European countries and their location on the map. Europe map with countries large in Russian

The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “Foreign Europe. Composition, political map. This topic is the first not only in the section of lessons devoted to Foreign Europe, but also the first in the regional geography of the 10th grade. You will get to know the old Europe, which continues to play a leading role in the modern economy due to its financial, geopolitical influences and features of the economic and geographical position. The teacher will tell in detail about the composition, borders, history, countries of Foreign Europe.

Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe

Lesson:Foreign Europe. Composition, political map

Europe is a part of the world with an area of ​​​​about 10 million km² (of which 5.1 million km² fall on Foreign Europe, in relation to the CIS countries) and a population of 740 million people (about 10-11% of the world's population). The average height is about 300 m, the maximum is 4808 m, Mount Blanc.

Rice. 1. Mont Blanc

Features of the geographical location:

1. The length from north to south (from the island of Svalbard to the island of Crete) is 5 thousand km, and from west to east - more than 3 thousand km.

2. Relief "mosaic" of its territory: lowlands and elevated territories. Among the mountains of Europe, most of the average height. The borders pass mainly along such natural boundaries that do not create obstacles for transport links.

3. High degree of indentation of the coastline.

4. Coastal position of most countries. The average distance from the sea is 300 km. In the western part of the region there is no place more than 480 km away from the sea, in the eastern part - 600 km.

5. The "depth" of the territory of most countries is small. So in Bulgaria and Hungary there is no place that would be removed from the borders of these countries by more than 115-120 km.

6. Neighborhood favorable for integration processes.

7. Favorable position in terms of contacts with the rest of the worlds, because located at the junction with Asia and Africa, far advanced into the ocean - "a large peninsula of Eurasia."

8. Diversity of natural resources, but non-complex distribution across countries, many deposits are largely depleted.

Europe is usually divided into Northern and Southern, Western and Eastern, this is rather conditional, especially since not only purely geographical, but also political factors come into play here.

A single economic, political and financial space is being formed in foreign Europe.

The vast majority of countries are members of the UN. Switzerland joined the UN in September 2002, NATO members - 14 countries, EU members - 15 countries. Most of the countries belong to the industrialized group. Four countries: Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy are part of the "big seven countries of the West." A special place on the economic map of the region is occupied by post-socialist countries or countries with economies in transition.

Council of Europe- an international organization that promotes cooperation between all European countries in the field of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, legality and cultural interaction. Founded in 1949, the Council of Europe is Europe's oldest international organization. The best-known organs of the Council of Europe are the European Court of Human Rights, acting in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Commission of the European Pharmacopoeia.

Rice. 2. Emblem of the Council of Europe

After the collapse of the socialist regimes, the situation changed markedly. Most of the countries of the former "socialist camp" reoriented towards Western structures. Currently, more than half of the states of Europe are members of the European Union and NATO, and almost all the rest declare their desire to join these organizations.

The following events had the greatest influence on the formation of the political map of Europe: the First World War, the Second World War, the collapse of the USSR and the entire world socialist system. Until the mid-1980s, there were 32 sovereign states, including microstates. Since the beginning of the 90s - about 40 states.

At present, there are more than 40 states in Europe. Most of the states in the form of government are republics, 12 monarchies. According to the administrative - territorial structure, all countries (except Belgium, Germany, Austria and Switzerland) are unitary. Largest countries by area: France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland. Largest countries by population: Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy. Four states of foreign Europe are members of the Big Seven: France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain. Germany is considered the main economy of Europe.

Rice. 3. Political map of Europe

Homework

Topic 6, Item 1

1. What are the features of the geographical and economic-geographical position of the countries of foreign Europe?

2. What regions (sub-regions) are distinguished in Foreign Europe?

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. Grades 10-11: textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10 Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012 - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a guide for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified state exam 2012. Geography. Textbook./ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real tasks of the USE: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010.- 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MTSNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 "/ E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Study guide for geography. Tests and practical tasks in geography / I.A. Rodionov. - M.: Moscow Lyceum, 1996. - 48 p.

9. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2009: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.

10. Unified state exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the preparation of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009 - 240 p.

11. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

12. USE 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks / O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.

13. USE 2012. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2011. - 288 p.

14. USE 2011. Geography: Standard examination options: 31 options / ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Federal portal Russian Education ().

6. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ().

Here is a map of countries in Russian and a table with sovereign states, as well as dependent territories. They include completely independent states and territories dependent on various European countries. In total, there are 50 sovereign states and 9 dependent territories in the European part of the world.

Read also:

According to the generally accepted geographical definition, the border between and Europe runs along Ural mountains, the Ural River and the Caspian Sea in the east, the Greater Caucasus and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles in the south. Based on this division, the transcontinental states of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey have territories both in Europe and in Asia.

The island of Cyprus in Western Asia is close to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) and is on the Anatolian Plate, but is often considered part of Europe and is a current member of the European Union (EU). Armenia is also entirely in Western Asia, but is a member of some European organizations.

While providing a clearer separation between and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as Malta, Sicily, Pantelleria and the Pelagian Islands are located on the African Continental Plate. Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which crosses the Eurasian and North American plates.

Greenland has socio-political ties with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but geographically closer to. Sometimes Israel is also seen as part of Europe's geopolitical processes.

Other territories are part of European countries but geographically located on other continents, such as the French overseas departments, the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the African coast, and the Dutch Caribbean territories of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.

There are 50 internationally recognized sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and/or members in international European organizations, of which 44 have their capitals within Europe. All but the Vatican are members of the United Nations (UN), and all but Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Vatican are members of the Council of Europe. 28 of these countries have been EU members since 2013, which means high integration with each other and partial sharing of their sovereignty with EU institutions.

Political map of Europe with country names in Russian

To enlarge the map, click on it.

Political map of Europe with state names/Wikipedia

Table of European countries with capitals

States of Eastern Europe
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Belarus	Minsk
2	Bulgaria	Sofia
3	Hungary	Budapest
4	Moldova	Kishinev
5	Poland	Warsaw
6	Russia	Moscow
7	Romania	Bucharest
8	Slovakia	Bratislava
9	Ukraine	Kyiv
10	Czech	Prague
States of Western Europe
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Austria	Vein
2	Belgium	Brussels
3	Great Britain	London
4	Germany	Berlin
5	Ireland	Dublin
6	Liechtenstein	Vaduz
7	Luxembourg	Luxembourg
8	Monaco	Monaco
9	Netherlands	Amsterdam
10	France	Paris
11	Switzerland	Berne
Nordic states
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Denmark	Copenhagen
2	Iceland	Reykjavik
3	Norway	Oslo
4	Latvia	Riga
5	Lithuania	Vilnius
6	Finland	Helsinki
7	Sweden	Stockholm
8	Estonia	Tallinn
States of Southern Europe
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Albania	Tirana
2	Andorra	Andorra la Vella
3	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo
4	Vatican	Vatican
5	Greece	Athens
6	Spain	Madrid
7	Italy	Rome
8	Macedonia	Skopje
9	Malta	Valletta
10	Portugal	Lisbon
11	San Marino	San Marino
12	Serbia	Belgrade
13	Slovenia	Ljubljana
14	Croatia	Zagreb
15	Montenegro	Podgorica
Asian states that are partly located in Europe
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Kazakhstan	Astana
2	Türkiye	Ankara
States that, taking into account the border between Europe and Asia along the Caucasus, are partially located in Europe
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Azerbaijan	Baku
2	Georgia	Tbilisi
States that are located in Asia, although in terms of geopolitics closer to Europe
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Armenia	Yerevan
2	Republic of Cyprus	Nicosia
Dependencies
№	Titles	Capital Cities
1	Åland (autonomy within Finland)	Mariehamn
2	Guernsey (a British Crown Dependency that is not part of the UK)	Saint Peter Port
3	Gibraltar (British overseas possessions disputed by Spain)	Gibraltar
4	Jersey (a British Crown Dependency that is not part of the UK)	Saint Helier
5	Isle of Man (British Crown Dependency)	Douglas
6	Faroe Islands (an autonomous island region that is part of Denmark)	Torshavn
7	Svalbard (archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, which is part of Norway)	Longyearbyen

It is cut by mountain ranges and plains. Along with this, a large number of rivers and lakes. The highest mountains are the Alps (the highest point is the peak of Mont Blanc - more than 5000 km). The territory is surrounded by many seas, the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. For many travel enthusiasts, a satellite map of Europe will be convenient.

Contour map

Now let's take a quick look at what a contour map of Europe is. Only state borders are marked on it. You will be able to designate where and which state is located and put capitals, highlight the leading countries. Also compare objects with each other. Indicate where the peoples are settled.

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The political map is 43 independent states fully recognized by the international UN. They, in turn, are clearly divided into the countries of Western, Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe according to political and geographical factors.

There are various forms of government:

• Monarchies (Netherlands, Great Britain);
• Presidential (Russia) and parliamentary (Germany) republics;
• Papal State (Vatican).

The map of Western Europe is considered to include the following countries:

• Austria;
• Belgium;
• Great Britain;
• Germany;
• France.

Which countries are in Northern Europe?

• Denmark;
• Norway
• Sweden;
• Finland;
• Estonia and others.

The Northern Territory was represented.

Southern Europe includes:

• Andorra;
• Albania;
• Bosnia and Herzegovina;
• Spain;
• Italy and others.

On the map of Eastern Europe are such states as:

• Russia;
• Ukraine;
• Belarus;
• Poland, etc.

Capitals by country

Countries	Cities	Population
Austria	Vein	1730000
Belgium	Brussels	1831000
Germany	Berlin	3470000
Great Britain	London	8417000
Ireland	Dublin	527000
Liechtenstein	Vaduz	5434
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	115000
Netherlands	Amsterdam	801847
France	Paris	2197000
Monaco	Monaco	975
Switzerland	Berne	7507000
Denmark	Copenhagen	569557
Norway	Oslo	634463
Sweden	Stockholm	1252000
Finland	Helsinki	621000
Estonia	Tallinn	442000
Latvia	Riga	641007
Lithuania	Vilnius	540000
Iceland	Reykjavik	202000
Andorra	Andorra la Vella	22615
Albania	Tirana	610050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	275524
Greece	Athens	3362000
Italy	Rome	2870000
Vatican	—	900
Spain	Madrid	3273000
Portugal	Lisbon	547733
Malta	Valletta	5719
San Marino	San Marino	4041
Macedonia	Skopje	670000
Serbia	Belgrade	1234000
Slovenia	Ljubljana	287000
Croatia	Zagreb	790017
Montenegro	Podgorica	150977
Russia	Moscow	12330000
Ukraine	Kyiv	2908088
Belarus	Minsk	1960000
Moldova	Kishinev	809600
Poland	Warsaw	1744000
Bulgaria	Sofia	1350000
Hungary	Budapest	1744665
Romania	Bucharest	1833000
Czech	Prague	1243000
Slovakia	Bratislava	462603

The largest cities are Istanbul and Moscow (13 and 12 million inhabitants), but the Turkish city, which does not belong to the continent, is partly in Asia. But among the capitals holds the leadership of the Russian - Moscow.

Historical map of the 15th century

First half of the 15th century

Has undergone significant changes in comparison with previous periods. The continent was inhabited only by Christian peoples. Thanks to the perfect discoveries, the countries have advanced a lot, their peoples have developed.

Second half of the 15th century

Since the 16th century, a new Christian direction has appeared. Modern civilization is emerging on the continent. The French Revolution continued the development of peoples: there was an idea of ​​new forms of government of countries.

16th century

Now the political map of modern Europe is quite large. Compare it to a 19th century map. The modern history of the countries began in the 20th century. One can clearly see the rapprochement of the peoples of Russia and Europe: there is an active Russian-European dialogue between the great states, which began in the 19th century.

Late 20th century

A map of languages ​​has been formed: the most common, apart from English, are French, Italian, Spanish, German, and Russian. Available complete map languages, where 44 languages ​​of countries and more. Different peoples may speak similar dialects.

Rivers mostly with headwaters in high mountains. The longest is the Danube (2850 kilometers). Its course begins in the chain of the Alpine mountains. Further flows between the Carpathians and the Balkans, and flows into the Black Sea in Eastern Europe.

The remaining large bodies of water mainly flow into the North Seas:

• Oder;
• Elbe;
• Rhine;
• Wisla.

Many freeze. Of the non-freezing ones, the Seine can be distinguished. European rivers form a magnificent chain of picturesque canals.

To determine the amount of salts in water, a lake salinity table is used. The highest score on the continent belongs to Lake Elton (Volgograd region).
There are no very large lakes on the map of the Western Territory.

There are quite large lakes:

• Vättern;
• Venern;
• Saima;
• Geneva;
• Balaton;
• Inari;
• Constance.

Vänern has an area of ​​5546 km2. More than thirty rivers flow here. The lake connects the waterway Gothenburg - the capital Stockholm.

car map

A road with the letter index E indicates the European road route (eg E40, E25, E75). The traffic flow is reinforced in all directions.

When moving, it is necessary to take into account which roads are completely free, which are paid and paid in separate sections. A feature of the German tracks is the complete absence of speed limits. Within the boundaries of most cities, the speed limit is 50 km/h.

Traveling on the roads of Europe, the map will definitely come in handy.

The recent history of European countries in the 90s of the 20th century was radically updated. The political map of Europe has changed. The European Union emerged - a supranational trade and political union of more than 20 countries. The leading countries of Western Europe are members of the European Union.

18 European countries have adopted the euro standard as their currency:

Europe is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic oceans and their seas.

The area of ​​the islands is about 730 thousand km². The peninsulas account for about 1/4 of the territory of Europe (Kola, Scandinavian, Pyrenean, Apennine, Balkan, etc.).

The average height is about 300 m, the maximum (if you draw the border of Europe along the Kuma-Manych depression) - 4808 m, Mont Blanc, or (when you draw the border of Europe along the Caucasus Range) - 5642 m, Elbrus, the minimum is currently approx. . −27 meters (Caspian Sea) and changes along with fluctuations in the level of this sea.

Plains prevail (large - East European, Central European, Middle and Lower Danube, Paris basin), mountains occupy about 17% of the territory (the main ones are the Alps, the Caucasus, the Carpathians, the Crimean, Pyrenees, Apennines, the Urals, the Scandinavian mountains, the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula) . active volcanoes found in Iceland and the Mediterranean.

In most of the territory, the climate is temperate (in the west - oceanic, in the east - continental, with snowy and frosty winters), in the northern islands - subarctic and arctic, in southern Europe - Mediterranean, in the Caspian lowland - semi-desert. On the islands of the Arctic, in Iceland, the Scandinavian mountains, the Alps - glaciation (area over 116 thousand km²).

Main rivers: Volga, Danube, Ural, Dnieper, Western Dvina, Don, Pechora, Kama, Oka, Belaya, Dniester, Rhine, Elbe, Vistula, Tahoe, Loire, Oder, Neman, Ebro.

Large lakes: Ladoga, Onega, Peipus, Venern, Balaton, Geneva.

On the islands of the Arctic and along the coast of the Arctic Ocean - arctic deserts and tundras, to the south - forest-tundras, taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppes, steppes, subtropical Mediterranean forests and shrubs; in the southeast - semi-deserts.

The largest sandy desert in Europe, the Ryn-Sands (40,000 km²), is located between the Volga and the Urals (on the territory of Kazakhstan and Russia), in Western Europe, the Tabernas massif in Spain, as well as the Nogai steppe in Russia on borderlands of Kalmykia, Dagestan and Chechnya. In addition, there has been desertification of vast areas in Kalmykia, Russia, as a result of human activities in the industrial extraction of water from natural sources and irrational land use. In the zone of dry steppes in the east of Europe, there are a number of sandy massifs in Russia on the lower Don (Archedinsky-Don sands, Tsimlyansky sands, etc.), as well as on the territory of Ukraine (Aleshkovsky sands).

Andreas Kaplan believes that Europe is the region with the maximum cultural diversity in a relatively small geographical area.

Satellite map of Europe. Explore satellite map of Europe online in real time. detailed map Europa was created on the basis of high-resolution satellite images. As close as possible, a satellite map of Europe allows you to explore in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Europe. The map of Europe from the satellite easily switches to the normal map mode (scheme).

Countries of Europe. Satellite maps of European countries:

Europe- one of the parts of the world, which, together with Asia, is part of the mainland. More than 700 million people live in Europe in 50 states. It is washed by the waters of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, as well as the waters of their seas.

The relief of Europe is varied, but most of it is occupied by plains. The mountainous regions are only 17% of the entire territory of the country with the highest point at 5642 meters. There are several climatic zones in Europe, but mostly in most European countries there is a moderate type of climate, which is characterized by warm or hot summers and cold winters with snowfalls.

Europe- a contrasting and diverse part of the world with many countries, each of which has its own traditions, its own culture and its own sights. Those wishing to see European architectural masterpieces and learn more about the culture and history of European states of the past should go to Germany or Austria with countless medieval castles, France with its Eiffel Tower or Great Britain with the amazing atmosphere of London.

Those who want to spend time at sea, it is better to choose the resorts of Bulgaria, Italy or Spain, since these countries are favorite places for summer holidays. beach holiday both European and tourists from other countries. Lovers of active winter holiday your vacation should be spent in the ski resorts of Austria or Switzerland, the best not only in all of Europe, but throughout the world.