking into account natural growth, over 10 years decreased by 72.1 thousand people, while in the country as a whole it increased by 78 thousand people or by 5.7%.
The 1926 census shows that in Bashkortostan there were 135,960 (4.3%) Mishars and 23,290 (0.9%) Teptyars. Whether these figures correspond to historical reality or not is unimportant. It is important that these peoples indicated their ethnicity in the census. In the population census of 1939 and subsequent censuses, the Mishars and Teptyars were classified as Tatars. This was a gross violation of the rights of peoples to self-determination. The Mishari differ in language, life and culture from the Tatars, although they are close to them. It is not without reason that among modern Mishars one notices the predominance, in contrast to the Kazan Tatars, of the Pontic anthropological type. Almost all major ethnographers of Russia connected and connect the Mishars with the ancient Finno-Ugric tribe “Meshchera”, who lived in the Middle Oka basin and was subsequently Turkified.
The Teptyars arose as a class at the end of the 17th century. The term “teptyar”, according to A. Z. Asfandiyarov, comes from the Bashkir word “tibeu” - expelled from the community. According to archival sources, in the 18th century, most Teptyars were Bashkirs. Then the Mari, Tatars, Mishars and others gradually joined their ranks. At the beginning of the 20th century. The Teptyars were in the stage of transition from class to ethnic group. The process of formation of the Teptyars as an ethnic group was not completed and was suspended by the turbulent events of 1917.
In recent decades, there has been a decrease in the number of peoples of Bashkortostan. So, from 1970 to 1989. the number of Chuvash decreased by 8129, Mari - by 3870 people, Mordovians - 8822, Udmurts - 4322, Ukrainians - 2015, Belarusians - 947, Germans - 1081 and Jews - 1757 people. The reasons for this are the outflow of the population to their historical homeland (especially Jews to Israel, Germans to Germany, etc.), to new industrial areas, assimilation by larger nations (for example, in mixed marriages, children are usually written Russian) and a reduction in natural growth.
(Rim Yanguzin.)
The population of Ufa, as of December 31, 2016, was 1 125 612 man what's on 4 183 more people compared to the results of 2015. Almost all live in Ufa 28 percent of the population of Bashkortostan. Of the total urban population of the republic, the capital of the republic accounts for about 44 percent.
Among the urban districts of Bashkortostan, population growth is also observed in the cities of Neftekamsk, Oktyabrsky, Sterlitamak.
In 2016, for the first time in the last 29 years, Ufa experienced the highest birth rate - one birth was born in the city 18 165 children. The largest number of births occurs in the Oktyabrsky, Kalininsky and Kirovsky districts. Last year, the birth rate level of 1987 was almost reached—one birth was born in the capital of Bashkortostan 18 767 children.
Today there is an increase in the number of school-age children. This year, children born mainly in 2010 will go to school, and 964 more people than those born in 2009.
The increase in the birth rate since 2000 was to some extent expected, since the number of women of the most active reproductive age (20-29 years) has been steadily increasing since 1998. The potential for population growth in reproductive age has been practically exhausted, since both in the republic and in Ufa, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of women aged 20-29 years. In subsequent years, this will affect the level of migration of young women to Ufa and, as a result, may lead to a decrease in the birth rate.
Along with the increase in the birth rate, at the same time in Ufa there is a tendency for the mortality rate to decrease. So, in 2016 this figure was 12 668 Human. Natural population growth – 5 497 Human. The capital of Bashkortostan retains its position as a leader among million-plus cities in Russia in terms of natural population growth.
IN last years The capital of Bashkortostan, the city of Ufa, was characterized by migration growth. The main source of migration growth for the capital so far remains the regions and cities of the republic - 43 298 people migrated within the republic and the migration increase here for the city in 2016 was 344 person.
In the context of the changed procedure for attracting foreign citizens to work, there was a decrease in the number of foreign citizens entering the city from the CIS countries - minus 1 042 person. The largest decrease in indicators occurred in Uzbekistan, Armenia and Tajikistan. The migration balance with Ukraine in 2016 is positive – a plus 122 person. In international migration with other countries, the largest positive balance is a plus 158 people – equaled with Vietnam.
In the near future, taking into account existing data and forecasts on vital statistics, city fertility support programs will be adjusted.
Over the past nine years, Ufa has maintained its leading position in natural population growth among major cities Russia.
ABSTRACT
in the discipline: "Local History"
On the topic: “National composition of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan”
Ufa-2009
Content
Introduction………………………………………………………………………...3
National composition of the Republic of Bashkortostan……………………….……..4
History of the formation of the anthropological composition of the Bashkirs………………..6
Russians……………………………………………………………………10
Tatars………………………………………………………………………………………….13
Belarusians …………………………………………………………………………………14
Mishari…………………………………………………………………………………………..16
Teptyar……………………………………………………………… …………….16
Kryashens……………………………………………………………….17
Chuvash…………………………………………………………………………………………18
Mari……………………………………………………………………….18
Mordva…………………………………………………………………………………………19
Moldovans………………………………………………………………………..20
Udmurts…………………………………………………………………….21
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………22
List of references……………..……………………………. 23
Introduction
The national composition of the population of Bashkortostan has historically developed during its long-term colonization and as a result of the region’s location on the main routes of long-standing and stable migration flows between the European and Asian parts of the country.
Bashkortostan has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times. Finns-Permyaks, Ugrians, Iranian-speaking tribes lived here, from the 5th century AD. - Turks, to which the Bashkirs belong. From the 16th century The modern national composition of the population began to form. Since the 30s. XVIII century In connection with the economic development of the region, the influx of population increased. Even then, 75 thousand Russians and 42 thousand Tatars, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurts, Mordovians, and Ukrainians lived in the region. In the middle of the 19th century. more than half of the population were Russians (1,300 thousand), followed by Bashkirs (508 thousand), Tatars (98 thousand), Chuvash (58 thousand), Mari (38 thousand). Subsequently, in the course of socio-economic development, the multinational structure of the population (especially during the Soviet period) became more complex.
Currently, representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in the republic, the most numerous are 30, incl. 10 nationalities have a population of more than 5 thousand people.
Multinationality is the most important feature of the structure of the population of the republic, as well as a historically conditioned reality and the most important asset of the republic, the enormous potential for its further development.
National composition of the Republic of Bashkortostan
According to the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan, citizens of more than one hundred nationalities currently live on its territory. The most numerous of them are: Bashkirs (21.91% of the total population of the republic), Tatars (28.42%), Russians (39.27%), Chuvash (3.01%), Mari (2.68%), Ukrainians ( 1.90%), Mordovians (0.81%), Udmurts (0.60%).
Most of the Bashkirs are settled in the southern, southeastern, eastern and northeastern regions of the republic (the so-called Bashkir Trans-Urals). The most homogeneously Bashkir region is the Burzyansky district, where Bashkirs make up 95.3% of the population. They also make up a significant proportion of the population in Abzelilovsky (84.8%), Baymaksky (79.6%), Uchalinsky (75.4%), Ishimbaysky (69.7%) districts. In the central and northern regions, the Bashkirs are somewhat inferior in number to the Russians and Tatars, and in the western and northwestern regions they live almost or not at all: in the Belebeevsky district they make up only 4% of the population, in the Kushnarenkovsky district - 5.5%, in the Sharansky district - 6, 4%.
The bulk of the Tatars, on the contrary, are concentrated in the western and northwestern regions bordering the Republic of Tatarstan. Their percentage gradually decreases when moving from west to east and southeast: 78% in the Kushnarenkovsky district, 75% in the Chekmagushevsky district and only 6.5% in the Ishimbaysky district, 3.1% in the Abzelilovsky district.
Russians are settled quite widely and evenly in the republic. The bulk of them live in cities: in Ufa (54.2% of the city’s population), Beloretsk (72%), Birsk (63.7%), Kumertau (64.7%). There are significantly fewer Russians in rural areas.
The Chuvash are quite compactly settled in the western and northwestern regions: Bizhbulyaksky (37.5%, where they predominate over other ethnic groups), Aurgazinsky (32.2%), Belebeevsky (23.8%).
In the west of the republic, in approximately the same places as the Chuvash, the Mordovians are settled; the territory of its compact settlement is the Fedorovsky district (14.6% of the total population). The Mari inhabit mainly the northern and partly northwestern regions of the republic: Kaltasinsky - 47% of the population (prevail over other ethnic groups), Sharansky - 20.3%, Krasnokamsky - 18.3%. Here are also the districts with the highest share of the Udmurt population: Tatyshlinsky (22.3%), Yanaulsky (13.9%), Kaltasinsky (10.1%).
Of the East Slavic peoples in the republic are represented Ukrainians- about 75 thousand and Belarusians- more than 17 thousand people. Ukrainian immigrants come mainly from the Kyiv, Podolsk, Chernigov and Poltava provinces. They are most compactly settled in the southern and central zones of the region. other peoples In Bashkortostan live: Germans (more than 11 thousand), Georgians (more than 8 thousand), Jews (4.8 thousand), Kazakhs (3.5 thousand), Azerbaijanis (2.4 thousand), Uzbeks (2 ,3 thousand), Armenians (2.3 thousand), Latvians (about 2 thousand), Greeks (1083 people), Moldovans (945 people), Poles (757 people), Tajiks (735 people) , Gypsies (650 people), Bulgarians (509 people).
The population of the republic also includes Estonians, Turkmen, Lithuanians, Kyrgyz, Ossetians, Koreans, Komi, Lezgins, Avars, Dargins, Finns, Komi-Permyaks, Karelians, Buryats, Ingush, Kumyks, Hungarians, Kalmyks, Gagauz - 43 nationalities with a population of up to 51 people. Among other peoples, according to the results of the All-Russian Census of 2002, Ukrainians live in Bashkortostan - 55 thousand 249 people, Belarusians - 17 thousand 117 people, Armenians - 8 thousand 784 people, Germans - 8 thousand 250 people, Uzbeks - 5 thousand 145 people, Azerbaijanis - 5 26 thousand people, Kazakhs - 4 thousand 92 people, Tajiks - 2939 people, Jews - 2367 people, Latvians - 1508 people, Georgians - 1341, Vietnamese - 1204 people, Chechens - 1195, Greeks - 1038, Koreans - 722 people, Turkmens - 701 people, Roma - 684, Poles - 660 people and Yezidis - 577 people. A total of 5 thousand 792 people were single representatives of other national groups. And 4 thousand 366 people did not indicate their nationality in the census questionnaires.
History of the formation of the anthropological composition of the Bashkirs
Indigenous nationality of the region -Bashkirs
. The Bashkirs under their modern name (Bashkort, Bashgyrd, Bashgird, etc.) became known from the 9th century. Most researchers (linguists, historians, ethnographers) divide the word into two parts: bash + court / kurt / kyrd. The initial part of the word is etymologized to mean “head”, “head”, “chief”, and opinions differ in explaining the meaning of the second half of the name. Some interpret this as “bee”, “worm” (kort), others - “circle of people”, “tribe” (kor), others derive it from the verb “to shave (the head)” (kyr+yu), etc. The prevailing point of view is that the ethnonym goes back to the concept of “chief” (bash) + “wolf” (Kurd/gurd from the Turkic-Oguz languages), “wolf-leader”. At the same time, researchers proceed from the fact that the ancient Bashkirs, like a number of other Turkic peoples (for example, Turkmens, ancient Turks), worshiped the wolf as one of the main totems - tribal deities.
Their total number in the USSR, according to the 1989 population census, was 1 million 449.1 thousand people, of which 1 million 345.3 thousand were on the territory of Russia. The bulk of the Bashkirs (863.8 thousand, or 59.6%) are concentrated on their ethnic territory. Outside the republic they live in Chelyabinsk (161.2 thousand), Orenburg (53.8 thousand), Perm (52.3 thousand), Sverdlovsk (41.5 thousand), Kurgan (17.5 thousand) , Tyumen (41.1 thousand) regions, Kazakhstan (41.3 thousand), Uzbekistan (34.8 thousand), Tatarstan (19.1 thousand), etc. The total number of Bashkirs in Bashkortostan according to the results of the 2002 All-Russian Census year is over 1 million 221 thousand people.
About 4 million people live in Bashkortostan, who, according to the national language classification, belong to: Altai
(Bashkirs, Tatars, Chuvash, Kazakhs), Indo-European (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Jews, Moldovans, Armenians, Latvians) and Ural
(Mari, Mordovians, Udmurts) language families. The structure of beliefs of these peoples presents a complex picture. Two world religions are most widespread among the believing population - Islam
(Sunni) and Christianity
(Orthodoxy). The adherents of Islam are the Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, the majority of Tatars, Kazakhs, and a small part of the Chuvash. Orthodoxy is professed by the overwhelming majority of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian believers; it is widespread among the believing Chuvash, Mari, Mordovians, Udmurts, and some Tatars. The Finno-Ugric peoples and Chuvash also have distinctive forms of pre-Christian religious views: by attending church and honoring Christ, they worship their many gods and spirits. Russians (Orthodoxy, Old Believers), Ukrainians and Belarusians (Orthodox, Catholics), Turkic-speaking Tatars (Muslims - Sunnis, Kryashens) and Chuvash (dual believers who observe pagan rituals in Christianity, Muslims) also adhere to different directions of beliefs.
In the Urals, ancient Bashkir tribes appeared, judging by written sources, in 9th century This is evidenced by the messages of Ibn-Rust, al-Balkhi related to IX-XI centuries About the "Turkic people called Bashgord" who lived in X century in the Volga-Ural interfluve, reported the Arab traveler Ahmed ibn Fadlan. The Bashkirs came to the Urals as an established ancient people with a distinctive culture and language. In the new territory, they entered into relationships with the aboriginal Finno-Ugric and Sarmatian-Alan populations and, as a more numerous nationality, assimilated a significant part of them.
The Finno-Ugric peoples had a certain impact on the national image of the Bashkirs. From the end XVII and especially in XVIII centuries In connection with the construction of fortified cities and factory cities, a Russian population appeared on the Bashkir lands: the Ural Cossack army, working people, free peasant settlers - who had a significant impact on the economy and material culture of local residents.
IN X-beginning XIII centuries Basically, the western part of the Bashkirs was politically dependent on the Volga Bulgaria. The beginning of the penetration of Islam into their environment, spread by missionaries from Central Asia and Bulgaria, dates back to this time. IN 1236 Bashkiria was conquered by the Mongols and became part of the early feudal state - the Golden Horde. At the end XIII- beginning XIV centuries it collapsed, and a number of feudal khanates were formed on its ruins. The Bashkirs found themselves divided between the Nogai Horde, the Kazan and Siberian Khanates, although the political influence of the latter was not decisive.
For Bashkiria XV- first half XVI centuries The main political factor was Nogai domination. In the first half XVI century The Nogai Khanate split into two hordes: the Greater and the Lesser. Bashkiria remained under the rule of the Great Nogai Horde. In the middle XVI century Prince Ismail recognized himself as a vassal of the Russian state, which made it possible for the Bashkirs to finally free themselves from the yoke of the Nogai Murzas and princes, Kazan and Siberian khans and become part of the Russian state.
The annexation of Bashkiria to the Russian state continued from 1553-1554 before 1557 The first to join it were the western and northwestern Bashkirs, whose lands were later called the Kazan Road. Then the population of the central, southern and southeastern parts of the region accepted Russian citizenship. Subsequently, this area was called the Nogai Road. The northeastern and trans-Ural Bashkirs remained under the rule of the Siberian Khanate. They finally became subjects of Russia only after the complete defeat of the kingdom of Kuchum.
By accepting the Bashkirs as its subjects, the Russian state took upon itself to protect them from raids and robberies of neighboring tribes and peoples, and guaranteed their land rights. The Bashkirs undertook to pay tribute, perform military service (at their own expense), participate in military campaigns, and protect the southeastern borders of Russia from raids by nomads. At first, the Russian authorities did not interfere in internal governance and did not persecute the beliefs, customs and rituals of the Bashkirs. On the contrary, Ivan the Terrible won hitherto unprecedented popularity among the indigenous population as a “kind” and “merciful” king. He gave letters of grant to the Bashkirs because, in the conditions of a brutal struggle with the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, the interests of the state dictated this.
At the end XVIII- first half XIX centuries the main territory inhabited by the Bashkirs was part of the Orenburg province. IN 1798 In Bashkiria, a cantonal system of government was introduced, which, with minor changes, existed until 1865 An irregular army was formed from the Bashkir and Mishar population, whose main duty was to guard the Orenburg border line. IN 1865 The Orenburg province was divided into two: Orenburg and Ufa. The latter included Belebeevsky, Birsky, Menzelinsky, Sterlitamak, Ufa, and Zlatoust districts. Administrative-territorial division undertaken in 1865, remained unchanged until 1919
A few days after the socialist revolution - November 15, 1917 The territories of the Orenburg, Ufa, Perm, Samara provinces, inhabited by Bashkirs, were proclaimed by the Bashkir Regional Council (Shuro) as an autonomous part of the Russian Republic. The "government of autonomous Bashkortostan" was formed. However, subsequent events did not allow the plan to be realized. In March 1919 The “Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria” was signed, which formalized the formation of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
The Bashkir Republic was formed within Minor Bashkiria as a federal part of the RSFSR. 13 cantons were created. Its center was the village of Temyasovo, from August 1919 government offices were located in Sterlitamak. As part of the Ufa province in 1919 there were districts: Ufa, Belebeevsky, Birsky, Menzelinsky, part of Zlatoust and Sterlitamak districts. Based on the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 14, 1922 The Ufa province was abolished and its districts were included in the Bashkir Republic with its capital in Ufa. Modern borders were established in 1926 In October 1990 The Supreme Council of Bashkortostan proclaimed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Republic.
Today Bashkortostan is a multinational republic. And the indigenous Bashkirs make up 21.91% of the total population of the republic.
Russians
Another numerous people of the republic - Russians. Their language is part of the East Slavic group of Indo-European languages. By their origin, Russians are related to East Slavic tribes. Some non-Slavic peoples, who have long lived in the current territory of the European part of Russia, also took part in their formation.
IN XVI-XVII centuries Russians began to populate the Lower Volga region, the Urals, North Caucasus and Siberia, in XVIII-XIX centuries- settle in the Baltic states, the Black Sea region, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Kazakhstan and the Far East. Population census 1989 took into account more than 1 million 548 thousand Russians in the republic, constituting 39.3% of the population of Bashkortostan. The Russian population is distributed throughout the territory of Bashkortostan everywhere, but unevenly. It is most concentrated in the southern, northeastern and central zones. In the western, northwestern and Ural regions, its share in the population structure is relatively low. The absolute majority of Russians (83.02%) live in urban areas. In rural areas they make up less than 17%.
The settlement of Bashkiria by Russians began mainly with XVII century, although the first Russian people appeared in the region already in the 16th century, after its annexation to the Russian state. IN 1574 Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible “to protect them (the Bashkirs) from the attacks of neighboring predatory peoples, built a fortress inside Bashkiria on the banks of the Belaya River and placed protective guards in it.” The Streltsy, who founded the fortress-city of Ufa, were the first Russian people on Bashkir soil. By order of the tsarist government, other fortified settlements began to appear: in 1645- Menzelinsk, in 1663- Birsk. Around the same time, the Zakamsk line of fortifications was built. The systematic settlement by Russians of vast areas of the newly annexed region begins. The resettlement of Russians to the region occurred not only as a result of government colonization, but also due to the fugitive serfs and draft population. Northwestern Bashkiria was populated by palace peasants from the Kazan district and Kungur region. Towards the middle XVII century The villages of Chelny, Latkinskoe ("Maslennyi Mys izh") and Bolshiye Shilny, the villages of Orlovka, Nizhnie Kuvaty, Mazino and others arose here.
Fishing along the rivers Kama, Ik, Menzelya, Belaya (lower reaches) and the land adjacent to them were given “as rent from the treasury” to Savvo-Storozhvsky ( since 1654), Bogorodsky and Kostroma, Epiphany ( since 1657) monasteries. On lands granted to monasteries ( in 1651 Bashkir lands were granted to the Ufa Assumption Monastery; On the patrimonial lands of the Bashkirs, the Dalmatov and Raphael monasteries grew), the Duvanen and Voznesenskoe Monasteries ("Chesnokovka also") were formed, the village of Eltemir (on the Chelny River), etc., which, of course, were places of concentration of the Russian population. Eastern (Trans-Ural) Bashkiria was settled by peasants from the Kungur region and Western Siberia.
At the end XVII century in the Kataysky and Kolchedansky forts founded by the Russians, the Aramilskaya, Okunevskaya, Beloyarskaya, Chumlyatskaya, Kamyshlovskaya, Novopeschanskaya and Bagaryatskaya settlements, there were more than 1.4 thousand households with a population of 4.6 thousand male souls. The settlers were classified as one of the categories of peasants: quitrent, palace, monastic, black-sown (state) peasants. South of Bashkiria from the end XVII century began to be settled by people from the Yaik Cossacks. Somewhat later, several dozen fortresses and cities appeared on the southeastern and southwestern borders, populated by military service people and forming the Orenburg fortified line. At the same time, the Orenburg Cossack army was formed, the number of which by the end XVIII century reached more than 21 thousand male souls.
The influx of Russian population especially increases with XVIII century in connection with the construction of plants: Voskresensky ( 1736), Preobrazhensky ( 1750), Kananikolsky ( 1751), Bogoyavlensky ( 1752), Arkhangelsk ( 1753), Verkhne-Avzyanopetrovsky ( 1755), Blagoveshchensky, Nizhne-Avzyanopetrovsky ( 1756), Nizhne-Troitsky ( 1760), Beloretsky ( 1762), Uzyansky ( 1777) etc. Only for 1747-1795, between the second and fifth revisions, more than 94 thousand male peasants moved from Voronezh, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Simbirsk, Perm provinces, including 30 thousand Russians, 20 thousand Tatars, 19 thousand Mordvins, 18 .5 thousand - Chuvash and more than 7 thousand male souls - “baptized Gentiles”.
In the last century, resettlement to Bashkiria intensified. During the first half alone, the population of the Orenburg Territory increased 2.5 times. IN 1824 state-owned peasants from land-poor provinces were allowed to move to the Orenburg region and beyond 1824-1827 About 12 thousand people took advantage of this right.
By the beginning of the century, Russians became the most numerous people in Bashkiria. IN 1912-1913 876.5 thousand Russian peasants lived in the rural areas of the Ufa province alone. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the number of Russians reached 1281 thousand. The number of Russians in the republic is not decreasing: in 1970- 1546.3 thousand, 1979- 1547.9 thousand and in 1989- 1548.3 thousand. The total number of Russians in Bashkortostan, according to the results of the All-Russian census of 2002, is over one million 490 thousand people.
Russians predominate in the old cities - Ufa, Birsk, Belebey, Sterlitamak. In relatively new cities their share is much lower (Baymak, Uchaly, Sibay, etc.).
Tatars
1120.7 thousand people live in Bashkortostan. Tatars. Just like Russians, Tatars are not an indigenous population. They were formed within the Middle Volga and Lower Kama regions. Their resettlement to the east, including to the territory of modern Bashkortostan, began in the second half 16th century.
There are mainly two theories about the origin of the Tatars. According to the first, known as the Bulgar (N. Karamzin, I. Berezin, V. Grigoriev, K. Nasyri, N. Chernyshevsky, etc.), the ancestors of the Volga (Kazan) Tatars descended from the Bulgars.
The second version, which arose almost simultaneously with the first, links the origin of the Volga (Kazan) Tatars with the Tatars of the Golden Horde and, through them, with the Tatar-Mongols XIII century S. M. Solovyov, G. I. Peretyatkovich, A. N. Ashmarin, M. N. Pokrovsky and others believed that the Kazan Tatars are direct descendants of the Golden Horde Tatar conquerors who destroyed Volga Bulgaria. The Golden Horde hypothesis of the origin of the Tatars has its supporters among scientists of various directions.
Tatars mainly have a dark and light Caucasian appearance. The dark Caucasian (Pontic) type is represented in 40% of Kazan Tatars, 60% of Mishars and up to 15% of baptized Tatars. The light Caucasoid type is characteristic of 20% of the Volga Tatars, 20% of the Mishars and 44% of the Kryashens. In addition, one can also distinguish the sublapoid or Ural (Volga-Kama) type and the Mongoloid (South Siberian) type, characteristic of the Tatars of the Golden Horde, preserved among a number of Turkic-speaking peoples (including some of the Bashkirs in the southeast of the region). In terms of the degree of expression of Caucasoid and Mongoloid characteristics, the Tatars of the Volga region and the Urals are between the Uzbeks and the Gagauz.
The total number of Tatars in Bashkortostan according to the results of the 2002 All-Russian Census is over 990 thousand people, and during the 2002 census, for the first time since 1926, data was obtained on the number of people who called themselves Kryashens, which in Bashkortostan amounted to 4.5 thousand people.
Belarusians
Belarusians (self-name) are part of the East Slavic population of the Primorsky Territory. Most of the Belarusians moved to Primorye in 1900-1906, i.e. before the start of the Stolypin reform (10.5% of all migrants of this period). In general, in the pre-revolutionary period they made up 6.8% of the total number of peasant migrants. The bulk of Belarusians moved to the region at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. These were mainly people from Vitebsk, Grodno, Mogilev and Minsk provinces. They settled in compact groups in the foothills of Sikhote-Alin and other taiga regions of the region, that is, in the forest areas familiar to them: in the villages of Voznesenka, Voznesensky volost; Nikolaevka, Ivanovo volost; and other volosts.
Belarusians, together with Russians and Ukrainians, belong to the Eastern Slavs. According to the most common concept of the origin of the Belarusians, the ancient tribes that lived on the ethnic territory of the Belarusians - Dregovichi, Krivichi, Radimichi - as part of Kievan Rus, together with other East Slavic tribes, consolidated into the Old Russian nationality. (There is also a point of view about the independent way of forming Belarusians from tribal formations.). In the 13-14 centuries, during the era of political fragmentation, the western lands of the Old Russian state became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, within which the formation of the Belarusians took place. The specific features of the Belarusians were formed on the basis of the regional characteristics of the ancient Russian community. Important ethnic-forming factors were the relatively high economic and cultural level of the East Slavic population, its large number and compact settlement. The language factor played a big role. The Western dialect of the Old Russian language - Old Belarusian - served as the state language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; printing appeared in it in the 16th century.
The Belarusian ethnic community took shape in the 14th-16th centuries. The name Belarusians, Belarusians, goes back to the toponym Belaya Rus, which in the 14th-16th centuries was used in relation to the Vitebsk region and the northeast of the Mogilev region, and in the 19th - early 20th centuries it already covered almost the entire ethnic territory of the Belarusians. In the 14-16 centuries, the western part of the future Minsk and Vitebsk provinces, the Grodno region (excluding the Brest region) was called Black Russia, and the southern swampy and wooded plain was called Polesie. The form of the modern name - Belarusians - arose in the 17th century. At the same time, a name appeared for the Belarusian-Ukrainian population - Poleshuki. At the same time, the ethnonyms Litvins, Rusyns, and Rus existed. As a self-name, the ethnonym Belarusians became widespread only after the formation of the Belarusian SSR (1919).
The formation of the Belarusian ethnic community took place in the context of confessional contradictions between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, polonization during the era of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russification within Russia, to which the Belarusian lands were transferred as a result of the three partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795). By the end of the 17th century, the ancient Belarusian language was forced out of public life by Polish. Publications in the literary Belarusian language, created on the basis of living colloquial speech, appeared only in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The very fact of the existence of Belarusians as an independent ethnic community was called into question; they tried to present Belarusians as part of the Russians or Poles. As a result of confessional disunity, the politics of the church and the state, the self-awareness of Belarusians was often replaced by the idea of confessional affiliation. They often called themselves “Catholics” or “Orthodox”, and often “Tuteishi”, i.e. local. At the end of the 19th century, the process of forming the national identity of Belarusians intensified. The total number of Belarusians in Bashkortostan according to the results of the 2002 All-Russian Census is over 17 thousand 117 people.
Mishari
Another ethnographic group of Tatars of the Middle Volga region and the Urals - mishari. There is no reliable information about the beginning of the resettlement of the Mishars to Bashkiria, but many scientists are unanimous that they are “the first and oldest of the settlers.” The Mishars of Bashkiria are mostly from the central provinces of Russia (Simbirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Penza). Moreover, their migration to the Bashkir lands was very intensive. IN 1738, according to V.M. Cheremshansky, there were 1,530 Meshcheryak households in the Orenburg region. In the Ufa province in 1879 there were more Mishars than Tatars, 138.9 thousand and 107.3 thousand respectively. The population census conducted in 1926, was the last one in which the Mishars were counted separately from the Tatars. Then there were 136 thousand people. Next pre-war census 1939 and the 2002 census counted them among the Tatars.
Teptyar
An ethnographic group was formed from the multilingual and multi-tribal alien population - Tatars, Mishars, Maris, Chuvashs, Mordovians and partly Bashkirs - Teptyari
etc.................
About 4 million people live in Bashkortostan, who, according to the national language classification, belong to: Altai (Bashkirs, Tatars, Chuvash, Kazakhs), Indo-European (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Jews, Moldovans, Armenians, Latvians) and Ural (Mari , Mordovians, Udmurts) language families. The structure of beliefs of these peoples presents a complex picture. The two world religions that are most widespread among the believing population are Islam (Sunni) and Christianity (Orthodoxy). The adherents of Islam are the Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, the majority of Tatars, Kazakhs, and a small part of the Chuvash. Orthodoxy is professed by the overwhelming majority of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian believers; it is widespread among the believing Chuvash, Mari, Mordovians, Udmurts, and some Tatars. The Finno-Ugric peoples and Chuvash also have distinctive forms of pre-Christian religious views: by attending church and honoring Christ, they worship their many gods and spirits. Russians (Orthodoxy, Old Believers), Ukrainians and Belarusians (Orthodox, Catholics), Turkic-speaking Tatars (Muslims - Sunnis, Kryashens) and Chuvash (dual believers who observe pagan rituals in Christianity, Muslims) also adhere to different directions of beliefs.
In the Urals, ancient Bashkir tribes appeared, judging by written sources, in 9th century This is evidenced by the messages of Ibn-Rust, al-Balkhi related to IX-XI centuries About the "Turkic people called Bashgord" who lived in X century in the Volga-Ural interfluve, reported the Arab traveler Ahmed ibn Fadlan. The Bashkirs came to the Urals as an established ancient people with a distinctive culture and language. In the new territory, they entered into relationships with the aboriginal Finno-Ugric and Sarmatian-Alan populations and, as a more numerous nationality, assimilated a significant part of them.
The Finno-Ugric peoples had a certain impact on the national image of the Bashkirs. From the end XVII and especially in XVIII centuries In connection with the construction of fortified cities and factory cities, a Russian population appeared on the Bashkir lands: the Ural Cossack army, working people, free peasant settlers - who had a significant impact on the economy and material culture of local residents.
IN X-beginning XIII centuries Basically, the western part of the Bashkirs was politically dependent on the Volga Bulgaria. The beginning of the penetration of Islam into their environment, spread by missionaries from Central Asia and Bulgaria, dates back to this time. IN 1236 Bashkiria was conquered by the Mongols and became part of the early feudal state - the Golden Horde. At the end XIII- beginning XIV centuries it collapsed, and a number of feudal khanates were formed on its ruins. The Bashkirs found themselves divided between the Nogai Horde, the Kazan and Siberian Khanates, although the political influence of the latter was not decisive.
For Bashkiria XV- first half XVI centuries The main political factor was Nogai domination. In the first half XVI century The Nogai Khanate split into two hordes: the Greater and the Lesser. Bashkiria remained under the rule of the Great Nogai Horde. In the middle XVI century Prince Ismail recognized himself as a vassal of the Russian state, which made it possible for the Bashkirs to finally free themselves from the yoke of the Nogai Murzas and princes, Kazan and Siberian khans and become part of the Russian state.
The annexation of Bashkiria to the Russian state continued from 1553-1554 before 1557 The first to join it were the western and northwestern Bashkirs, whose lands were later called the Kazan Road. Then the population of the central, southern and southeastern parts of the region accepted Russian citizenship. Subsequently, this area was called the Nogai Road. The northeastern and trans-Ural Bashkirs remained under the rule of the Siberian Khanate. They finally became subjects of Russia only after the complete defeat of the kingdom of Kuchum.
By accepting the Bashkirs as its subjects, the Russian state took upon itself to protect them from raids and robberies of neighboring tribes and peoples, and guaranteed their land rights. The Bashkirs undertook to pay tribute, perform military service (at their own expense), participate in military campaigns, and protect the southeastern borders of Russia from raids by nomads. At first, the Russian authorities did not interfere in internal governance and did not persecute the beliefs, customs and rituals of the Bashkirs. On the contrary, Ivan the Terrible won hitherto unprecedented popularity among the indigenous population as a “kind” and “merciful” king. He gave letters of grant to the Bashkirs because, in the conditions of a brutal struggle with the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, the interests of the state dictated this.
At the end XVIII- first half XIX centuries the main territory inhabited by the Bashkirs was part of the Orenburg province. IN 1798 In Bashkiria, a cantonal system of government was introduced, which, with minor changes, existed until 1865 An irregular army was formed from the Bashkir and Mishar population, whose main duty was to guard the Orenburg border line. IN 1865 The Orenburg province was divided into two: Orenburg and Ufa. The latter included Belebeevsky, Birsky, Menzelinsky, Sterlitamak, Ufa, and Zlatoust districts. Administrative-territorial division undertaken in 1865, remained unchanged until 1919
A few days after the socialist revolution - November 15, 1917 The territories of the Orenburg, Ufa, Perm, Samara provinces, inhabited by Bashkirs, were proclaimed by the Bashkir Regional Council (Shuro) as an autonomous part of the Russian Republic. The "government of autonomous Bashkortostan" was formed. However, subsequent events did not allow the plan to be realized. In March 1919 The “Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria” was signed, which formalized the formation of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
The Bashkir Republic was formed within Minor Bashkiria as a federal part of the RSFSR. 13 cantons were created. Its center was the village of Temyasovo, from August 1919 government offices were located in Sterlitamak. As part of the Ufa province in 1919 there were districts: Ufa, Belebeevsky, Birsky, Menzelinsky, part of Zlatoust and Sterlitamak districts. Based on the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 14, 1922 The Ufa province was abolished and its districts were included in the Bashkir Republic with its capital in Ufa. Modern borders were established in 1926
In October 1990 The Supreme Council of Bashkortostan proclaimed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Republic.
In using the term "indigenous nationality", "indigenous population", the authors adhere to the definition adopted by the United Nations, which includes four main elements: pre-existence (that is, the inhabitants in question are the descendants of people who inhabited an area before the arrival of another settlement); non-dominant position; cultural differences and consciousness of belonging to the indigenous population. The non-Bashkir population of Bashkiria, as will be shown later, were migrants to the Bashkir region after its annexation to the Russian state.
|
population of bashkortostan
The population of the republic according to Rosstat is 4 071 987
people (2015). Population density - 28,49
people/km2 (2015). Urban population - 61,69
% (2015).
- 1 Demographics
- 2 National composition
- 3 Language skills
- 4 General map
- 5 See also
- 6 Notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 Links
Demography
| Population | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1926 | 1928 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 |
| 2 665 836 | ↗2 759 000 | ↗3 341 609 | ↗3 818 075 | ↗3 848 627 | ↗3 950 482 | ↘3 941 321 | ↗3 962 282 |
| 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
| ↗3 987 884 | ↗4 022 150 | ↗4 037 178 | ↗4 062 622 | ↗4 084 473 | ↗4 098 089 | ↗4 107 790 | ↗4 117 545 |
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↗4 119 810 | ↘4 115 176 | ↘4 104 336 | ↘4 102 274 | ↘4 092 312 | ↘4 078 807 | ↘4 063 409 | ↘4 050 989 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| ↗4 052 731 | ↗4 057 292 | ↗4 072 292 | ↘4 072 085 | ↘4 064 245 | ↘4 060 957 | ↗4 069 698 | ↗4 071 987 |
1 000 000 2 000 000 3 000 000 4 000 000 5 000 000 1928 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
| Fertility (number of births per 1000 population) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 16,6 | ↘16,5 | ↗17,6 | ↗19,9 | ↘16,1 | ↘11,2 | ↘11,0 | ↘10,7 | ↗10,8 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘10,0 | ↗10,1 | ↗10,4 | ↗11,1 | ↗11,1 | ↗11,2 | ↘10,8 | ↗11,1 | ↗12,7 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↗13,4 | ↗13,7 | ↗14,0 | ↘13,7 | ↗14,5 | ↗14,6 | ↗14,9 | ||
| Mortality rate (number of deaths per 1000 population) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 7,3 | ↗8,3 | ↗9,4 | ↗10,1 | ↘9,6 | ↗12,7 | ↘12,1 | ↘12,0 | ↘11,8 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↗12,8 | ↗13,0 | ↗13,4 | ↗14,1 | ↗14,2 | ↘14,1 | ↗14,2 | ↘13,6 | ↗13,6 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↗13,7 | ↘13,1 | ↗13,4 | ↗13,4 | ↘13,1 | ↗13,2 | ↗13,2 | ||
| Natural population growth (per 1000 population, sign (-) means natural population decline) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 9,3 | ↘8,2 | ↗8,2 | ↗9,8 | ↘6,5 | ↘-1,5 | ↗-1,1 | ↘-1,3 | ↗-1,0 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘-2,8 | ↘-2,9 | ↘-3,0 | ↗-3,0 | ↘-3,1 | ↗-2,9 | ↘-3,4 | ↗-2,5 | ↗-0,9 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↗-0,3 | ↗0,6 | ↗0,6 | ↘0,3 | ↗1,4 | ↗1,4 | ↗1,7 | ||
| Life expectancy at birth (number of years) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 70,5 | ↘70,0 | ↘68,6 | ↘66,1 | ↘65,3 | ↗66,2 | ↗67,0 | ↗67,6 | ↗68,0 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘67,0 | ↘66,7 | ↘66,6 | ↘66,1 | ↗66,1 | ↗66,3 | ↗66,5 | ↗67,5 | ↗67,8 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||
| ↗68,0 | ↗69,0 | ↘68,9 | ↗69,0 | ↗69,3 | ↗69,6 | |||
27% of the population lives in Ufa and the adjacent Ufa region (2002). The least densely populated areas are Zilairsky (3 people/km²), Beloretsky (3.7 people/km²) and Burzyansky districts (4 people/km²). The highest density of the rural population is observed in the Ufa (37 people/km²), Karmaskalinsky (30 people/km²), Chishminsky (29 people/km²) and Tuymazinsky (27 people/km²) districts.
According to the preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census:
- Urban population - 2,461.5 thousand people;
- Rural population - 1,610.6 thousand people;
- The share of the urban population is 60.4%;
- The share of the rural population is 39.6%;
| Years | Bashkirs | Russians | Tatars | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 17,9 | 15,4 | 18,3 | 17,2 |
| 1985 | 22,1 | 16,0 | 23,8 | 19,9 |
| 1987 | 26,0 | 16,7 | 19,9 | 20,9 |
| 1989 | 23,5 | 13,7 | 18,7 | 17,8 |
| 1990 | 21,8 | 12,2 | 16,9 | 16,1 |
| 1991 | 20,2 | 11,1 | 15,2 | 14,6 |
| 1993 | 14,9 | 9,1 | 11,6 | 11,6 |
The age structure of the population, compared to the Russian average, maintains an increased proportion of young people (18% compared to 16% on average for the country) with a reduced proportion of older people (19 and 21%, respectively), although a general trend of aging is still observed.
National composition
Dynamics of the ethnic composition of the population of Bashkiria according to the population censuses of 1926-2010:
| 1926 | % | 1939 | % | 1959 | % | 1979 | % | 1989 | % | 2002 | % from Total |
% from indicating- shih national nal- ness |
2010 | % from Total |
% from indicating- shih national nal- ness |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2665346 | 100,00 % | 3158969 | 100,00 % | 3341609 | 100,00 % | 3844280 | 100,00 % | 3943113 | 100,00 % | 4104336 | 100,00 % | 4072292 | 100,00 % | ||
| Russians | 1064707 | 39,95 % | 1281347 | 40,56 % | 1418147 | 42,44 % | 1547893 | 40,26 % | 1548291 | 39,27 % | 1490715 | 36,32 % | 36,36 % | 1432906 | 35,19 % | 36,05 % |
| Bashkirs | 625845 | 23,48 % | 671188 | 21,25 % | 737711 | 22,08 % | 935880 | 24,34 % | 863808 | 21,91 % | 1221302 | 29,76 % | 29,79 % | 1172287 | 28,79 % | 29,49 % |
| Tatars | 461871 | 17,33 % | 777230 | 24,60 % | 768566 | 23,00 % | 940436 | 24,46 % | 1120702 | 28,42 % | 990702 | 24,14 % | 24,16 % | 1009295 | 24,78 % | 25,39 % |
| Kryashens | 37 | 0,00 % | 4510 | 0,11 % | 0,11 % | 3801 | 0,09 % | 0,10 % | ||||||||
| Mishari | 135960 | 5,10 % | 93 | 0,00 % | 0,00 % | |||||||||||
| Teptyari | 23290 | 0,87 % | ||||||||||||||
| Chuvash | 84886 | 3,18 % | 106892 | 3,38 % | 109970 | 3,29 % | 122344 | 3,18 % | 118509 | 3,01 % | 117317 | 2,86 % | 2,86 % | 107450 | 2,64 % | 2,70 % |
| Mari | 79298 | 2,98 % | 90163 | 2,85 % | 93902 | 2,81 % | 106793 | 2,78 % | 105768 | 2,68 % | 105829 | 2,58 % | 2,58 % | 103658 | 2,55 % | 2,61 % |
| Ukrainians | 76610 | 2,87 % | 92289 | 2,92 % | 83594 | 2,50 % | 75571 | 1,97 % | 74990 | 1,90 % | 55249 | 1,35 % | 1,35 % | 39875 | 0,98 % | 1,00 % |
| Udmurts | 23256 | 0,87 % | 25103 | 0,79 % | 25388 | 0,76 % | 25906 | 0,67 % | 23696 | 0,60 % | 22625 | 0,55 % | 0,55 % | 21477 | 0,53 % | 0,54 % |
| Mordva | 49813 | 1,87 % | 57826 | 1,83 % | 43582 | 1,30 % | 35900 | 0,93 % | 31923 | 0,81 % | 26020 | 0,63 % | 0,63 % | 20300 | 0,50 % | 0,51 % |
| Belarusians | 18281 | 0,69 % | 23761 | 0,75 % | 20792 | 0,62 % | 17393 | 0,45 % | 17038 | 0,43 % | 17117 | 0,42 % | 0,42 % | 11680 | 0,29 % | 0,29 % |
| Armenians | 38 | 0,00 % | 391 | 0,01 % | 1732 | 0,05 % | 1517 | 0,04 % | 2258 | 0,06 % | 8784 | 0,21 % | 0,21 % | 9407 | 0,23 % | 0,24 % |
| Uzbeks | 8 | 0,00 % | 243 | 0,01 % | 534 | 0,02 % | 1386 | 0,04 % | 2282 | 0,06 % | 5145 | 0,13 % | 0,13 % | 7945 | 0,20 % | 0,20 % |
| Germans | 6448 | 0,24 % | 6030 | 0,19 % | 12817 | 0,38 % | 11316 | 0,29 % | 11023 | 0,28 % | 8250 | 0,20 % | 0,20 % | 5909 | 0,15 % | 0,15 % |
| Azerbaijanis | 10 | 0,01 % | 124 | 0,00 % | 772 | 0,02 % | 1103 | 0,03 % | 2373 | 0,06 % | 5026 | 0,12 % | 0,12 % | 5737 | 0,14 % | 0,14 % |
| Kazakhs | 9776 | 0,31 % | 4179 | 0,13 % | 2876 | 0,07 % | 3564 | 0,09 % | 4092 | 0,10 % | 0,10 % | 4373 | 0,11 % | 0,11 % | ||
| Tajiks | 42 | 0,00 % | 292 | 0,01 % | 735 | 0,02 % | 2939 | 0,07 % | 0,07 % | 4127 | 0,10 % | 0,10 % | ||||
| Jews | 2185 | 0,08 % | 3796 | 0,12 % | 7467 | 0,22 % | 5851 | 0,15 % | 4835 | 0,12 % | 2367 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % | 1900 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % |
| Vietnamese | 1 | 0,00 % | 12 | 0,00 % | 1204 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 1337 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | ||||||
| Latvians | 7045 | 0,26 % | 6692 | 0,21 % | 3804 | 0,11 % | 2604 | 0,07 % | 1956 | 0,05 % | 1508 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | 1117 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
| Georgians | 10 | 0,00 % | 300 | 0,01 % | 362 | 0,01 % | 576 | 0,01 % | 811 | 0,02 % | 1341 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 1045 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
| Gypsies | 325 | 0,01 % | 515 | 0,02 % | 255 | 0,01 % | 491 | 0,01 % | 650 | 0,02 % | 684 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 1004 | 0,02 % | 0,03 % |
| Chechens | 2 | 0,00 % | 15 | 0,00 % | 92 | 0,00 % | 241 | 0,01 % | 1195 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 992 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
| Moldovans | 12 | 0,00 % | 62 | 0,00 % | 382 | 0,01 % | 584 | 0,02 % | 945 | 0,02 % | 1069 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 872 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % |
| Yazidis | 577 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 797 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||||||||||
| Turkmens | 3 | 0,00 % | 39 | 0,00 % | 332 | 0,01 % | 441 | 0,01 % | 701 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 783 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
| Koreans | 2 | 0,00 % | 32 | 0,00 % | 203 | 0,01 % | 237 | 0,01 % | 722 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 777 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
| Greeks | 13 | 0,00 % | 68 | 0,00 % | 1466 | 0,04 % | 1099 | 0,03 % | 1083 | 0,03 % | 1038 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 753 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % |
| Poles | 1655 | 0,06 % | 1316 | 0,04 % | 1100 | 0,03 % | 935 | 0,02 % | 757 | 0,02 % | 660 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 504 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % |
| Kyrgyz | 134 | 0,00 % | 155 | 0,00 % | 1171 | 0,03 % | 306 | 0,01 % | 308 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 454 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | ||
| Lezgins | 1 | 0,00 % | 23 | 0,00 % | 104 | 0,00 % | 188 | 0,00 % | 313 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 374 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | ||
| Bulgarians | 3 | 0,00 % | 25 | 0,00 % | 699 | 0,02 % | 548 | 0,01 % | 509 | 0,01 % | 451 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 318 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % |
| Turks | 12 | 0,00 % | 44 | 0,00 % | 23 | 0,00 % | 40 | 0,00 % | 470 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 315 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | ||
| Ingush | 5 | 0,00 % | 26 | 0,00 % | 63 | 0,00 % | 183 | 0,00 % | 0,00 % | 278 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | ||||
| Ossetians | 83 | 0,00 % | 226 | 0,01 % | 379 | 0,01 % | 256 | 0,01 % | 262 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 265 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | ||
| other | 33938 | 6,12 % | 2466 | 0,08 % | 3899 | 0,12 % | 2646 | 0,07 % | 2801 | 0,07 % | 3805 | 0,09 % | 0,09 % | 4409 | 0,11 % | 0,11 % |
| indicated nationality |
2665346 | 100,00 % | 3158020 | 99,97 % | 3341501 | 100,00 % | 3844271 | 100,00 % | 3943091 | 100,00 % | 4099970 | 99,89 % | 100,00 % | 3974720 | 97,60 % | 100,00 % |
| not specified nationality |
0 | 0,00 % | 949 | 0,03 % | 108 | 0,00 % | 9 | 0,00 % | 22 | 0,00 % | 4366 | 0,11 % | 97572 | 2,40 % |
| Years | Total | Bashkirs | Russians | Tatars | Mishari | Teptyari | Kryashens | Chuvash | Mari | Ukrainians | Mordva | Udmurts | Belarusians |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1897 (as of February 9) | 1 991 438 | 899 910 | 834 135 | 184 817 | 20 957 | 39 955 | 39 587 | 60 616 | 80 608 | 4 996 | 37 289 | 22 507 | 505 |
| 1926 (as of December 17) | 2 665 836 | 625 845 | 1 064 707 | 461 871 | 135 960 | 23 290 | 67 | 84 886 | 79 298 | 76 710 | 49 813 | 23 256 | 18 281 |
| 1939 (as of January 17) | 3 158 969 | 671 188 | 1 281 347 | 777 230 | - | - | - | 106 892 | 90 163 | 92 289 | 57 826 | 25 103 | 23 761 |
| 1959 (as of January 15) | 3 336 289 | 737 711 | 1 418 147 | 768 566 | - | - | - | 109 970 | 93 902 | 83 594 | 43 582 | 25 388 | 20 792 |
| 1970 (as of January 15) | 3 814 926 | 892 248 | 1 546 304 | 944 505 | - | - | - | 126 638 | 109 638 | 76 005 | 40 745 | 27 918 | 17 985 |
| 1979 (as of January 17) | 3 844 280 | 935 880 | 1 547 893 | 940 436 | - | - | - | 122 344 | 106 793 | 75 571 | 35 900 | 25 906 | 17 393 |
| 1989 (as of January 12) | 3 943 113 | 863 808 | 1 548 291 | 1 120 702 | - | - | - | 118 509 | 105 768 | 74 990 | 31 923 | 23 696 | 17 038 |
| 2002 (as of October 9) | 4 104 336 | 1 221 302 | 1 490 715 | 990 702 | - | - | 4 510 | 117 317 | 105 829 | 55 249 | 26 020 | 22 625 | 17 117 |
Nations with a population of more than 10 thousand people are listed.
Data from the 1897 census are given for the territory of the Ufa province.
| Adm. unit | Total | Russians | Bashkirs | Tatars | Chuvash | Mari | Mordva | Udmurts | Ukrainians | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bashkortostan | 4 104 336 | 1 490 715 | 1 221 302 | 990 702 | 117 317 | 105 829 | 26 020 | 22 625 | 55 249 | |
| Ufa | 1 049 479 | 530 136 | 154 928 | 294 399 | 10 586 | 9 616 | 3 975 | 811 | 17 772 | 5,556 Belarusians, 2,822 Armenians, 2,219 Germans, 2,082 Jews, 2,075 Azerbaijanis |
| Agidel | 18 721 | 2 771 | 7 806 | 6 681 | 142 | 771 | 36 | 263 | 96 | |
| Baymak city | 17 223 | 3 980 | 12 015 | 882 | 34 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 57 | 87 Armenians, 36 Kazakhs, 35 Uzbeks |
| Belebey with sub. NP | 85 836 | 40 298 | 9 427 | 20 282 | 10 261 | 332 | 1 649 | 168 | 1 978 | 216 Belarusians, 213 Uzbeks, 196 Germans |
| Beloretsk with subordinate NP | 85 247 | 60 926 | 14 775 | 7 122 | 144 | 463 | 105 | 42 | 591 | 173 Chechens, 158 Armenians, 146 Belarusians |
| Birsk | 39 992 | 22 802 | 4 345 | 7 683 | 98 | 4 268 | 17 | 107 | 236 | 118 Armenians |
| Blagoveshchensk | 32 989 | 20 977 | 6 352 | 3 308 | 178 | 1 404 | 46 | 39 | 218 | 134 Armenians |
| Davlekanovo | 23 860 | 11 241 | 5 255 | 4 786 | 271 | 13 | 258 | 5 | 1 430 | 239 Germans, 110 Armenians |
| Dyurtyuli | 29 984 | 2 908 | 6 715 | 19 444 | 68 | 480 | 23 | 43 | 108 | |
| Ishimbay | 70 195 | 36 257 | 19 964 | 10 436 | 756 | 65 | 254 | 26 | 760 | 418 Germans, 235 Belarusians, 202 Azerbaijanis, 157 Uzbeks, 143 Greeks |
| Kumertau with sub. NP | 69 792 | 42 975 | 11 426 | 9 007 | 2 781 | 52 | 507 | 28 | 1 827 | 139 Kazakhs, 136 Armenians, 122 Uzbeks |
| Mezhgorye | 19 082 | 10 715 | 4 980 | 1 633 | 79 | 44 | 62 | 25 | 598 | 116 Belarusians |
| Meleuz city with sub. NP | 63 217 | 31 540 | 17 142 | 9 513 | 2 689 | 81 | 339 | 12 | 1 062 | 117 Azerbaijanis, 116 Armenians, 104 Belarusians |
| Neftekamsk with sub. NP | 129 740 | 37 773 | 36 033 | 39 606 | 421 | 12 173 | 159 | 1 493 | 847 | 212 Armenians, 194 Belarusians, 188 Germans |
| Oktyabrsky | 108 647 | 44 382 | 14 235 | 40 306 | 2 105 | 1 342 | 1 069 | 233 | 1 807 | 462 Armenians, 273 Belarusians, 272 Tajiks, 208 Uzbeks |
| Salavat | 158 600 | 87 266 | 28 062 | 32 214 | 3 481 | 394 | 1 260 | 61 | 3 069 | 637 Belarusians, 335 Germans, 267 Armenians, 226 Uzbeks |
| Sibay | 60 144 | 23 282 | 29 315 | 5 357 | 306 | 72 | 139 | 29 | 583 | 132 Kazakhs, 123 Belarusians |
| Sterlitamak | 264 362 | 131 479 | 41 208 | 60 779 | 13 997 | 541 | 4 964 | 110 | 6 661 | 692 Germans, 649 Azerbaijanis, 621 Belarusians, 560 Armenians, 345 Uzbeks |
| Tuymazy city with sub. NP | 98 544 | 27 310 | 24 894 | 40 225 | 1 787 | 1 603 | 331 | 44 | 918 | 389 Germans, 179 Armenians, 178 Belarusians, 147 Azerbaijanis |
| Uchaly | 40 145 | 11 318 | 21 535 | 6 334 | 100 | 40 | 41 | 26 | 263 | |
| Yanaul | 27 909 | 4 627 | 11 990 | 7 760 | 55 | 1 059 | 12 | 2 067 | 71 |
| Area | Total | Russians | Bashkirs | Tatars | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abzelilovsky | 43 262 | 3 634/ 8,4 % | 38 061 / 87,98 % | 1 025 / 2,37 % | Ukrainians 128 |
| Alsheevsky | 48 398 | 10 661 / 22,03 % | 17 930 / 37,05 % | 16 290 / 33,66 % | Ukrainians 1,774, Chuvash 952 |
| Arkhangelsk | 20 165 | 7 711 / 38,24 % | 9 276 / 46 % | 1 860 / 9,22 % | Chuvash 549, Latvian 369 |
| Askinsky | 23 928 | 2 482 / 10,37 % | 16 959 / 70,88 % | 4 212 / 17,6 % | |
| Aurgazinsky | 38 996 | 2 257 / 5,79 % | 6 748 / 17,3 % | 16 886 / 43,3 % | Chuvash 11,740, Mordovians 458 |
| Baymaksky | 44 214 | 3 714 / 8,4 % | 38 795 / 87,74 % | 1 241 / 2,81 % | |
| Bakalinsky | 32 327 | 6 889 / 21,31 % | 6 276 / 19,41 % | 16 710 / 51,69 % | Chuvash 1,049, Mari 928 |
| Baltachevsky | 24 695 | 486 / 1,97 % | 17 297 / 70,04 % | 3 636 / 14,72 % | Udmurts 515 |
| Belebeevsky | 17 360 | 6 788 / 39,1 % | 2 314 / 13,33 % | 3 306 / 19,04 % | Chuvash 3,637, Mari 425 |
| Belokataysky | 22 623 | 11 346 / 50,15 | 9 836 / 43,48 % | 1 124 / 4,97 % | |
| Beloretsky | 29 087 | 9 344 / 32,12 %, | 18 292 / 62,89 % | 1 042 /3.58 % | |
| Bizhbulyaksky | 27 999 | 3 095 / 11,05 % | 6 009 / 21,46 % | 7 374 / 26,34 % | Chuvash 10,004, Mordovians 1,202 |
| Birsky | 19 883 | 8 722 / 43,87 % | 2 665 / 13,4 % | 1 360 / 6,84 % | Mari 6,823 |
| Blagovarsky | 25 770 | 5 108 / 19,82 % | 12 472 / 48,4 % | 5 955 / 23,11 % | Ukrainians 995, Germans 616, Mari 120, Chuvash 100 |
| Blagoveshchensky | 15 861 | 8 902 / 56,13 % | 3 132 / 19,75 % | 1 643 / 10,36 % | Mari 1 825 |
| Buzdyaksky | 31 178 | 2 218 / 7,11 % | 12 528 / 40,18 % | 15 833 / 50,78 % | Ukrainians 149 |
| Buraevsky | 28 320 | 512 / 1,81 % | 23 045 / 81,37 % | 2 689 / 9,5 % | Udmurts 1,472, Mari 494 |
| Burzyansky | 16 839 | 354 / 2,1 % | 16 277 / 96,66 % | 159 / 0,94 % | |
| Gafuriysky | 36 761 | 8 293 / 22,56 % | 18 325 / 49,85 % | 6 474 / 17,61 % | Chuvash 3,013, Ukrainians 220 |
| Davlekanovsky | 18 278 | 3 875 / 21,2 % | 8 365 /45.77 % | 3 719 / 20,35 % | Chuvash 1,191, Ukrainians 505, Germans 201, Mordovians 171 |
| Duvansky | 32 016 | 2 293 / 63,38 % | 6 457 / 20,17 | 4 249 / 13,27 % | Mordva 526 |
| Dyurtyulinsky | 32 988 | 1 790 / 5,43 % | 16 184 / 49,06 % | 11 397 / 34,55 % | Mari 3 286 |
| Ermekeevsky | 18 205 | 1 922 / 10,56 % | 8 428 / 46,29 % | 3 699 / 20,32 % | Chuvash 2,639, Mordovians 687, Udmurts 534 |
| Zianchurinsky | 30 091 | 4 671 / 15,52 % | 21 516 / 71,5 % | 3 149 / 10,46 % | Chuvash 319 |
| Zilairsky | 18 939 | 7 033 / 37,14 % | 10 555 / 55,73 % | 544 / 2,87 % | Chuvash 563 |
| Iglinsky | 45 392 | 13 659 / 30,09 % | 15 177 / 33,44 % | 3 394 / 7,48 % | Belarusians 6,629, Chuvash 3,432, Ukrainians 1,063, Mari 753, Mordovians 393, Latvians 215 |
| Ilishevsky | 36 281 | 698 / 1,92 % | 29 217 / 80,53 % | 4 958 / 13,67 % | Mari 877, Udmurts 309 |
| Ishimbaysky | 25 910 | 4 293 / 16,76 % | 18 335 / 71,59 % | 1 499 / 5,85 % | Chuvash 1 189 |
| Kaltasinsky | 28 881 | 4 926 / 17,06 % | 3 216 / 11,14 % | 4 568 / 15,82 % | Mari 13,166 (45.6%), Udmurts 2,766 (9.6%) |
| Karaidelsky | 28 294 | 5 729 / 20,25 % | 12 721 / 44,96 % | 8 000 / 28,27 % | Mari 1 612 |
| Karmaskalinsky | 54 585 | 8 767 / 16,06 % | 23 296 / 42,68 % | 15 811 / 28,97 % | Chuvash 5,238, Mordovians 586, Ukrainians 295 |
| Kiginsky | 19 825 | 1 029 / 5,19 % | 8 192 / 41,32 % | 10 306 / 51,98 % | |
| Krasnokamsky | 27 552 | 3 954 / 14,35 % | 9 668 / 35,09 % | 6 176 / 22,42 % | Mari 7 319 |
| Kugarchinsky | 34 203 | 9 560 / 27,95 % | 19 280 / 56,37 % | 3 519 / 10,29 % | Chuvash 637, Mordovian 460 |
| Kuyurgazinsky | 25 587 | 8 491 / 33,18 % | 11 033 / 43,12 % | 3 501 / 13,68 % | Chuvash 1 882 |
| Kushnarenkovsky | 29 344 | 4 152 / 14,15 % | 12 703 / 43,29 % | 11 641 / 39,67 % | Udmurts 299 |
| Meleuzovsky | 26 723 | 10 840 / 40,56 % | 10 948 / 40,97 % | 3 111 / 11,64 % | Chuvash 672 |
| Mechetlinsky | 25 604 | 4 252 / 16,61 % | 14 961 / 58,43 % | 6 052 / 23,64 % | |
| Mishkinsky | 27 099 | 1 779 / 6,56 % | 1 754 / 6,47 % | 4 291 / 15,83 % | Mari 19,137 (70.62%) |
| Miyakinsky | 31 789 | 1 812 / 5,7 % | 14 126 / 44,44 % | 12 116 / 38,11 % | Chuvash 3 090 |
| Nurimanovsky | 21 932 | 4 853 / 22,13 % | 7 526 / 34,32 % | 6 863 / 31,29 % | Mari 2 277 |
| Salavatsky | 28 516 | 2 807 / 9,84 % | 19 091 / 66,95 % | 6 306 / 22,11 % | |
| Sterlibashevsky | 22 007 | 1 237 / 5,62 % | 7 321 / 33,27 % | 12 505 / 56,82 % | Chuvash 589 |
| Sterlitamak | 37 699 | 12 893 / 34,2 % | 8 141 / 21,59 % | 8 138 / 21,59 % | Chuvash 5,190, Ukrainians 1,393, Mordovians 962 |
| Tatyshlinsky | 26 803 | 413 / 1,54 % | 18 770 / 70,03 % | 1 465 / 5,47 % | Udmurts 5,738, Mari 330 |
| Tuymazinsky | 30 923 | 2 684 / 8,68 % | 18 515 / 59,87 % | 8 381 / 27,1 % | Chuvash 585, Germans 140, Mari 138 |
| Ufa | 26 351 | 26 293 / 46,66 % | 7 711 / 13,68 % | 17 926 / 31,81 % | Chuvash 1,357, Ukrainians 916, Mordovians 594, Mari 351 |
| Uchalinsky | 35 649 | 2 821 / 7,91 % | 29 842 / 83,71 % | 2 728 / 7,65 % | |
| Fedorovsky | 19 675 | 4 452 / 22,63 % | 3 476 / 17,67 % | 6 527 / 33,17 % | Chuvash 2,404, Mordovians 2,332 |
| Khaibullinsky | 33 072 | 5 949 / 17,99 % | 25 840 / 78,13 % | 473 / 1,43 % | Ukrainians 357, Chuvash 216 |
| Chekmagushevsky | 33 031 | 586 / 1,77 % | 11 445 / 34,65 % | 19510 / 59,07 % | Chuvash 1,028, Mari 172 |
| Chishminsky | 52 663 | 10 918 / 20,73 % | 9 934 / 18,86 % | 27 889 / 52,96 % | Ukrainians 1,780, Mordovians 980, Chuvash 278 |
| Sharansky | 24 494 | 2 608 / 10,65 % | 7 614 / 31,09 % | 6 675 / 27,25 % | Mari 4,936, Chuvash 2,510 |
| Yanaulsky | 22 861 | 1 197 / 5,24 % | 11 305 / 49,45 % | 3 043 / 13,31 % | Udmurts 4,754, Mari 2,367 |
Language skills
96.4% (2002) of the population of Bashkortostan speaks Russian, Bashkir language speaks 25.75% (2002), Tatar - 34% (2002) of the population.
| State ownership languages of the Republic of Belarus (according to the 2002 census) |
Russians | Bashkirs | Tatars | Chuvash | Mari | Ukrainians | Mordva | Udmurts | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bashkir language | 14765 | 912204 | 109799 | 9126 | 3548 | 556 | 323 | 2921 | 3629 |
| Russian language | 1481250 | 1135714 | 955368 | 114001 | 100308 | 54974 | 25835 | 20662 | n/a |
| Knowledge of other languages: | |||||||||
| English language | 61833 | 36667 | 42146 | 1661 | 1241 | 1936 | 317 | 295 | 3228 |
| Kazakh language | 300 | 2162 | 1792 | 63 | 94 | 35 | - | 11 | 2486 |
| Meadow-Eastern Mari language | 1396 | 3126 | 1512 | 164 | 88605 | 39 | 27 | 432 | 104 |
| German | 1396 | 15198 | 17373 | 1080 | 1053 | 1022 | 259 | 101 | 4374 |
| Tatar language | 21519 | 449207 | 859748 | 22345 | 27330 | 1197 | 919 | 8623 | 5981 |
| Udmurt language | 270 | 1336 | 495 | 8 | 217 | 10 | 9 | 19102 | 28 |
| Ukrainian language | 4285 | 417 | 538 | 81 | 54 | 19726 | 46 | 6 | 566 |
| French | 4119 | 2127 | 2966 | 88 | 196 | 131 | 15 | 9 | 322 |
| Chuvash language | 2400 | 1909 | 2207 | 91050 | 331 | 80 | 353 | 12 | 146 |
General Map
Map legend (when you hover over the marker, the real population is displayed):
Orenburg region Chelyabinsk region Ufa Sterlitamak Salavat Neftekamsk Oktyabrsky Tuymazy Beloretsk Ishimbay Sibay Kumertau Meleuz Belebey Birsk Uchaly Blagoveshchensk Dyurtyuli Yanaul Davlekanovo Chishmy Priyutovo Raevsky Baymak Iglino Mezhgorye Agidel Krasnousolsky Chekmagush Kandra Mesyagutovo Buzdyak Tolbazy Askarovo Askino Arkhangelskoe Bakaly Starobaltachevo Novobelokatay Bizhbulyak Yazykovo Buraevo Starosubkhangulovo Ermekeyevo Isyangulovo Zilair Verkhneyarkeyevo Kaltasy Karaidel Karmaskaly Verkhniye Kigi Nikolo-Beryozovka Mrakovo Kushnarenkovo Bolsheustikinskoye Mishkino Kirgiz-Miyaki Krasnaya Gorka Maloyaz Sterlibashevo Verkhniye Tatyshly Fedorovka Akyar Sharan Aksakovo Buribay Alkino-2 Zirgan Inzer Krasnokholmsky Kudeevsky Pavlovka Pribelsky Semiletka Serafimovsky Subkhankulovo Tirlyansky Ulu-Telyak Energy Yumaguz ino Chesnokovka Populated areas of Bashkortostansee also
- Jews in Bashkortostan
Notes
- 1 2 Resident population estimates as of January 1, 2015 and 2014 average (published March 17, 2015). Retrieved March 18, 2015. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015.
- Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2015 and average for 2014 (published March 17, 2015)
- All-Union Population Census of 1926. M.: Publication of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR, 1928. Volume 9. Table I. Populated areas. Available urban and rural population. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015.
- Statistical reference book of the USSR for 1928.
- All-Union Population Census of 1959. Retrieved October 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013.
- All-Union population census of 1970. The actual population of cities, urban-type settlements, districts and district centers USSR according to census data as of January 15, 1970 for republics, territories and regions. Retrieved October 14, 2013. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013.
- All-Union Population Census 1979
- All-Union population census of 1989. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Resident population as of January 1 (persons) 1990-2010
- All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
- 1 2 1.5. Population of the Republic of Bashkortostan by municipalities as of January 1, 2009
- All-Russian population census 2010. Population by settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Retrieved August 20, 2014. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
- Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
- 1 2 3 4
- 1 2 3 4
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
- Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1926. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1939. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1959. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1979. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Demoscope. All-Union population census of 1989. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- All-Russian Population Census 2002: Population by nationality and Russian language proficiency by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Official website of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
- All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with expanded lists by national composition of the population and by region: see.
- 1 2 3 According to the 1926 census, the Kryashens, Mishars and Teptyars were counted separately. Since the 1939 census, the Kryashens and Mishars are counted among the Tatars. Teptyars - composed of Tatars and Bashkirs.
- National composition of the population of small towns of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- Volume 4 - “National composition and language proficiency, citizenship.” 6. Language proficiency (except Russian) by the population of individual nationalities by republic, autonomous region and autonomous district of the Russian Federation
- Knowledge of languages (except Russian) by the population of individual nationalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- 1 2 Knowledge of languages (except Russian) by the population of individual nationalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan (inaccessible link - history). Archived from the original on November 22, 2008.
- Population of the Republic of Bashkortostan by Russian language proficiency (inaccessible link - history). Archived from the original on November 22, 2008. (inaccessible link since 05/17/2013 (755 days) - history)
Literature
- Davletshina Z. M. Tatar population of Bashkortostan: ethnodemographic study. Ufa: Gilem, 2001. ISBN 5-7501-0235-1
- Yanguzin R.Z. Ethnic composition population of Bashkortostan (based on the results of the All-Russian Population Census of 2002) - Ufa: Kitap, 2007, 124 pages, ISBN 978-5-295-04114-3
Links
- Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Bashkortostan
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| Portal "Bashkortostan" Category | ||
| Bashkortostan | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Administrative center: Ufa Urban districts: Agidel | Kumertau | THEN Mezhgorye | Neftekamsk | Oktyabrsky | Salavat | Sibay | Sterlitamak | Ufa |
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| The edges |
Altai Transbaikal Kamchatka Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Perm Primorsky Stavropol Khabarovsk |
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| Regions |
Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Vladimir Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Ivanovo Irkutsk Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Orel Penza Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sam Arskaya Saratovskaya Sakhalinskaya Sverdlovskaya Smolenskaya Tambovskaya Tver Tomskaya Tula Tyumenskaya Ulyanovskaya Chelyabinskaya Yaroslavlskaya |
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| Federal cities |
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| Autonomous region |
Jewish |
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| Autonomous okrugs |
Nenets1 Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra2 Chukotka Yamalo-Nenets2 |
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1 Located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region 2 Located on the territory of the Tyumen region |
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population of bashkortostan