Presentation on the theme of paris in history. Presentation on the topic "Sights of Paris"
Nizhny Novgorod
slide 2
SITE ISLAND
Paris arose on the island of the City in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. a tribe of the Parisians settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use, it was replaced by the name "city of the Parisians", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of the City, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Now, from the medieval buildings of the eastern part of the Cité, only the Cathedral of Notre Dame has survived.
slide 3
CATHEDRAL OF NOTHER DAME OF PARIS
The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building came to us in an unfinished state. Two of its 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.
slide 4
The cathedral is a five-aisled basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, vault height 35 m). The entrance overlooks the central high nave, the choir and the altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)
slide 5
STAINED GLASS "ROSES"
Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only the stained-glass windows of the “rose” have been preserved - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.
slide 6
SQUARE JOHN XXIII
Behind the southern facade of the Notre Dame Cathedral is the square of John XXIII. On the site of the square, at first there was a construction waste dump, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop.
In 1831, the building was demolished, the prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, bought the wasteland, planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the virgin (1845).
Slide 7
CONCIERGERY
Conciergerie - part of the royal castle of the Capet era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the hall of warriors, the hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and the courtyard have been preserved in the castle
Slide 8
NEW BRIDGE
The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge was so strong that it was never rebuilt.
Slide 9
Equestrian STATUE OF HEINRICH IV
In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but in 1818 it was restored by the sculptor Lemo.
Slide 10
BASILICA SACRE-CORE
When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Leganty and Roo de Fleury, swore that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, the construction of the basilica began with donations from the people. The project was designed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the church took place in 1919.
The basilica was built in neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass windows and mosaics.
slide 11
CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE OF THE INVALIDES
Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them.
The Cathedral of the Les Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural elegance and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. The huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire.
Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.
slide 12
PANTHEON
In 1744, seriously ill Louis XV vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marufle canvases pasted on stone walls. The painting cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.
slide 13
In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the dome of the Pantheon (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartolome, 1912), “To the glory of the generals of the revolution” (Gask, 1925), “To orators and publicists of the Restoration era” (Marquest , 1919), Diderot and the Encyclopedists (Treroir, 1925) and The National Convention (Sicard, 1924)
Slide 14
FOUCAULT PENDULUM
Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working replica of Foucault's pendulum, with which the physicist Léon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.
slide 15
PALE ROYAL
The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace became known as the Royal Palace (Palais Royal).
The architectural ensemble of the Palais-Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame the inner garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.
Slide 17
CONSENT SQUARE
The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.
Slide 18
TUILRIES
In the 16th century, there was a landfill on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - in French "tuile", from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.
Slide 19
TRIUMPHAL ARCH ON CAROUSEL SQUARE
The triumphal arch was erected in the early 19th century in honor of the victories of Napoleon. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as a solemn entrance to the residence of the emperor - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.
Slide 20
LUVR
The palace complex of the Louvre evolved over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip-Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the island of Cité. The fortress was called the Louvre (from leovar - fortification) In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence.
In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.
slide 21
Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Court. In 1981, a decision was made to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, the area of the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.
slide 22
MUSEUM OF THE LOUVRE
As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The basis of the exposition was the collections of the French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum holds more than 25,000 works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The gems of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace.
Venus de Milo
slide 23
CHURCH OF SAINT EUSTACHE
The Church of Sainte-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money collected by merchants located nearby the market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns.
Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here, Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.
slide 24
PALACE OF JUSTICE
In ancient times, the palace of the Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was housed in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court of France - the Court of Cassation.
Slide 25
SAINT CHAPELLE
The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store a relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ.
Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. At the top there was a service for the royal family. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates from the 15th century. The stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved in the lancet windows - 1134 scenes on biblical subjects.
slide 26
Field of Mars
The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and named after the god of war. The first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments on aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to rise in a balloon (1784) took place here. In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.
Slide 27
EIFFEL TOWER
The symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was built by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit of the World Industrial Exhibition.
The 324-meter tower has 3 observation decks: at a height of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the top observation deck, the view can cover a space with a radius of up to 70 km.
Slide 28
PARIS FROM THE EIFFEL TOWER
Slide 29
EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, according to which floodlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and elegance of the structure.
Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding a yellow pigment to the paint, which, in the rays of spotlights and lamps, gives an additional glow.
slide 30
MOULIN ROUGE
The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge stage is the birthplace of the cancan. Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli performed on the cabaret stage.
In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with the latest technology; only the wings of the Red Mill survived from the old building.
Slide 31
CENTRAL MARKET FORUM
There used to be swamps here. Then the land was drained and in 1137 a market was opened, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in the novel The Belly of Paris. The name was liked by the Parisians and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and in its place, the construction of a modern shopping center began. Original buildings made of glass and metal rose above the ground, and a real underground city was created inside. Four underground floors of the Forum go down 17.5 m. Daylight penetrates through the glazed galleries through a complex system of mirrors.
slide 32
The forum accommodates about 250 shops, 20 bars and fast food restaurants, 23 cinema halls, a swimming pool, a sports center, a multimedia library, a winter garden, dance and music halls.
Slide 33
MONTPARNACE TOWER
The tower of black glass and steel, built in 1973 by the architects Baudouin, Cassan, de Marian and Szabo, rises 210 m above Paris. The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 m in 38 seconds. At 56 and 59 viewing platforms are open on the th floors of the tower. The appearance of a European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that it was decided not to build such high-rise buildings in the central part of the city.
slide 34
VIEW OF PARIS FROM THE MONTPARNACE TOWER
Slide 35
DEFENSE DISTRICT
Defense is a business and shopping district in the northwestern part of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. under the direction of the architect Le Corbusier. "Defense" is translated as "defense", and according to the plan of the city planners, the area should play the role of a "shield", protecting the historical part of Paris, which developed in the 17-19 centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.
slide 36
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:
- * Paris in your pocket. - St. Petersburg: Welcome Publishing House, 2008
- * Paris. - Moscow: Publishing house "Vokrug sveta", 2007.
- * France. - Moscow: Publishing house "Vokrug sveta", 2007.
View all slides
slide 1
Project "Let's open the world to each other" Nomination "I'll show you this city"
PARIS Completed by: Ivan Smirnov, CLIO team, school No. 185, Nizhny Novgorod
slide 2
SITE ISLAND
Paris arose on the island of the City in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. a tribe of the Parisians settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use, it was replaced by the name "city of the Parisians", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of the City, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Now, from the medieval buildings of the eastern part of the Cité, only the Cathedral of Notre Dame has survived.
slide 3
CATHEDRAL OF NOTHER DAME OF PARIS
The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building came to us in an unfinished state. Two of its 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.
slide 4
slide 5
STAINED GLASS "ROSES"
Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only the stained-glass windows of the “rose” have been preserved - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.
slide 6
SQUARE JOHN XXIII
Behind the southern facade of the Notre Dame Cathedral is the square of John XXIII. On the site of the square, at first there was a construction waste dump, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, bought the wasteland, planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the virgin (1845).
Slide 7
CONCIERGERY
Conciergerie - part of the royal castle of the Capet era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the hall of warriors, the hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and the courtyard have been preserved in the castle
Slide 8
NEW BRIDGE
The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge was so strong that it was never rebuilt.
Slide 9
Equestrian STATUE OF HEINRICH IV
In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but in 1818 it was restored by the sculptor Lemo.
Slide 10
BASILICA SACRE-CORE
When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Leganty and Roo de Fleury, swore that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, the construction of the basilica began with donations from the people. The project was designed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass windows and mosaics.
slide 11
CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE OF THE INVALIDES
Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them. The Cathedral of the Les Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural elegance and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. The huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.
slide 12
In 1744, seriously ill Louis XV vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marufle canvases pasted on stone walls. The painting cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.
slide 13
In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the dome of the Pantheon (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartolome, 1912), “To the glory of the generals of the revolution” (Gask, 1925), “To orators and publicists of the Restoration era” (Marquest , 1919), Diderot and the Encyclopedists (Treroir, 1925) and The National Convention (Sicard, 1924)
Slide 14
FOUCAULT PENDULUM
Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working replica of Foucault's pendulum, with which the physicist Léon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.
slide 15
PALE ROYAL
The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace became known as the Royal Palace (Palais Royal). The architectural ensemble of the Palais-Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame the inner garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.
Slide 17
CONSENT SQUARE
The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.
Slide 18
In the 16th century, there was a landfill on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - in French "tuile", from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.
Slide 19
TRIUMPHAL ARCH ON CAROUSEL SQUARE
The triumphal arch was erected in the early 19th century in honor of the victories of Napoleon. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as a solemn entrance to the residence of the emperor - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.
Slide 20
The palace complex of the Louvre evolved over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip-Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the island of Cité. The fortress was called the Louvre (from leovar - fortification) In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.
slide 21
Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Court. In 1981, a decision was made to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, the area of the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.
slide 22
MUSEUM OF THE LOUVRE
As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The basis of the exposition was the collections of the French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum holds more than 25,000 works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The gems of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace.
Venus de Milo
slide 23
CHURCH OF SAINT EUSTACHE
The Church of Sainte-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money collected by merchants located nearby the market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here, Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.
slide 24
PALACE OF JUSTICE
In ancient times, the palace of the Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was housed in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court of France - the Court of Cassation.
Slide 25
SAINT CHAPELLE
The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store a relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. At the top there was a service for the royal family. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates from the 15th century. The stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved in the lancet windows - 1134 scenes on biblical subjects.
slide 26
Field of Mars
The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and named after the god of war. The first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments on aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to rise in a balloon (1784) took place here. In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.
Slide 29
EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, according to which floodlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and elegance of the structure. In 2000, they added "star twinkle" - the lights running at great speed create the effect of a wonderful firework. Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding a yellow pigment to the paint, which, in the rays of spotlights and lamps, gives an additional glow.
slide 30
MOULIN ROUGE
The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge stage is the birthplace of the cancan. Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli performed on the cabaret stage. In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with the latest technology; only the wings of the Red Mill survived from the old building.
Slide 31
CENTRAL MARKET FORUM
There used to be swamps here. Then the land was drained and in 1137 a market was opened, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in the novel The Belly of Paris. The name was liked by the Parisians and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and in its place, the construction of a modern shopping center began. Original buildings made of glass and metal rose above the ground, and a real underground city was created inside. Four underground floors of the Forum go down 17.5 m. Daylight penetrates through the glazed galleries through a complex system of mirrors.
MONTPARNACE TOWER
The tower of black glass and steel, built in 1973 by the architects Baudouin, Cassan, de Marian and Szabo, rises 210 m above Paris. The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 m in 38 seconds. At 56 and 59 viewing platforms are open on the th floors of the tower. The appearance of a European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that it was decided not to build such high-rise buildings in the central part of the city.
slide 34
Slide 35
DEFENSE DISTRICT
Defense is a business and shopping district in the northwestern part of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. under the direction of the architect Le Corbusier. "Defense" is translated as "defense", and according to the plan of the city planners, the area should play the role of a "shield", protecting the historical part of Paris, which developed in the 17-19 centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.
slide 36
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:
* Paris in your pocket. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Welcome", 2008 * Paris. - Moscow: Publishing house "Around the world", 2007 * France. - Moscow: Publishing house "Vokrug sveta", 2007.
Groups 09-SMOS-23
Kostiv Julia
Checked by: Isaeva I. Yu.
Shchipkov O. V.
Department of Education GBOU SPO TK No. 43
slide 2
www.themegallery.com
Paris is the capital of France, the most important economic and cultural center of the country, located in the northern part of central France, in the Ile-de-France region on the banks of the Seine River. In addition, Paris is of great international importance - the headquarters of UNESCO, the OECD and the International Chamber of Commerce are located here.
slide 3
www.themegallery.com
Throughout the existence of France, Paris has been a treasure of the nation, fraught with centuries-old culture and incredible charm. More than 27 million tourists come to Paris every year to get to know this amazing city better. If you ask the locals to tell you a few facts about their city, the dialogue is usually limited to the Eiffel Tower or the Arc de Triomphe, wonderful local cuisine and modern fashion. However, we want to tell you about the lesser-known details of Paris, which are sometimes not even known to the inhabitants of the French capital themselves.
slide 4
www.themegallery.com
Many dream of Paris almost from early childhood. The dream comes true, but, what is most interesting, most of all, the rest in France is remembered not by the beautiful architecture, not by French dishes and not by fashionable shops, but by such a seemingly banal mode of transport as the subway. The reason for this was the following episode: Russian tourists, who descended for the first time into the "Paris subway", could not get into the subway car. The train stopped, but the doors did not open in front of them; after standing for a while, the train moved on. The amazed girls found out only by the example of the next train and the French, who were accustomed to what was happening, that in the Paris metro, passengers themselves must open and close the doors in the cars. In addition, the Paris metro (very shallow) does not announce stations, and there are no metro employees at the turnstiles - such a self-service system.
slide 5
www.themegallery.com
Do not be surprised if a Frenchman whom you turned to for help on one of the streets of Paris answers your simple and understandable question in English in French. The French are very jealous of their language, to such an extent that in 1994 a special law was passed that regulates the rules for the use of English words. French linguists even deliberately introduced a number of new terms and concepts to replace those whose appearance was due to new foreign scientific developments and technology. Parisians are more than confident that their native language is no worse than English and quite often pretend that they do not know English words and expressions.
slide 6
www.themegallery.com
Merchants on the Champs Elysees often make Russian tourists smile. Groups of energetic African Americans, hung with small eiffel turrets and headscarves, literally stick around tourists from all sides. As soon as they understand what country you come from, they begin to guess your name: “Julia? Katia! Marina?!" The gendarmes on bicycles disperse the merchants - a rather unusual and even strange picture.
Slide 7
www.themegallery.com
The fountain in front of the Eiffel Tower can be considered an unofficial place for swimming and relaxing on the grass under the sun in hot weather. This is a place for pleasant meetings and no less pleasant new acquaintances, people are friendly and open to communication.
Slide 8
www.themegallery.com
A loaf under the arm of passers-by is already an old tradition and one of the symbols of France. After all, a baguette (baguette) - a long soft loaf of flour, yeast, salt and water is an invention of the French. In France, in general, an unusual number of shops selling bread and various floury sweets. The most popular of the flour products are called croque-monsieur (croque-monsieur) and croque-madame (croque-madame). The first is two long baked baguette halves, pre-buttered and lined with ham and cheese. Croque Madame is different in that its filling is complemented by a flirtatious egg yolk.
Slide 9
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The following unusual fact from Paris is not for aesthetes. The thing is that Parisians are crazy about dogs, which are more numerous in the city than children and can appear with them in many public places, including in a number of restaurants. The four-legged friends of man in Paris number in excess of half a million. Of course, this is one of the reasons why you need to walk the streets of the French capital with caution. In addition to dog excrement, it is quite normal to find streams of soapy water under your feet - this is a consequence of the work to clean up the city. One of the special machines for such work is codenamed "motorcycle vacuum cleaner".
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Translucent polyethylene urns are the norm in Paris, despite the fact that they can hardly be called an adornment of the city. The replacement for this unsightly design was due to several explosions organized by terrorists in 1995, when explosive devices were thrown into garbage cans.
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In Paris, you can drink water straight from the tap. Residents of the French capital are extremely proud of the water treatment and sewerage system in their city. There is even an unusual Sewers Museum in Paris.
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And now a little digression into history... Not everyone had and now likes the unusual building of Paris - the Eiffel Tower, which is emphasized the main attraction when you choose tours to Paris. Many consider this symbol of France to be a real ugliness, one of these many was the famous writer Guy de Maupassant. Meanwhile, he regularly dined at the restaurant of the Eiffel Tower, which caused amazement among those around him. Once he was asked: “Why do you dine in the tower, do you hate it ?!” In response, the writer called the restaurant in the Eiffel Tower "the only place where this nightmare is not visible."
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The Paris Metro is the 6th busiest in the world.
In 2010, 1.48 billion passengers traveled on the Paris subway, and despite the fact that this is 10 million less than the New York subway, in 2011 the situation will undoubtedly change in favor of the Paris subway. In addition, the Paris underground public transport system is one of the oldest in Europe, second only to London and Budapest.
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Highest and lowest temperatures in Paris
The record for the highest temperature in the city was set on July 28, 1948, when the thermometer rose to 40.4 degrees Celsius. On the coldest and frostiest days, the screens of shopping malls displayed a figure of -23.9 degrees.
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Paris turns into a cycling city
A few decades ago, Paris was a car city with polluted air, but in the late 90s, the situation began to change for the better. To date, the city has more than 440 kilometers of bicycle paths. It is planned that by 2014 this figure will increase to 700 kilometers.
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Paris has the largest number of fashionable restaurants
In Paris, there are all the restaurants that are full of their names on the front pages of the most famous print media. Despite the fact that this fact is not a secret for local residents, visiting tourists are always surprised by the variety of places where you can have a romantic dinner with your beloved one or have fun with a large group of friends.
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The Eiffel Tower cannot be photographed at night
Yes, we were not mistaken. At least without special permission from the tower management. Back in 1990, a French court ruled that all lights on the Eiffel Tower were protected by copyright. Therefore, do not rush to post photos of Paris at night on your blog - you are breaking the law of France. According to the French, all night photos of the tower posted on the Internet were officially authorized by the administration.
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Vladimir Vysotsky almost went to jail in Paris. One night, having parked next to the house where he lived with Marina Vlady, Vysotsky began, in the Soviet habit, to remove the wipers and mirror from the car. A policeman passing by, naturally, decided that this was a thief and took Vysotsky to the police. Fortunately, Marina Vlady arrived in time. The policeman released Vysotsky with the words: "Sorry, monsieur, I did not know that you were Russian."
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The Eiffel Tower, as well as the Mona Lisa exhibited in the Louvre, made the list of the most disappointing sights. The small Mona Lisa is almost impossible to see through the unrelenting crowd of tourists. Every day the Louvre is visited by 25,000 people.
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The Eiffel Tower was built for a period of only 20 years. It was assumed that after that the tower would be dismantled. After all, what is the point of demonstrating the exhibit of the World Exhibition longer, which was the Eiffel Tower, built to demonstrate French engineering achievements.
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The oldest surviving bridge in Paris across the Seine River is called Pont Neuf (Pont Neuf), that is, the "New Bridge".
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There is an opinion that modern Paris is designed for war. In the middle of the 19th century, many old streets of the city were expanded and straightened. The fact is that wide streets are more difficult to barricade.
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For a long time in Europe, the concept of the "Paris meridian" was used. It was the prime meridian on French maps. On the line of this meridian is the Paris Observatory.
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Presentation on the topic: “My beloved Paris” Completed by: student of Group 09-SMOS-23 Kostiv Julia Checked by: Isaeva I. Yu.slide 2
www.themegallery.com Company Logo Paris is the capital of France, the most important economic and cultural center of the country, located in the northern part of central France, in the Ile-de-France region on the banks of the Seine River. In addition, Paris is of great international importance - the headquarters of UNESCO, the OECD and the International Chamber of Commerce are located here. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Throughout the existence of France, Paris has been a treasure of the nation, fraught with centuries-old culture and incredible charm. More than 27 million tourists come to Paris every year to get to know this amazing city better. If you ask the locals to tell you a few facts about their city, the dialogue is usually limited to the Eiffel Tower or the Arc de Triomphe, wonderful local cuisine and modern fashion. However, we want to tell you about the lesser-known details of Paris, which are sometimes not even known to the inhabitants of the French capital themselves. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Many people have been dreaming of Paris since their early childhood. The dream comes true, but, what is most interesting, most of all, the rest in France is remembered not by the beautiful architecture, not by French dishes and not by fashionable shops, but by such a seemingly banal mode of transport as the subway. The reason for this was the following episode: Russian tourists, who descended for the first time into the "Paris subway", could not get into the subway car. The train stopped, but the doors did not open in front of them; after standing for a while, the train moved on. The amazed girls found out only by the example of the next train and the French, who were accustomed to what was happening, that in the Paris metro, passengers themselves must open and close the doors in the cars. In addition, the Paris metro (very shallow) does not announce stations, and there are no metro employees at the turnstiles - such a self-service system. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Don't be surprised if a Frenchman you turn to for help on one of the streets of Paris answers your simple and understandable question in English in French. The French are very jealous of their language, to such an extent that in 1994 a special law was passed that regulates the rules for the use of English words. French linguists even deliberately introduced a number of new terms and concepts to replace those whose appearance was due to new foreign scientific developments and technology. Parisians are more than confident that their native language is no worse than English and quite often pretend that they do not know English words and expressions. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Traders on the Champs Elysees often make Russian tourists smile. Groups of energetic African Americans, hung with small eiffel turrets and headscarves, literally stick around tourists from all sides. As soon as they understand what country you come from, they begin to guess your name: “Julia? Katia! Marina?!" The gendarmes on bicycles disperse the merchants - a rather unusual and even strange picture. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo The fountain in front of the Eiffel Tower can be considered an unofficial place for swimming and relaxing on the grass under the sun in hot weather. This is a place for pleasant meetings and no less pleasant new acquaintances, people are friendly and open for communication. Company Logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Add your Title Text n here Text in here A loaf under the arm of passers-by is already an old tradition and one of the symbols of France. After all, a baguette (baguette) - a long soft loaf of flour, yeast, salt and water is an invention of the French. In France, in general, an unusual number of shops selling bread and various floury sweets. The most popular of the flour products are called croque-monsieur (croque-monsieur) and croque-madame (croque-madame). The first is two long baked baguette halves, pre-buttered and lined with ham and cheese. Croque Madame is different in that its filling is complemented by a flirtatious egg yolk. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo The following unusual fact from Paris is not for aesthetes. The thing is that Parisians are crazy about dogs, which are more numerous in the city than children and can appear with them in many public places, including in a number of restaurants. The four-legged friends of man in Paris number in excess of half a million. Of course, this is one of the reasons why you need to walk the streets of the French capital with caution. In addition to dog excrement, it is quite normal to find streams of soapy water under your feet - this is a consequence of the work to clean up the city. One of the special machines for such work is codenamed "motorcycle vacuum cleaner". company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Translucent polyethylene bins are the norm in Paris, despite the fact that they can hardly be called a decoration of the city. The replacement for this unsightly design was due to several explosions organized by terrorists in 1995, when explosive devices were thrown into garbage cans. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo In Paris you can drink water straight from the tap. Residents of the French capital are extremely proud of the water treatment and sewerage system in their city. There is even an unusual Sewers Museum in Paris. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo And now a little digression into history... Not everyone had and still likes the unusual structure of Paris - the Eiffel Tower, which is emphasized the main attraction when you choose tours to Paris. Many consider this symbol of France to be a real ugliness, one of these many was the famous writer Guy de Maupassant. Meanwhile, he regularly dined at the restaurant of the Eiffel Tower, which caused amazement among those around him. Once he was asked: “Why do you dine in the tower, do you hate it ?!” In response, the writer called the restaurant in the Eiffel Tower "the only place where this nightmare is not visible." company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo The Paris metro is the 6th busiest in the world. In 2010, 1.48 billion passengers traveled on the Paris subway, and despite the fact that this is 10 million less than the New York subway, in 2011 the situation will undoubtedly change in favor of the Paris subway. In addition, the Paris underground public transport system is one of the oldest in Europe, second only to London and Budapest. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Paris' Highest and Lowest Temperatures The record for the city's hottest temperature was set on July 28, 1948, when the thermometer rose to 40.4 degrees Celsius. On the coldest and frostiest days, the screens of shopping malls displayed a figure of -23.9 degrees. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Your Text Paris is turning into a cycling city A few decades ago, Paris was a car city with polluted air, but in the late 90s things began to change for the better. To date, the city has more than 440 kilometers of bicycle paths. It is planned that by 2014 this figure will increase to 700 kilometers. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Paris has the largest number of fashionable restaurants Paris is home to all the restaurants that feature their names on the front pages of the most famous print publications. Despite the fact that this fact is not a secret for local residents, visiting tourists are always surprised by the variety of places where you can have a romantic dinner with your beloved one or have fun with a large group of friends. company logo
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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Add our Title Add Your Title The Eiffel Tower is not allowed to be photographed at night Yes, we were not mistaken. At least without special permission from the tower management. Back in 1990, a French court ruled that all lights on the Eiffel Tower were protected by copyright. Therefore, do not rush to post photos of Paris at night on your blog - you are breaking the law of France. According to the French, all night photos of the tower posted on the Internet were officially authorized by the administration. company logo
Paris
Limanskaya Nastya 10-A
Paris
Limanskaya Anastasia 10-A.
City `s history.
Attractions: 1. Eiffel Tower. 2. Louvre. 3. Versailles. 4. Cinema "Geode".
Video
Plan
Paris is at the crossroads of trade routes and rivers, in the heart of a rich agricultural region. It was one of the main cities of France in the 10th century, with a royal palace, rich abbeys and cathedrals. In the 12th century, Paris became one of the first centers in Europe for education and the arts. Throughout its existence, Paris has always been at the center of events that marked the history of France.
City `s history.
Coat of arms of Paris
Paris of the 20th century.
Paris in the 11th century.
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Paris, already a city of the Franks, for some time was only a modest residence, first of the Merovingian, and then of the Carolingian kings. It turned into a true capital in 987, when Hugh Capet founded a new dynasty and gave the city a status that it retained throughout the history of France. At the end of the Middle Ages, the city had about 200 thousand inhabitants. Starting from the reign of Francis I, during which the first pavilions of the Louvre were built, and until the French Revolution, the city grew relatively slowly.
Only since the 16th century, the capital of France has been constantly growing and developing again. The Fronde forced the kings to move the residence outside the city, but Paris continues to expand and build up.
Paris in the Middle Ages
In the XVIII century, Paris becomes a recognized trendsetter, entertainment center.
The storming of the Bastille in July 1789 became one of the main actions of the Parisians during the First French Revolution, and the Parisians also played far from the last roles in the subsequent Second and Third Revolutions.
During the era of the French Revolution, the architecture of the city practically did not change. Due to the emigration of their owners, many mansions were abandoned, churches were closed.
In the 1990s and the first decade of the 20th century, also known as the Belle Epoque, France experienced an unprecedented rise and economic development.
After the October Revolution, Paris is the capital of Russian emigration. In the late 1960s - early. 1970s work on the reconstruction of the city is expanding. New buildings with modern architectural forms are changing the traditional face of Paris.
Paris XVIII-XX century
And today Paris retains all its importance, triumphal grandeur and charm, despite the fact that its face is being changed by construction projects such as Beaubourg and the ambitious Grands Projects building program carried out during the presidency of François Mitterrand. In addition to the Grand Arch of Defense and the Opéra Bastille, Mitterrand's projects included the renovation of the Louvre by architect Pei, the La Villette complex on the northeastern outskirts of the city, and in the southeast, the Bibliothèque de France, which was equipped with state-of-the-art computers.
The capital of France today
The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, world famous as a symbol of France, named after its designer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel himself called it simply - a 300-meter tower. In 2006, 6,719,200 people visited the tower, and in its entire history until December 31, 2007, 236,445,812 people. That is, the tower is the most visited and most photographed landmark in the world. This symbol of Paris was conceived as a temporary structure - the tower served as the entrance arch of the Paris World Exhibition in 1889. From the planned demolition (20 years after the exhibition), the tower was saved by radio antennas installed at the very top - this was the era of the introduction of radio.
Eiffel Tower.
The Louvre is one of the largest museums in the world The museum is located in the center of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine, on Rue Rivoli, in the 1st arrondissement of the capital.
The building of the museum is an ancient royal palace. The equestrian statue of Louis XIV marks the starting point of the so-called historical axis of Paris, but the palace is not aligned with it.
The Louvre is one of the oldest museums with a rich history of collecting art and historical relics in France, from the time of the Capetian dynasty to the present day.
Everything was collected in the Louvre, this museum can be called universal. His collections cover vast geographic and temporal spaces: from Western Europe to Iran through Greece, Egypt and the Middle East; from antiquity to 1848. European art of the latest period of time - from 1848 to the present day - is presented at the Musée d'Orsay and the Georges Pompidou Center, and Asian art is exhibited at the Guimet Museum. The art of Africa, America and Oceania is on display at the Quai Branly Museum.