Business card Country area: 3 million 288 thousand km 2 Population: 1 billion 10 million people Capital: Delhi Form of government: republic ATU: federation India is one of the oldest states in the world. In the past it was a colony of Great Britain, after the Second World War it achieved independence.

Economic-geographical position Separates from China mountainous country Himalayas. Along the foothills of the Himalayas, the great river Ganges flows through the lowlands. She is considered sacred river India. With the discovery by Europeans sea ​​routes The era of the Great began in India geographical discoveries. India passes through the world's maritime trade routes from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, and is also located halfway between the Middle and Far East.

Population India ranks second in population in the world, after China. Scientists count about 1.6 thousand dialects here. State language Hindi (the language of Hindustani, the largest Indian nation) and English are considered. Bilingualism is widespread. The distribution of India's population is uneven.

Population The most densely populated areas are the fertile lowlands, plains in valleys and river deltas, and the sea coast. The level of urbanization (urban growth) in India is relatively low (30 – 40%). Big cities India: Delhi, Kolkata, Bompey, Chennai. The majority of the population lives in villages (there are more than 600 thousand), large and crowded. Almost ¼ of Indians live below the official poverty level.

Religion Hindus, Muslims 80% of the population are Hindus, Muslims constitute the largest religious minority - 11%, Sikhs - Buddhists 2.2% - Sikhs, Buddhists only 0.7%, most of whom converted to Buddhism quite recently. India is a secular state and any discrimination on religious grounds is punishable by law.

Industry The chemical industry focuses on the production of mineral fertilizers. Pharmaceuticals are developing. India is the world's chromium exporter. It occupies a leading place in reserves of graphite, beryl, thorium, zirconium, and second place in the world in titanium mining. Light industry is a traditional sector of the Indian economy, especially cotton and jute. The food industry produces goods for both domestic consumption and export. India ranks first in the world in tea exports.

Agriculture of India The leading branch of agriculture in India is crop production. In India they grow: grain crops: rice, wheat, corn, millet. The main industrial crops are cotton, jute, tea, sugar cane, tobacco, oilseeds (peanuts, rapeseed, etc.). Coconut palms, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, citrus fruits, herbs and spices are also grown.

Livestock Livestock farming is the second most important agricultural sector in India, far behind crop production. India ranks first in the world in the number of cattle and one of the last in the consumption of meat products, since the religious views of Hinduism support vegetarianism and prohibit eating beef and killing cows (in ancient india they were a symbol of fertility and prosperity). In coastal areas, fishing is of great importance.

Aviation, road, sea and river transport are also developed. Indian car "Tata Nano" An-32. Indian Air Force Indian warship "Tabar"

Indian cuisine is characterized by a wide variety of regional styles and sophisticated use of kitchen roots, herbs and seasonings. The main food products in the regions are rice and wheat. The most famous seasoning, originally originating from the Indian subcontinent and now consumed throughout the world, is black pepper.

LESSON No. 8.

Subject: "Fairyland" India.

Target: introducing schoolchildren to Indian culture through familiarity with the mythology, religion and art of the people.

Tasks:

introduce students to the culture of the peoples of India, their customs and traditions;

introduce students to the features of the national Indian costume and Indian architecture;

introduce students to the ancient beliefs and myths of India;

to form an aesthetic perception of the world.

Equipment: presentation.

Forms of implementation:

A teacher's story with elements of conversation.

View the presentation.

Form of control: survey, control exercises

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS:

I . Introduction. (1 slide)

1. Today we will begin a lesson in which you will get acquainted with the “Fairytale Country of India”, with its culture, traditions and customs of the people. During class, we will remember the rules of communication that we will follow:

1. Voluntariness of participation.

2. Acceptance of yourself and your communication partner.

3. Goodwill.

4. Here and now.

5. I think...

Do you want to add anything else to the rules or change them?

2. Greeting ritual " Circle conversation ».

Children and teacher sit in a circle. The teacher begins the sentence, and the children take turns, without interrupting each other, completing it. For example: “What I like most about myself is...”, “I would like to become...”, “My favorite game is...”, “What I fear most is...”, “Someday I hope...”.

II . Main part.

1. Ancient beliefs and myths of India.

(2 slide)

Ancient Indian civilization is one of the most ancient and original civilizations of the East. The history of this country dates back thousands of years.

India is located on the Hindustan Peninsula, washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

(3 slide)

Religions of Ancient India.

The thousand-year-old cultural tradition of India has developed in close connection with the development of the religious ideas of its people. The main religious movement was Hinduism (more than 80% of the Indian population now follows it). The roots of this religion go back to ancient times.

(4 slide)

Hinduism.

In Hinduism, God, the creator, comes to the fore, and a strict hierarchy of gods is established.

Trimurti (Trinity):

1. Brahma is a “priest”, ruler and creator of the world, he was responsible for the establishment of social laws (tharmas) on earth, the division into the faithful, he is the punisher of infidels and sinners.

2. Vishnu is the guardian god, the guardian of the universe.

3. Shiva - God - the destroyer of the Universe (a kind protector and a formidable god - living on the battlefields and at funeral pyres).

(5 slide)

Brahma is depicted as having purple skin and wearing a red robe. Brahma has 4 heads, arms and faces. Four arms represent all directions of the world. In addition, the hands represent Intelligence, Reason, Ego and Self-Confidence; Does not hold weapons in the hands, like many other deities of the Hindu pantheon. He sits on a Lotus or in a chariot drawn by seven swans. In one right hand he holds a rosary (akshamala), in the other a vessel of water (kamandalu).

Vishnu is depicted as a man with a dark blue face, with four hands: in one of them he holds a gada (rod), symbolizing knowledge, in the other - a shankha (shell), a symbol of the origin of life, emitting the sound that gave birth to the world. In Vishnu's third hand is the Sudarshan Chakra (disc), which, when he uses it as a weapon, returns to him, striking the target, and also a symbol of the Universal Mind, one and perfect, capable of destroying any manifestation of ignorance. Vishnu holds a lotus in his fourth hand. On Vishnu's chest is Kaustabha, a diamond representing consciousness contained in everything that sparkles and burns: the sun, moon and fire.

Shiva is depicted: Shiva is usually depicted with a vahana ("vehicle" - Nandi bull) at his feet, a cobra (Vasuki Serpent) around his neck and a trident in his hand.

(6 slide)

India is an original and distinctive country, rich ancient customs. A traveler coming here for the first time will find it interesting and useful to learn some interesting traditions of India. In this country, their observance is treated with great care, they are passed on from generation to generation, and ignorance or violation of any tradition can even be regarded as a crime.

(7 slide)

Indian morals and customs.

Since the population mainly preaches Hinduism, most of the national traditions of India are associated with the laws of this religion:

The left hand is considered “unclean”. For example, a Hindu will never take money from you if you give it to him with your left hand.

Hindus also do not respect legs and consider them a dirty part of the body. Even feet turned towards a specific person are considered an insult.

Violating physical space or touching a person is considered a personal insult. Avoid handshakes and pats on the shoulder or back. If you want to greet a Hindu, simply raise your palms to your chin and shake your head towards the person being greeted.

(8 slide)

An unusual tradition in India is the cult of the cow. It is considered a sacred animal, it cannot be offended or beaten, and eating beef is equated to a mortal sin. That's why cows in India just roam the streets and avenues, creating huge traffic jams of cars waiting for the animal to leave the roadway.

Therefore, if you happen to run over a cow, the consequences can be very unpleasant, and you may even be put behind bars for this. It is better not to touch animals at all, which are revered by all Hindus without exception.

(9 slide)

The most famous and important festival of India is Diwali. It lasts 5 days, during which time all the cities, towns and streets of the country are illuminated with lights, the luminous country can be seen even from space at this time. There is a national tradition in India that this festival is celebrated in honor of the victory of good over evil. As a sign of this, every resident of the country must go out into the street with a lantern or glowing lamp and join the procession through the streets.

(10 slide)

An unusual tradition in India is Mehendi. This is one of the traditional wedding ceremonies in the country. The bride's hands are painted with henna on the eve of the ceremony. An intricate symbolic pattern is skillfully applied to the outer and inner sides of the palms, which from the outside can be mistaken for a tattoo or lace gloves. The remains of henna from the procedure should be buried in the ground. Indian traditions say that in this way a strong, unbreakable marriage is guaranteed for many years.

(11 slide)

Indian women get married early. The main signs of a married woman are a ring on the middle toe, an earring in the nose and the location of the point in the middle of the forehead, and not between the eyebrows, as before marriage. The traditional color of the bride's dress is red, symbolizing prosperity, good luck and fertility. Modern Indian women often choose other colors for their outfit: purple, dark yellow, blue or pink.

Indian women do not accept the loose morals of communication between men and women adopted in the West, so physical contact such as shaking hands should be avoided if you are a woman. Don't shake a woman's hand (unless she extends it first) and don't put your hand on a woman's or man's shoulder.

(12 slide)

It is considered disrespectful to wear long or medium length hair down, so Indian women wear their hair in a bun or braid.

Also, many Indians have a dot on their forehead.It is called bindi, which translates as “dot”, “droplet”. And in Hindi it is “full moon”, “full moon”. No one knows exactly why they started putting this point. However, according to Tantrism, it is generally accepted that this place contains the “third eye,” symbolizing “hidden wisdom.” They say that the bindi saves you from the “evil eye” and evil illness. The point is applied between the eyebrows. It is believed that this is where the “sixth chakra” is located, in which all life experience is concentrated.

(13 slide)

Monkeys are especially revered here, living in temples dedicated to them. The animals are fed with pleasure by both Indians and tourists, and sometimes the monkeys themselves pester strangers, tugging at their clothes and holding out their paws - in a word, they behave like real beggars.

Once you are surrounded by these brats, it is better to give them something to eat, otherwise they may bite. IN famous Palace There are so many monkeys in Jaipur that Hindus do not advise tourists to visit it, since the animals there are aggressive towards people.

(14 slide)

Burial in India.

Hindus practice giving the body to fire after death, followed by scattering the ashes over the waters of the Ganges.

(15 slide)

Mythis an ancient folk tale about legendary heroes, gods, and natural phenomena.

Myths were selected, accumulated, classified and preserved the wealth of knowledge and observations accumulated over many centuries by previous generations. Myths explained how the world around man and man himself work. Myths indicated how a person should go through his life’s path, placing milestones on it that helped him not to stray from it, and described what awaits him after death. Myths were a special form of memory that helped the team store the knowledge it needed and pass it on from generation to generation.

(16 slide)

Each nation has its own legend of the origin of the world. You all know the story about Adam and Eve. Listen to the Indian version of the origin of the world.

The myth “What was in the beginning.”

In the beginning there was neither existence nor non-existence. There was no airspace, no sky above it. There was neither death nor immortality. There was no day and night. But there was something that breathed without disturbing the air. And there was nothing but him. The world was hidden in darkness. Everything was an indistinguishable abyss, a void generated by the power of heat. First came desire, the seed of thought. Then the gods appeared. But did they create the world? Where did this creation come from? Didn't it create itself? The overseer of the world in a depleted world may or may not know about this.

The waters arose before all other creations. They created fire. The Golden Egg was born within them by fire. It is unknown how many years it floated in the vast and bottomless ocean.

(17 slide) From the Golden embryo in the egg the Progenitor Brahma arose. He cracked the egg. The upper part of the shell became the sky, the lower part became the earth, and between them Brahma placed the air space. On the earth, floating among the waters, he determined the countries of the world, laid the beginning of time. This is how the universe was created.

Looking around, Brahma saw that he was alone. And he became scared. Therefore, with the power of thought, he gave birth to six sons from his eyes, his mouth, his right and left ear, and from his nostrils. From them came gods, demons, people, birds and snakes, giants and monsters, priests and cows and many other creatures inhabiting all three worlds.

(18 slide)

When Brahma created the sky, and the earth, and the airspace, and from his sons came all living beings in the universe, he himself, tired of creation, withdrew, and transferred power over the worlds to his descendants - the gods and asuras.

Asuras were the elder brothers of the gods. They were powerful and wise and knew the secrets of magic - Maya, they could take on different images or become invisible. They owned countless treasures, which they kept in their strongholds in mountain caves. And they had three fortified cities, first in heaven, then on earth: one of iron, another of silver, the third of gold; subsequently they united these three cities into one, rising above the earth; and they built themselves cities in the underworld.

Having transferred power to the gods and demons, Brahma went to rest in the shade, under the branches of a mulberry tree. Brahma’s rest, his “day,” will last for billions of years until the “night of Brahma” comes and the world he created again becomes a huge mass of water, which will have to wait in the wings, the birth of a new world egg and the appearance of a new creator Brahma.

What new did you learn from this myth?

2. Game "Stork and Frog".

This Indian game can be played by 4 or more people. To do this, you need to draw a large lake with bays, islands and capes on asphalt (whatman paper). Players choose one leader - the “stork”, and all other players become “frogs”.

Rules of the game The “frogs” sit in the “water”, not having the right to get out to the “land”.

The “stork” must walk along the shore and try to catch the “frog”. The “stork” has the right to jump from “island” to “island”, but cannot enter the “water”. The last “frog” caught becomes a “stork”.

3. Indian national costume. (19 slide)

(20 slide)

Indian clothing comes in a great variety of colors and materials. The color code depends on religious and ritual reasons. For example, among Hindus, wearing white clothes is a sign of mourning, while among Parsis and Christians, clothes of this color are usually worn for weddings.

(21 slides)

Traditional clothes.

Sari- this is a long piece of unstitched fabric, the length of which can be 4-9 m, which allows you to envelop the entire body in any style. There are various traditional types of sarees. The style common to all sarees is to be wrapped around the waist, after which one end is covered over the shoulder. The sari is usually worn over a petticoat. The blouse can be low-cut or shaped like a blouse with straps. There are many saris with lots of embellishments such as embroidery and mirrors. These sarees are worn on special occasions.

(22 slide)

Ghagra choli or lehenga choli.

A lehenga is a form of long skirt that has pleats. Usually the lehenga is embellished or has large stripes at the bottom. A choli is a blouse, usually concealed, that fits close to the body and has short sleeves and a deep neckline.

Women wear different styles of ghagra choli, ranging from simple cotton lehenga choli as casual wear to traditional ghagra choli with mirror embellishments.

(23 slide)

Salwar kameez.

The salwar kameez consists of wide trousers (salwar) that are tapered at the ankles and a tunic (kameez). Salwar kameez is always worn with a scarf called dupatta covering the head and chest. The material for the dupatta usually depends on the suit and is usually cotton, georgette, silk and chiffon. Almost every teenage girl wears this dress instead of western wear.

(24 slide)

Men's clothing.

Dhoti is a six-foot white cotton cloth. This traditional attire is mainly worn by men in villages. The dhoti is held in place thanks to a belt covering the waist, which can be either with ornaments and patterns, or simple. Men wear shirts over their dhoti.

(25 slide)

Sherwani- This is a long jacket that is fastened with buttons. Its length usually reaches the knees, but can sometimes reach the calves. This jacket has a collar that is not rolled up like a regular one. Sherwani is worn with tight pants or trousers called churidar. Churidar are trousers that are loose at the hips, but tight at the ankles. Sherwani is usually worn by grooms for their wedding ceremony.

4. Fabulous Indian architecture.

(26 slide)

Taj Mahal.

The Taj Mahal is considered the best example of architecture that combines elements of Persian, Indian and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal was named as a : “The jewel of Muslim art in India, one of the universally recognized masterpieces of the heritage, admired throughout the world.”

Although the white marble dome of the mausoleum is the most famous component, the Taj Mahal is a structurally integrated complex. Construction of the building began around 1632 and was completed in 1653; 20 thousand artisans and craftsmen worked. The management of the construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to the Council of Architects under imperial control.

Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs - the Shah and his wife. In fact, their burial place is located in the same place as the tombs, but underground. The construction time dates back to approximately 1630-1652. The Taj Mahal is a five-domed structure 74 m high on a platform, with 4 minarets at the corners (they are slightly tilted away from the tomb so as not to damage it in case of destruction), which is adjacent to a garden with fountains and a swimming pool.

The walls are made of polished translucent (brought 300 km away for construction) with inlay from gems. Was used , , , etc. Marble has such a feature that in bright daylight it looks white, at dawn pink, and on a moonlit night - silver.

(27 slide)

The Callanai Dam is considered the oldest hydraulic structure that is still in use today.

Perhaps heaven helps the dam live and thrive for so long. Not far from the dam, the Kaveri merges with another river, the Bhavani. And at their intersection stands the Sangameswarar Temple. It is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in South India.

Then the river again splits into two branches. And between these branches there is a delta leading to the Bay of Bengal. This is, in its own way, a very interesting place in India - irrigation structures were built there more than 2000 years ago.

Callanay is a huge structure made of rough stone: 329 meters long and 20 meters wide.

The purpose of the dam is to irrigate the fields. This whole idea makes the region very fertile.

For many years, the Kaveri River Dam served as a role model for the construction of new, young dams. Although, of course, it could not do without repairs and modernization, it is still in excellent condition and will still serve.

The area of ​​land that it irrigates is 4 thousand square kilometers.

(28 slide)

Marble has been mined in the mountains for a long time, so marble buildings are not uncommon here. Jag-nivas is lined with former marble, the most precious, slightly changing color depending on the time of day. Jag Nivas is often included in the lists of the most spectacular species not only in India, but throughout the world.

It was built in 1754 under Jagat Singh II, and Jag Niwas served as the summer residence of monarchs for a long time. Ceremonial feasts and receptions were held here. The palace faces east, so its inhabitants could greet the rising sun in the morning, which was revered as a god.

(29 slide) Jag Nivas everywhere dips its walls directly into the water of Lake Pichola and this is its main feature. Inside, marble walls hide many courtyards, fountains, artificial lakes with artificial islands.

And you can only get to it by boat.

(30 slide)

Vittala Temple Musical Temple

It demonstrates the amazing imagination of old architects. The interior halls of the temple are decorated with figures of musicians and dancers - this is not uncommon for temples in India. But the Vittala temple not only depicts music - it also sounds. The columns at the entrance and in the internal halls are composed of thin mini-columns-tubes surrounding the main column. There are seven of them on each column, and this is no coincidence - this unique instrument can reproduce all seven notes.

Sound can be produced by light blows on the columns. In addition, the wind, walking in front of the temple, sings its own song among the gallery of columns of the music hall.

(31 slides) The temple is dedicated to the deity - Vishnu. For some reason, its central hall is devoid of a traditional divine figure, while others are richly decorated with figures of deities, idols, and mythological monsters. One of the halls is called the “hall of a hundred columns”; wedding ceremonies were held in the other. It is assumed that earlier both the temple and the stone chariot located in front of it were painted exclusively with mineral-based paints. The remains of the painting were preserved here and there in the temple and on those surfaces of the chariot that were protected from the effects of rain and wind.

5. Survey.

Religious movement in India.Answer: Hinduism.

God is the ruler and creator of the world.Answer: Brahma.

Who are Vishnu and Shiva?Answer: God is a protector and God is a destroyer.

Which hand is considered “unclean” in India?Answer: left.

How do Indians greet?Answer: raise your palms to your chin and shake your head towards the person being greeted.

Name the sacred animal in India.Answer: cow.

What is the most famous and important festival of India? Answer: Diwali

What does the dot on the forehead mean?Answer: It is generally accepted that the “third eye” is located in this place, symbolizing “hidden wisdom”.

What is Sari?Answer: Traditional clothing in India.

What is Sherwani?Answer: clothes for men for a wedding ceremony.

Why is the Vittala Temple called the Musical Temple?Answer: the internal halls of the temple are decorated with figures of musicians, dancers, and the temple itself also sounds.

III . Conclusion.

Lesson analysis.

Our lesson has come to an end.

Look at the colors that we have in our hall and choose the color of your mood.

What was new for you in the lesson?

What was already known?

What would you like to change?

To conclude our lesson, let's say goodbye in Indian language.

See you

Phir milege

Goodbye

Namaste, alvida!

Thank you very much!

Sab kuchh ke liye dhanyavad!

Well done! This concludes the lesson.

Svetlana Tsarkova

TARGET: Expand children’s understanding of nature and human society. Clarify and expand children's knowledge about India. Continue to introduce children to the globe, form concepts: « countries» , "border", "continents". Continue learning to name animals this countries(habits, habitat).

DEMONSTRATION MATERIAL: presentation « Indian fairy tales» , natural objects6 items of clothing, dishes, music.

Progress of the lesson:

Educator: Guys, today we invite you to trip to fairyland, which exists on the globe. And where we’ll go we’ll have to guess... Music is playing. (girls dance "khatuba").

TEACHER: Did you guess which one? the country is being talked about? Children's answers

TEACHER: Let us tell you about this country full of secrets and magic. Own name a country received in honor of the river IND.

ATTENTION TO THE SCREEN: SLIDE №3

FLAG: is a rectangular panel of three horizontal stripes of equal width: top - saffron, middle - white and bottom - green. In the center of the flag there is an image of a wheel with 24 spokes, dark blue. Orange color means spirituality, white means peacefulness, green means fertility, circle is a religious symbol.

COAT OF ARMS: The coat of arms depicts four Indian lion on a round abacus. The fourth lion is at the back and therefore hidden from view. The coat of arms symbolizes a nation that is “brave in courage, strong in body, prudent in counsel and intimidates opponents.

TEACHER:

Far, far away, beyond the seas and forests, beyond rivers and deserts, there stands a high mountain and its name is Everest, this is the most high point of our planet. Imagine that you have climbed this mountain and below you, far, far, below lies a beautiful fairyland India.

India. View from Everest (SLIDE No. 5).

Children recite a poem.

There is no higher place on earth,

Than the top of Everest.

Climb Everest -

And you will see everything around.

You could see it right away

Calicut, Madras and Delhi (SLIDE No. 6)

City fabulous Bombay

With the dance of poisonous snakes (SLIDE No. 7,8)

Yogis dancing on coals,

Monkeys and tigers in the jungle (SLIDE No. 9)

Rhino that's like a tank

Moving along the Ganges River.

All the temples are visible from above:

Buddha, Vishnu, Krishna, Rama (SLIDE No. 10)

Shiva's third eye is visible.

Panorama - top class!

Place the chair on top

And admire from above.

If only the whole picture (SLIDE No. 11)

The clouds won't cover it.

TEACHER: When they talk about India I immediately remember the great river Ganges (SLIDE-12). The Ganges is one of the deepest and longest rivers in South Asia. The Ganges is considered a sacred river. It is also considered a heavenly river that descended to earth and became the Ganges River.

Main city India is considered - Delhi. The city is home to the world famous Taj Museum. Mahal monument love. The museum is considered the 8th wonder of the world.

TEACHER: IN India indigenous people are considered vegetarians. (ask the children if they know who vegetarians are). This is explained by the fact that, firstly, India is very hot, meat and fish spoil quickly, secondly, eating cow meat is prohibited, because cows are considered India sacred animals and roam freely on the street.

SLIDES-15,16.

TEACHER: Due to favorable climate India It is distinguished by a wide variety of flora and fauna. A huge number of different species of animals, insects, and many species of plants grow here. IN India created National parks, nature reserves, tiger reserves, 200 zoos.

TEACHER: In the past, the elephant was a symbol of the power and greatness of rulers countries - maharajas, and now - a hardworking assistant to the peasants. This animal is the hero of many Hindu and Buddhist parables and legends. The best compliment for Indian girl is to tell her that she walks like an elephant.

And now we will introduce you to animals India through riddles.

Riddles about animals India:

There is a lot of power in him,

He is almost as tall as a house.

He has a huge nose

It’s as if the nose has been growing for a thousand years. (Elephant) SLIDE-18

It sits on its hind legs,

That goes for four.

And from branch to branch

Jumps like a fast walker.

Loves to ride

On large vines.

You probably guessed it - this is (Monkey). SLIDE-19

Majestic, graceful.

You know, her mouth is deadly.

If the hood inflates,

Better get out! (Cobra) SLIDE-20

He's like a big cat

Graceful and smart.

But he doesn’t like different games

Striped formidable. (Tiger) SLIDE-21

Graceful, beautiful, strong and dexterous,

It has long been surrounded by legends.

The eyes glow brightly like emeralds,

A black outfit suits them so well. (Panther) SLIDE-22

TEACHER: And here’s another riddle, it’s about a boy. Say his name.

The boy grew up in a wolf pack,

He considers himself a wolf

He is friends with the bear and the panther,

He is reputed to be dexterous and brave. SLIDE-23

TEACHER:

That's right - Mowgli, and you know that the action of this fairy tales happens just in India. Let's remember the heroes of this wonderful story (Children name animals) Well, now you have an idea of ​​the richest animal world Indian jungle.

TEACHER: Now let's take a closer look at the wonders that are hidden among the intricate streets of old Delhi. Look how unusually the street is decorated.

Slide-25. Look, here sits a yogi. (child tells who a yogi is) .

These are people who have dedicated their lives to improving their body and spirit. They say, and there is a lot of evidence for this, that an experienced yogi can not only walk barefoot on hot coals or sharp nails, but even fly. Would you like to become a little yogi?

Children with a teacher show exercises.

Belly breathing:

I. Place your hands loosely on your stomach.

2. Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose, sticking your stomach out like a balloon.

3. Exhale slowly through your nose, tensing your abdominal muscles.

Breath "bellows":

I. Place your hands on your chest.

2. Inhale slowly and deeply, expanding your chest.

3. Exhale slowly, contracting your chest.

4. Repeat the exercise three times.

Bird pose

The birds flew to the sun,

And then they sat down on the grass.

We sat, we sat,

They flew into the sky again.

We stand straight, bend our back back. Then we lean forward. We try not to bend our legs

Pilot Pose

There's a plane in the blue sky,

On an airplane, I am the pilot.

Now I turn on full speed, I fly forward like an arrow!

Balance exercise. Let's stand up straight. Slowly tilt your body forward, stretch your arms in front of you, palms facing each other. We move one of the legs back. We return to the starting position and perform a symmetrical pose.

Lion cub pose

There will be a mane like dad's

And there will be paws with claws.

Lion cub - he's also a cat,

Just a little bigger...

We sit on our knees, heels under us, placing our hands on our knees. Take a full breath, suck in your tummy. We spread our fingers wide, straighten our arms at the elbows, widen our eyes, bringing them inward, stick out our tongue and try to reach the chin. We growl: - rrr. The asana strengthens the nasopharynx and makes speech more intelligible. Recommended for children with speech impairments.

Tree pose

There is a tree in the field

And an owl flies over the tree. "Uh, uh, uh" speaks

We stand up straight. We imagine that our legs are like the roots of a mighty tree. We take the foot of one leg with our hands and lift it as high as possible. We bend our arms at the elbows, connecting our palms together - these are tree branches. We stand in this position as long as it feels good. Then we change the leg.

TEACHER: Look who's sitting in the market square. This is another miracle India! Fakir is the lord of snakes!

Sounds slow Indian melody and Fakir comes out into the middle of the carpet (boy dressed in national Indian clothes) .

Snake spell dance. Fakir to a bright, impulsive Indian the melody is trying to tame the snake, which is portrayed by the girls.

APPLAUSE.

TEACHER: Let's look at the men's Indian national clothes. The main thing in it is the turban. (child's story)

IN India Men everywhere wear turbans. This is a long piece of cloth, usually 5 meters long, which is wrapped many times around the head. The turban was originally intended to protect the head from the heat and sultry sun. To cope with the hot desert climate, this long piece of cloth was soaked in water overnight and then tied around the head in the morning. The many layers of the turban retain moisture throughout the day and thus save you from the blazing heat.

Sounds indian melody. Girls dressed in Indian National costumes.

Indian girl tells

Why Indian Are the clothes so unusual? Because it has retained its tradition and national characteristics. Even being influenced by other cultures, she took all the best. Indian The clothes are very elegant, comfortable and convenient. Despite everything, Indians They wear it with great pride. Holidays, family celebrations, official ceremonies are the moment when Indians give particular preference to traditional national clothes. Saree is one of the most beautiful outfits that is worn. Indian. When someone imagines Indian woman, the first thing that comes to mind is the sari the woman is wearing.

A sari is a rectangular piece of fabric, usually 5 to 9 meters in length, woven from delicate cotton or silk. Plain or with floral patterns, it can be either everyday or festive, embroidered with gold threads and sparkles. One thing is certain - the tradition of wearing a sari, which has existed for thousands of years, will never disappear here.

Adult Indian continues showing your outfit:

- Indian clothing is famous for its richness of color and the goodness emanating from it. Clothing for women, such as a sari, emphasizes their femininity, while clothing for men is comfortable and convenient in hot climates. Indian outfits are as varied as everyone else Indian culture. Each village, city, region differs from each other not only in their way of life, language, food, but also in the style of wearing, colors, and way of draping clothes. There is no strict uniformity here, although a general style is visible.

TEACHER: Well, guys, all good things come to an end. And ours the journey has come to an end. Pay attention to the screen, it shows how the guys and I studied this fairyland.

SLIDE-29, 30,31.

At the end Fakir and the girl - Indian invite children to look at and examine the objects they brought with them yourself: dishes, costumes, books. The teacher asks the children to name what certain objects are made of, what they look like, and why people need them.

• What were the distinctive features of Indian and Chinese society?

§ 26.1. India is a land of fabulous wealth

In fairy tales and legends, India was portrayed as a country of untold riches, and foreigners who found themselves in the country were convinced of this. The main sources of India's wealth were its nature, favorable for the development of agriculture, and the tireless work of farmers and artisans. Peasants, reclaiming land from the jungle and irrigating it, received high yields of grains, spices, and fruits twice a year.

The country was rich in minerals, including precious stones. The artisans of India were distinguished by their skill; they knew how to make fabrics as thin as a spider's web. There was brisk trade in the cities; there were always many foreign merchants. In the 15th century, the Russian merchant Afanasy Nikitin visited India; his description of his journey is a valuable source on the history of the country.

Mother and child. Sculpture VIII-IX centuries.

Protected on almost all sides by the sea, jungle and the highest mountains world - the Himalayas, India was relatively accessible only from the north-west.

The main overland trade routes passed in this direction, and enemies attacked from here.

In the 5th-6th centuries, invasions of nomads destroyed the powerful Gupta state. After this, India remained fragmented for a long time. The emerging states led by princes - rajas - fought with each other, sometimes grew stronger, but quickly disintegrated. For life ordinary people All this did not have that much of an impact. This was partly due to the special role of the community. In India, it was often distinguished by its large size and complex structure, uniting the inhabitants of an entire region. Communities built and repaired irrigation canals, organized the lives of their members, and, if necessary, self-defense.

Dancing Shiva. Figurine XII-XIII centuries.

Since ancient times, Indian society has been divided into four varnas: brahmin priests, warriors, farmers (together with artisans and traders) and dependent people - “servants”. Outside this division were the “untouchables.”

Later, a more granular division into castes appeared, and often for Indians it was more important to belong to a caste than to a varna. A caste was any group of people who engaged in one activity and separated themselves from other castes. Belonging to a caste was inherited; usually its members married each other.

Temple of the Sun God in Konarak. Fragment. XIII century

Some castes arose as a result of the allocation of new professions, others - during the annexation of previously independent tribes to various Indian states. All together the castes formed a complex hierarchical structure. Their number varied. Now there are at least three thousand castes in India.

As a rule, a high caste position corresponded to wealth, and a low caste position corresponded to poverty. The caste system asserted the “naturalness” of inequality and the necessity of castes for each other.

During their conquests, the Arabs conquered the northern part of India. At the beginning of the 13th century, a Muslim state arose here with its capital in Delhi - the Delhi Sultanate. The sultans brought most of India under their rule. In the middle of the 13th century, the Mongols attacked the sultanate more than once, but they were never able to capture it. However, at the end of the 14th century, a new conqueror, Timur, ravaged Delhi, killed and took hundreds of thousands of people into captivity. As a result, the country was fragmented. The Sultanate now included only the territory around Delhi, and in 1526 it was captured by conquerors invading from the north.

India in all respects can be considered one of the most interesting countries for traveling. Almost all of us in childhood read “The Jungle Book” written by R. Kipling, so many have formed their own image of India - fabulous and beautiful.

Certainly, real life in this country is far from the one described in the book, however, the image created in a child’s imagination is so strong that it cannot be dispelled even after the hundredth visit to India. Holidays in India

As a rule, when asked, “Is it worth purchasing tours to India?” - most tourists will answer in the affirmative. And as soon as they are given such an opportunity, they happily go to the land of their childhood dreams. Moreover, it is rare that anyone who has visited India does not dream of going there again. Delhi, Agra, Jaipur, Mumbai, Bombay - as a rule, these destinations are very popular.

Thus, Jaipur is the capital of the largest Indian state by area. This city is both a large modern metropolis and ancient city, carefully preserving its history. The best way to explore local attractions is to walk along the ancient streets. Moreover, Jaipur is a major shopping center, so many come to this city for the purpose of shopping. Here you can buy unique jewelry with stones, colorful fabrics, ceramics and, of course, the famous Indian tea.

Holidays in Goa

It must be said that most tourists begin to get acquainted with India from its most “non-Indian” state - Goa. This part of the country was once a Portuguese colony, so local traditions, architecture and even language have significant differences from the rest of the territory, which was a British colony. Today, tours to Goa are extremely popular due to the picturesque nature of the island, magnificent beaches and the special atmosphere of friendliness and freedom that reigns in local resorts.

Conventionally, the resort area is divided into two parts. In the north of the state there are concentrated respectable hotels where respectable guests stay. The southern part is more democratic, there are many inexpensive bars and restaurants. In addition, there are special beaches where those who come to relax as “savages” can pitch tents. As a rule, youth groups prefer vacations in the south of the state. It is customary here to have fun until the morning at discos and various parties.