Sverdlovskaya nab 40 whose dacha. About the "green dacha" on the Sverdlovsk embankment

Also in the middle of summer 2017, after moving to the new building of the St. Petersburg State Healthcare Institution "Tuberculosis Dispensary No. 5", a large-scale restoration will begin with the adaptation of the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha for modern use.

The fence was erected during the construction of the main dacha for A.A. Bezborodko in the 1780s. Along the front of the fence with openwork forged gates, on granite pedestals, there are 29 sculptures of lions (cast iron, casting), connected by chains of round links. One of the sculptures is late, cast from aluminum alloy - the project is supposed to recreate it in historical material. The restoration will be carried out in the workshop, and the lions will return to their place after the restoration of the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha is completed.

The work is funded St. Petersburg construction company LLC "MONOLIT" * on the basis of duly agreed project documentation and permission of KGIOP.

“We hope that in two years, as planned, the project will be implemented, and the unique manor building of the late 18th century will become one of the revived pearls of our city,” said Sergey Makarov, chairman of KGIOP. - The investor plans to create a museum and exhibition space here. At the same time, the historical appearance of the building, of course, will be preserved.”

The galleries of the building are planned to be used as a museum and exhibition site to host an extensive exposition dedicated to the history of the development of jewelry in Russia. The volume of investments in the implementation of the project will be at least 500 million rubles.

“The figures of lions and chains are heavily soiled, have multi-layered colors, loss of paint and primer layers,” said Svetlana Nalivkina, head of the department for the northern and southern regions of KGIOP. - Granite pedestals under the figures have small chips and additions with cement materials. The top slabs of the limestone base are crumbling heavily.”

All lions are unique: each has a slight smile, which is never repeated on all 29 sculptures. The weight of one figure is about 200 kilograms. “Today we will practically shoot the Adventures of Italians in Russia-2,” said the chairman of KGIOP.

Press Secretary of KGIOP Ksenia Cherepanova - 710-41-17,press@ kgiop. gov. spb. en

* Information that appeared earlier in the press about the connection of the company with the leadership of the Azerbaijan Cultural Autonomy Petersburg does not correspond to reality. The construction company LLC "MONOLIT" is headed by Semenova Yanina Valerievna, who at the same time manages one of the main Russian jewelry manufacturers - St. Petersburg jewelry factory.

Dacha A.A. Bezborodko is one of the brightest estate ensembles of the last quarter of the 18th century.

The site on which the estate of Kushelev-Bezborodko is located was inhabited even before the foundation Petersburg. On the map of 1698, a Swedish manor with a garden of the commandant of the Nyenschanz fortress is indicated here. Perhaps a system of underground passages was created here, which the commandant could use in the event of an unexpected appearance of Russian troops. Shortly after founding Petersburg Peter I presented the deserted Swedish manor to his wife Ekaterina.

In the first years after the founding of the capital, there was a state garden on the territory of the estate - a tree nursery, arranged by order of Peter I. To the north of the state garden in 1718, Peter I's personal physician Robert Erskine discovered a valuable source of healing mineral water. In the winter of 1719, Peter I was treated with them and recognized the water as no worse than the Belgian. This area was named Polustrovo from the Latin word "palustris" - swamp.

In the second half of the 18th century, the right bank of the Neva was improved as a summer cottage, at the same time two largest estates were formed: Bezborodko (originally - Teplova) and Durnovo (originally - Bakunina).

In 1770, the territory of the dacha was granted by Catherine II to her entourage, senator and privy councillor, Grigory Teplov. Teplov was an active participant in the erection of Catherine to the Russian throne, the author of the manifesto on the accession and the text of the oath to the new empress. The new owner significantly expanded this territory by buying a plot with iron keys from the Okhta villagers, where he wanted to set up a medical institution. In 1773-1777. a small three-story house was built according to the project of Vasily Bazhenov.

In 1782, after the death of G.N. Teplov, the estate was sold by his son to Chancellor Alexander Andreyevich Bezborodko (1747-1799). For him, according to the project of the architect D. Quarenghi (some researchers dispute the authorship of Quarenghi in favor of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov - he is also credited with the authorship of the fence with lions) in 1783-1784, the old house was rebuilt and expanded: arched through colonnades were erected on both sides, connecting it with two-story outbuildings near the Neva, the main facade was crowned with a three-story pediment, a park was laid out to the north of the manor house. The building is made in the forms of strict classics of the late 18th century Roman Doric order. Generous for any new "wastefulness", Bezborodko spent huge amounts of money on decorating his summer residence and could confidently say that the look of his dacha and garden "took over everyone."

A two-tier front terrace-wharf was built on the embankment. On both sides of the pier were cannons for signals and salutes. The side stairs and grotto of the pier were lined with granite, and the terrace was decorated with four sculptures of sphinxes, one pair on the upper platform, the other on the lower one, and vases. During the Second World War, the terrace-wharf was destroyed. In 1959-1960. The wharf was restored according to the project of the architect A. L. Rotach and the technician G. F. Perlin with the reconstruction of the lost sculptures.

Simultaneously with the granite pier, in the late 1780s, a fence appeared, separating the front garden located in front of the manor house from the embankment. The fence consists of twenty-nine identical sculptures of lions holding massive cast-iron chains in their teeth. At the end of the 19th century, the fence from the side of the garden was complemented by a lattice of vertical peaks.

Alexander Andreevich was very fond of his country residence. Every summer morning from here he went with a report to the Empress, and returned by dinner. Here Bezborodko collected a collection of works of Western European art.

In the memoir literature, many stories about the luxury and splendor of the festivities that Bezborodko gave in his city house and in the country dacha have been preserved. An ardent admirer and patron of the theatrical environment, he arranged grandiose receptions at his dacha.

After the death of A.A. Bezborodko in 1799, the estate was inherited by his brother Ilya Andreevich. The dacha remained in his possession until 1815, after which it became the property of his two daughters, the eldest of whom Lyubov was married to Admiral Count G.G. Kushelev.

The merit of Alexander Grigoryevich Kushelev-Bezborodko, the grandson of Alexander Andreevich, was the further development of the territory of the estate based on the use of its main wealth - unique mineral water.

Under the new owner, Polyustrovo noticeably revives. Works are being carried out to dry the area, pipes are being laid, a common collection pool is being arranged to collect water. The bath building is under construction.

In the 1820s and 1830s, the process of leasing plots from the vast suburban estates of representatives of aristocratic families also affected the eastern part of the Vyborg side, bordering on the Okhta villages. The extensive plots of the estate to the west and east were divided into smaller ones for sale "without any extraneous conditions in the eternal and hereditary possession of 20 newly cut plots of land for the establishment of residential buildings, summer cottages, factories and the like."

In the early 1820s, the capital's newspapers began to place announcements about festivities taking place on Sundays and Thursdays at the Bezborodko dacha, with music, illumination, and fireworks.

At that time, the northern part of a large park pond was built on the site of the channel. In 1833, the territory of the Kushelev-Bezborodko park, together with the village of Polyustrovo, became part of the city as part of the Okhtensky section of the Vyborg part. Count Alexander Grigoryevich was granted the right by the Department of Artificial Affairs to build residential houses, dachas, factories, etc., on plots of land from his estate, not according to exemplary projects.

The first experience of creating a resort in Polustrov using mineral water for bathing began in 1838. The apothecary Fisher, on one of the plots leased by the count, opened baths with rooms for residents. By 1848, a wooden one-story dance pavilion was built at the Polyustrov resort, in the same years the Gothic pavilion of Tivoli was built.

An omnibus ran from the Public Library to Polustrovo, and from the late 1840s a steamship service was established here.

In addition to healing waters, the glory of Polyustrov was created by magnificent holidays for the townspeople. A brass band played here, dances were arranged, and gymnasts entertained the audience. M.I. came to the dacha to the count and stayed for a long time. Glinka, K.I. Bryullov, "Northern Bee" systematically prints reports on the grandiose festivities and festivities held at the Bezborodko dacha.

Alexander Grigoryevich died in 1855, and the Polustrovo estate passed to his eldest son Grigory, who raised the mineral water resort to a new level. The new owner ordered to build a building for 30 baths, for the heating of which a steam engine was ordered from England. Sulfur baths began to operate.

Count Grigory Alexandrovich, like his father, was a hospitable host. Several dozen writers constantly visited his estate. He himself was the founder and editor of the monthly literary and political journal Russkoye Slovo.

One of the brightest episodes in the life of the estate of this period was the one and a half month stay of Alexandre Dumas père in June-July 1858. The author of The Three Musketeers wrote: “We stopped in front of a large villa, two wings of which departed from the main building in a semicircle. The count's servants in ceremonial liveries lined up on the steps of the entrance. The Count and Countess got out of the carriage, and the kissing of hands began. Then they climbed the stairs to the second floor of the church. As soon as the count and countess crossed the threshold, the mass in honor of the "safe return" began, which the venerable priest had the sense not to drag out. At the end, everyone embraced, regardless of rank, and by order of the count, we were each shown to our quarters. My apartment was arranged on the ground floor and overlooked the garden. They adjoined a large beautiful hall used as a theater and consisted of an entrance hall, a small salon, a billiard room, a bedroom for Moinet and myself. After breakfast I went to the balcony. A wonderful view opened before me - from the embankment down to the river there are large granite stairs, over which six feet and fifty are erected.

At the top of the pole flutters a banner with the count's coat of arms. This is the pier of the count, where the Great Catherine stepped when she showed mercy to Bezborodko and took part in the holiday arranged in her honor.

In 1868, there was a major fire in Polustrov, after which they tried to restore the resort, but to no avail: the fire destroyed many dachas and all the entertainment facilities of the park and the mineral water resort. G.A. Bezborodko died in the spring of 1870. He bequeathed the springs to his peasants. The estate was inherited by the sister of Count L. A. Musina-Pushkin, who rented out the cottage.

In 1875, from the lands acquired by the architect Ts.A. Kavos, on the territory of the former garden of Kushelev-Bezborodko, allocated a plot for the construction of a rope factory. The building stretched along the entire southern border of the site - from the Okhta road to the far branch of the pond. Gradually, a wooden factory town with production, storage and living quarters is being formed here.

The northernmost territory, where there was a source of mineral water, was bought by Prince S.S. Abamelek-Lazarev, who organized the wide sale of bottled Polyustrovskaya water, as well as its home delivery. Under the new owner, the mineral water was produced under the brand name "Natural Mineral Water of Polyustrovskiye Springs".

In 1876, the territory to the west of the mansion was sold to the joint-stock company Slavic Brewery (since 1885 - "New Bavaria").

In the 1880s, the rest of the estate, including the main house, was sold to an honorary citizen, merchant Brusnitsyn. In 1896, the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy acquired Brusnitsyn's property to create a hospital. The palace was rebuilt, it housed a pharmacy, an outpatient clinic and apartments for employees. To the north of it, five hospital buildings were built, to the east of the mansion - a residential building for the sisters of mercy and the church of St. Panteleimon the Healer.

During the years of Soviet power, the completion of the process of industrialization of the area accelerated.

In 1913, civil engineer A.I. Stunkel developed a project for the reconstruction of the workshop of the Neva Rope Factory Association, which provides for its significant expansion. The outbreak of the First World War prevented the full implementation of the project - only one floor of the extension was built.

The mechanical plant "Promet", founded in 1914-1915 on a narrow plot between the house of the parable of the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy and Kushelevskiy lane, by the beginning of the 1930s occupied almost the entire southeastern and partially central part of the estate.

In 1917, after the October Revolution, the dacha came under the jurisdiction of the Gubzdrav and was given for the construction of a hospital named after M. K. Liebknecht.

During the Great Patriotic War, the estate was badly damaged.

During the construction of the modern Sverdlovsk embankment, the underground passage to the banks of the Neva was destroyed, the entrance from the estate was walled up.

The main work on the reconstruction of the estate with adaptation for a tuberculosis dispensary was carried out in 1960-1962. designed by architect V.S. Sherstnev (Institute "Leknproekt"). Two-story extensions adjacent directly to the side towers of the front facade of the building were dismantled. At the same time, restoration work is being carried out on the existing historical fences. In the 1970s a project for the improvement of the territory of the tuberculosis dispensary was carried out. In 1984, a selective overhaul of the building was carried out. The metal gate with a gate on stone pillars and the fence were restored in the late 1990s.

The lions at Bezborodko's dacha become participants in one of the scenes in Eldar Ryazanov's 1974 comedy The Incredible Adventures of Italians in Russia. According to the plot, the heroes have to find 9 billion Italian liras hidden in Leningrad "under the lion". “There are more lions in this city than people!” - the heroes of the picture say, counting the lion sculptures of the fence of the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha.

Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko was born in Glukhov in 1747. Count P.A. Rumyantsev recommended his intelligent employee to the Empress as a secretary, certifying him as follows: "I present to your majesty a diamond in the bark: your mind will give him a price."

The Empress had the opportunity to be convinced of the extraordinary memory of her secretary: she named some law, which Bezborodko immediately recited by heart, and when the empress requested a book with the law to make sure whether the decree was really set out exactly, Bezborodko also named the page on which it's printed.

The Count, then His Serene Highness Prince, Chief Director of the Post Office of the Russian Empire, actually led the country's foreign policy. Two years before his death, he was awarded by Paul I the highest rank of chancellor of the Russian Empire at that time.

Alexander Andreevich was known as an admirer of art, was a frequenter of the theater, and loved Russian songs. After himself, he left the richest art gallery, the quality and quantity of paintings was not inferior to Stroganov's.

Tereshchenko, the author of biographies of diplomatic dignitaries, wrote: “Appearing to the Empress in a French caftan, he sometimes did not notice the haggard stockings and torn buckles on his shoes, he was simple, somewhat awkward and heavy; in conversations he was either cheerful or thoughtful.”

In his house on Pochtamtskaya Street, petitioners were constantly crowded, whom he tried to help, which earned him a reputation as a kind person.

Count Komarovsky, according to his son-in-law, left a description of Bezborodko's home life: "There was nothing more pleasant to hear the conversation of Count Bezborodko. He was gifted with an extraordinary memory<…>the fluency with which, while reading, he grasped the meaning of any speech is almost unbelievable. I happened to see that an enormous package of papers would be brought to him from the Empress; after dinner he usually sat on the sofa and always asked that they not bother him and continue talking, meanwhile he would just turn over the sheets and sometimes interfere in the conversation of his guests, without ceasing to read the papers at the same time. If what he read did not contain a state secret, he told us the contents of it.

The estate of Kushelev-Bezborodko had many rich and enterprising owners. Even before the founding of St. Petersburg, there was a garden of the Swedish commandant of the Nyenschanz fortress. In 1718, the new owner of these lands, Peter I's personal physician Lavrenty Blumentrost, discovered healing springs here. (According to another version, Robert Karlovich Areskin was the discoverer of the sources.) Thus began the glorious history of Polyustrov, which got its name because of the ferruginous springs and swampy terrain (from the Latin "paluster" - "swampy").

At the end of the 18th century, Grigory Nikolaevich Teplov, one of the most educated people of his time, Catherine's nobleman and secret adviser to the Empress, became the owner of Polyustrov. In the 1770s, a manor was built for Grigory Nikolaevich: a three-story house with a balcony and round towers on the sides, the authorship of which is attributed to Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov.

In 1779, Teplov dies, his son Alexei sells the estate to His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko. He rebuilds the estate: the manor house is being built under the supervision of Giacomo Quarenghi (there is an alternative version about the authorship of Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov), a park with ponds, gazebos, grottoes is being laid out. One of the main attractions of the estate is a sculptural fence with 29 lions holding a chain (no documents have been preserved that shed light on the authorship, time and place of creation of these sculptures).

Around the same time, in the 1780s, the construction of the pier, which was connected to the manor house by an underground passage, also dates back. Alexander Andreevich gave magnificent balls that thundered throughout St. Petersburg. Empress Catherine II herself was among the guests at these festivities!

Since Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko had no legitimate children, after his death the estate was inherited by distant relatives. In 1816, by decree of Emperor Alexander I, the surname Bezborodko, due to the termination of offspring in the male line, was transferred to the eldest in the family of the Counts Kushelev - Alexander Grigoryevich, who was the husband of one of Bezborodko's granddaughters.

It was thanks to the efforts of Count Alexander Grigoryevich and his son Grigory Alexandrovich Kushelev-Bezborodko that Polustrovo became a fashionable resort in the middle of the 19th century: here they were treated for anemia, corrected nervous disorders, and took healthy carbon dioxide and mud baths. Artists Ilya Efimovich Repin and Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev, composers Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, artists of the Alexandrinsky Theater, representatives of the Russian aristocracy and guests from abroad rested and treated here. There was even such a phrase among the people: "To Polustrovo - to water and entertainment." The resort was equipped with the latest technology: the owners even ordered a special steam engine from England. And for the amusement of vacationers, concerts and fireworks were often given here.

The happy history of the Polustrovo resort was interrupted by a devastating fire in 1868, which destroyed almost all of its buildings. By that time, the estate was already owned by the heirs of G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko, who did not begin to restore the resort. A huge plot of land went up for sale. Ultimately, the former manor house was acquired by the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy in 1896, and the brewery bought another part of the park. Then this place changed many owners, mainly medical institutions. Until recently, the building, which was in a deplorable state, was occupied by an anti-tuberculosis dispensary. Now the building has been handed over to an investor who plans to turn the old estate into a cultural and business center, and is awaiting restoration.