The former librarian of the British Admiralty, L. G. Carr Lufton, pointed out in his work that the characteristic rigging of a schooner is two gaff sails and a headsail. In addition, he notes that already in 1630 prototypes of schooners without a headsail were used in Holland. In 1780, Falconer's Universal Nautical Dictionary defined a schooner as "a small two-masted vessel, the main sail and foresail being suspended from gaffs passing under the booms, the stern ends of which are attached to the iron surrounding the mast so as to rotate about an axis, the rear the ends move first to one side or the other of the ship." The word probably comes from the Scottish schoon, meaning to slide on water. The word "schooner" was first recorded in February 1717 in a Boston newsletter.

The schooner was a small ship. It was usually operated by a crew of several people. The schooner had two or three masts. The sailing rig was gaff. The bowsprit carried two triangular sails - a jib and a boom jib. The fork staysail was the third sail. In the event that two topsails were built on the foremast instead of a topsail, the schooner was called a topsail. These ships were mainly used in the merchant fleet. In the 19th century the number of masts on schooners was increased, and sails were installed only in oblique shape.

The narrow hull and large sail area made them fast; the typical schooner speed with a tailwind exceeded 11 knots. The schooner's draft was also shallow, which allowed them to sail freely among the shallows and close to the shore.

With a displacement of up to 100 tons, the pirate schooner carried 8 cannons and a crew of about 75 people.

The drawback of the schooner was its insufficient cruising range. It was necessary to frequently call at ports to replenish water and food supplies. However, with sufficient knowledge and skill, the pirates took everything they needed into the sea.

Most schooners were two-masted. But at the end of the 18th century there was a version of three-masted schooners, which were often called "Tern Schooners". The first such schooner used in the navy was the Revenge. Built in Baltimore in 1805, this schooner was later renamed Flying Fish by the Admiralty. Its characteristics are: length - 79 feet (24 m), width - 22 feet (7 m) and weight - 150 tons. Armament: 10 twelve-pound carronades.

Schooners were first used as warships during the Seven Years' War of 1755 - 1763 (the period of the wars with the French and Indians). The first schooner built by the Americans for the Royal Navy was a ship called Barbadoes. On 15 March 1757, she was acquired by a flotilla under Moore, stationed at English Harbour, Antigua. Barbadoes was 80 feet long, 22 feet wide, had a draft of 9 feet, and weighed 130 tons. The ship carried fourteen 3-pounder guns and probably approximately the same number of rotary cannons. The important role that schooners played in coastal waters is confirmed by the following fact. In 1763, Captain James Cook (later famous for being the first known European to land in Australia) was given command of the war schooner Grenville, in which he was to explore the eastern shores of what is now Canada. He did this for four years, and every winter he had to cross the North Atlantic Ocean. Schooners were not included in the fleets of other European powers until the 1760s.

Undoubtedly, the most famous class of schooners is the Baltimore Clippers. Built in the early 1800s, these ships had a number of features that set them apart from other schooners. All of them were about 100 feet in length, their mainmast was offset to the stern, and the foremast was almost equal in height to the mainmast. All of these schooners had a heart-shaped midsection and a sloped rear. The first known Baltimore clipper was the British schooner Berbice, built in Virginia in 1798. It was shorter than its later-built relatives, reaching a length of only 73 feet. Her beam was 21 feet, her draft was 9 feet, and her weight was 100 tons. Armament consisted of eight 4-pounder guns and four rotary cannons. The heyday of the American version of the Baltimore clipper dates back to the War of 1812, when ships of this class managed to capture over 500 British ships.

The most famous American schooner used as a privateer (private armed vessel) was the Prince de Neufchatel. Built in New York in 1812, she had the following characteristics: length - 110 feet (34 m), beam - 26 feet (8 m), draft - 12 feet (4 m) and weight - 328 tons. Armament - 2 six-pounder pursuit guns and 16 twelve-pounder carronades (short-barreled guns, named from the Scottish "Carron"). She was not converted into a merchant ship, but was created as a privateer. The project turned out to be successful - the Prince De Neufchatel was superior to at least 17 British warships. The schooner turned out to be so successful that on October 11, 1812, its valiant crew disabled the British 40-gun frigate Endymion in a naval battle.

In 1902, the Americans managed to build a seven-masted schooner with a metal hull, the Thomas W. Lawson. Her characteristics: length - 370 feet (113 m), beam - 50 feet (15 m), draft - 35 feet (11 m) and weight 5218 tons. The schooner was so horribly poorly handled that someone once described her handling as “like a beached whale.”

Main sources:

Currently, a ship is called a warship. Tankers, bulk carriers, dry cargo ships, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once upon a time, at the dawn of shipping, when humanity was still filling the white spaces on sailing directions with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailing ship was considered a ship. Each of them had guns on board, and the crew consisted of desperate young men who were ready to do anything for the sake of profit and the romance of distant travels. Then, in these turbulent centuries, a division into types of ships occurred. The list, taking into account modern additions, would be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe we can add some rowing ships.

Galleys

Getting into them is an unenviable lot. In ancient times, such punishment awaited inveterate criminals. They already existed in Ancient Egypt, Fincia, and Hellas. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. The main driving force was those same convicts, but they were sometimes assisted by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. By modern standards, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and their length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those distant times the size of the ships was not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, in no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of galleys consists of ballistae and bow rams; in later centuries, these weapons were supplemented by artillery. The progress, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.

Barki

So, a barque (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word “bark”) is a ship with a number of masts from three to five. All its sails are straight, with the exception of the mizzen (stern mast) rigging. Barks are quite large vessels, for example, “Kruzenshtern” has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 m, and a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, its design also includes an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded in two constant steps. The speed of the vessel even today does not seem low; under sail, the speed of this barque reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, was common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers along sea lines.

Brigantine raises sails

In fact, the same barques, but with two masts, are called brigantines. All differ in their purpose and navigability. Brigantines stand out for their speed and lightness. The sailing rig is mixed, with straight sails on the foresail (front mast) and oblique sails on the mainsail. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. Historical sources mention brigantines with the so-called “Bermuda mainsail”, that is, a triangular sail stretched between the luff line and the luff, but none of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.

Frigates

As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others acquired a different meaning. An example would be a frigate. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In its original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. Beginning in the 17th century, the adjective “Dunkirk” was added to the word “frigate” for a long time, meaning its predominant use in a separate zone of the naval theater of operations adjacent to the Pas-de-Calais. This type was distinguished by its speed. Then, as the range of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. The displacement is average for that time, approximately. The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on which in 1855 a glorious expedition was undertaken to the shores of East Asia under the command of Admiral E.V. Putyatin.

Caravels

“She passed like a caravel...” is sung in a famous pop song. It doesn't hurt to study the types of sailing ships before composing lyrics for future hits. The compliment turned out to be somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared to a lifting, large and rather heavy vessel. In addition, the caravel’s nose is raised high, which can also be seen as an undesirable hint.

However, in general this type certainly has good seaworthiness. It is most famous for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World on three caravels (“Santa Maria”, “Pinta” and “Nina”). Externally, they can be distinguished by the mentioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by sailing equipment. There are three masts, a foresail with straight sails, and the rest with lateen (oblique) sails.

Purpose: long-distance sea and transoceanic voyages.

The Russian word “ship” is morphologically derived from the word “caravel”. It gave its name to the famous French passenger airliner, which was very beautiful.

Clippers

All types of ships are created for fast sailing and are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word “cruiser”, and immediately everyone around will think something - some “Aurora”, others “Varyag”. Regarding clippers, there is only one option - “Cutty Sark”. This ship with a long and narrow hull went down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was speed. Delivering tea from China, quickly bringing mail to distant colonies and carrying out especially delicate orders from the queen was the lot of clipper ships and their crews. And these ships carried out their work until the advent of steamships, and in some cases even later.

Galleons

Looking through the ancient types of warships, one cannot help but recall the Great Armada, which competed with the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. No sailing ship of that time could compare with it in perfection. At its core, this is an improved caravel, with a reduced tank superstructure (that same “raised nose” has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, ancient Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced wave resistance and, as a result, increased speed. Maneuverability has also improved. Other types of warships of the 16th century looked shorter and too tall next to the galleon (this was a disadvantage, such a target was easier to hit). The outline of the poop (stern superstructure) acquired a rectangular shape, and the crew’s conditions became more comfortable. It was on galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of this word.

The displacement of these “16th century battleships” ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, they were decorated with skillful carvings, and the nose was crowned with a majestic sculpture.

Schooners

There are types of large ships that have become “workhorses”, designed to transport a wide variety of cargo. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, distinguished by the fact that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with oblique sails. It should be taken into account that the line between a two-masted topsail or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. It reached its greatest popularity in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, and his crew hunt on a schooner. Compared to it, other types of ships are more difficult to control (According to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A kind of record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts (Thomas Double Lawson, Quincy Shipyard) was launched.

Other types of ships

Photos of sailboats arriving at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on websites. Such a parade is always an event; the beauty of these ships is incomparable. Barques, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, ketches, and yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer to bygone centuries, full of adventure and romance of distant travels. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, as they believe in many countries, including ours. Having climbed up the shrouds, unfurled the sails and breathed in the free wind of the sea, you can take your seats at the modern control panels of dry cargo ships, bulk tankers and cruise ships. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers; he will not let you down.

Schooner

and.
A sailing wooden ship with two or more masts.

Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Alabugina)

Schooner

Y, and.

Small wooden sailing ship.

* Schooner captain. *

Marine dictionary

Schooner

a sailing vessel having two or more masts with slanting sails. Seaworthy, can sail steeply into the wind. The schooners of the Russian fleet had up to 16 guns.

Dictionary of Military Terms

Schooner

the ship usually has slanting sails. Varieties of sh. - brigantine, barquentine. Modern sailboats have, in addition to sails, an internal combustion engine.

Ozhegov's Dictionary

SH U ON THE, s, and. A sea vessel with slanting sails. Two-masted, multi-masted highway.

Ushakov's Dictionary

Schooner

shhoo on and schooner, schooner, wives (Dutch schoener) ( mor.). A sailing wooden ship with two or more masts.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Schooner

(from the English schooner), a sailing ship (from 2 to 7 masts) with slanting sails. In the 19th century so-called topsail and topsail schooners with 2-3 straight sails (usually on the foremast).

Naval Dictionary

Schooner

a sailing ship with two or more masts, armed with slanting sails. In the 18th-19th centuries. They were part of sailing fleets as messenger ships and had up to 16 cannons. Modern schooners are more than 22-28 m long and are also equipped with an internal combustion engine.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Schooner

(schuna) - a sailing ship with 2 or 3 masts with oblique sails. Sh.'s spar is distinguished by the comparative height of the lower masts, to which short topmasts are attached. The slope of the masts in the north is somewhat greater than that of ships with straight sails. The number of masts and type of sails differ as follows: 1). Sh. ordinary has 2 or 3 masts; 1-2 straight sails (topsail and topsail) are placed on the foremast; the remaining masts have only slanting sails. 2). Sh. Bermuda, or gaff-Sh. (sometimes called a goeletta or gulet), has exclusively forward sails on all (2 or 3) masts. Sh.-brig(brigantine) has a foremast rigged like a brig, that is, with a short lower mast and full straight sail; The mainmast has an oblique sail, like Sh. Schooner barque(barquentine) has a foremast the same as that of the Sh.-brig, and 2 rear masts with schooner sails. In Russia the term "Sh." very common in the Caspian Sea, where sea freight ships ("steam ships") are also called this, replacing the previous sail ships in the transportation of goods. (See Sails, Sail, as well as "Russian Merchant Fleet", published annually by the Main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports

The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

The meaning of the word schooner

schooner in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

schooner

and shkuna, shkuna, w. (Gol. schoener) (Nor.). A sailing wooden ship with two or more masts.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

schooner

Y, f. A sea vessel with slanting sails. Two-masted, multi-masted.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

schooner

and. A sailing wooden ship with two or more masts.

Schooner

schooner (from the English schooner), a sailing ship that has at least two masts and carries oblique sails on all masts sailing equipment. Sh. There are transport, fishing, sports and educational. The ship's displacement ranges from 100 to 5,000 tons. Most modern ships are equipped with internal combustion engines, allowing them to move in calm weather and on narrow fairways (see Motor-sailing vessel). There are special types of Sh. ≈ schooner-barque ( barquentine), schooner brig ( brigantine).

Wikipedia

Schooner

on Peruvian salt, 1879

At the end of the 19th century, competition between steamships led to the need to reduce ship crews. Thanks to the simplicity of sailing equipment and ease of control, it was the schooners that were able to withstand this struggle. Basically, two- and three-masted schooners were built, less often four-, five- and six-masted ones. And in 1902, in the city of Quincy, Massachusetts (USA), the world's only seven-masted schooner, the Thomas W. Lawson, was launched. The Thomas W. Lawson was designed to carry coal. Each of the seven steel masts, 35 m high, weighed 20 tons. They were continued by 17-meter wooden topmasts. The work of the sailors was facilitated by various mechanisms, thanks to which only 16 people controlled the huge sailing ship. The schooner, which had no engine, was equipped with a steam steering engine, steam winches, an electrical system and even a telephone network.

After World War I, when there was a shortage of merchant ships, the Americans, possessing excellent timber, built many wooden schooners of various sizes, having from three to five masts.

Examples of the use of the word schooner in literature.

So, it is obviously clear that his verbal shot will turn out to be empty, their faith cannot be shaken with one phrase, and neither the priest’s daughter nor any other Adventist will go anywhere with schooners won't go away.

Afonya remembered that Christian, when he worked for schooner, never took a vacation during fishing - now this seemed strange to Athos.

Naturally, as we progress schooners To the south, the fluctuations of the compass needle decreased, but the temperature of the air and water steadily rose, the sky remained invariably cloudless, and a moderate breeze blew from the north.

Having deployed the jib and storm foresail and blocked the mizzen, Jam West almost stopped schooner swaying on long high waves.

Iemanja, ruler of the piers, sailing schooner and all these lives are even called by five names, five melodious names that are familiar to everyone.

But when the music comes from the sea and spreads over the fort, over schooners and boats and talks about love, Guma forgets about everything and surrenders his soul only to this beautiful, soothing, flowing peony.

Solomin mortally offended the old St. John's wort Yegorshin by refusing him a place on schooner: - You’re in your eighties, where are you going?

True, if fast ice blocks our path and we have to spend the winter in the ice, supplies will quickly come to an end and we will have to make every effort to return to Halbrane Land, where the cargo removed from schooners, would be enough for many months of wintering.

With us - schooner, boat, cod fir trees, karbasa, fixed seines, your pickling point, my plant.

And further, where the commercial part of the city began, ships stood at the piers loading and unloading: icebreakers, minesweepers, cheerful, with high masts schooners, motor-sailing boats, clean coasters and tugboats always ready for berthing.

A strong squally trade wind was blowing, the roaring surf was breaking on the large pebbles of the gently sloping shore, and the fifty-ton schooner- a man-of-war, personifying the dignity and influence of France on this cannibal archipelago - bounced on the waves at her berth under Prison Hill.

Three more Turks, as dirty and picturesque as theirs schooner, lay on the stern next to the clarinetist and clapped their hands to the beat of the melody.

Seagulls and nightjars circled nearby, vultures looked for prey overhead, and below, fishermen swam here and there. schooners.

After visiting the ice rink schooners Konrad Arflein became even more intolerant in his anticipation.

We sailed from Nikolaevsk on a private schooner Sakhalin merchant Birich, a former criminal, who, having landed on Sakhalin, became a Maidan worker, made thousands, now lived as a gentleman, owning houses and a whole flotilla of schooners on Sakhalin.