Regulations on the organization of work in hazardous areas of electrical installations. List of oversized (dangerous) places and service passages Sahel, North Africa
We present a selection of the scariest and most dangerous places on the planet, where you are guaranteed a thrill.
Verkhoyansk, Russia
Photo visityakutia.com
The very heart of Siberia. If she has it, of course - 3000 kilometers east of Moscow. Verkhoyansk is one of the coldest cities in the world. Having visited it, you can easily put it on the status on the social network: Iceland is for weaklings. In winter, the temperature in the city ranges from 40-55 degrees below zero. Okay though. Verkhoyansk is a city for lovers: from September to March, the day length here is less than 5 hours. Walking through the dark Siberian streets is a real test of relationships. High school students go to school even at -56. “They have exams,” explains a resident of Verkhoyansk. Pass the exam of your life - take a look at Verkhoyansk, just don’t freeze your nose.
Reindeer herders with their herds near Verkhoyansk, the northernmost city of Yakutia.
Lake Kivu. Democratic Republic of Congo/Rwanda
Photo by Hicham Daoudi
If you're lucky, you'll be able to taste ready-made fish soup straight from the lake. Kivu is located in a depression near the Kituro volcano, and during the eruption the lava falls directly into the lake: fish and algae begin to cook. When the volcano stops its activity, residents come on boats and have a snack. The last time this happened was in 1948. But there is something more interesting, quite “explosive”. At the depths of Kivu there are huge deposits of methane, and if they are released, something like an American action movie will happen. 2 million local residents literally live like on a volcano, expecting the worst every second. So try to have time to post photos on Instagram if you decide to visit the Congo.
Minqin County (Gansu Province, China)
Photo - China.Org
Minqin is a real “mad drying”. Chinese authorities have already declared the county an environmental disaster zone and are gradually relocating about 2 million residents stuck between two deserts that are growing at a speed of 10 meters per year. Sandstorms and winds last about 130 days, destroying all life in their path. Since 1950, the desert has already occupied more than 260 square kilometers of the county and is not going to stop. Visiting the county is now your mirage: go to it.
Dallol, Ethiopia
Photo by Victoria Rogotneva
The gateway to hell exists - this is the settlement of Dallol in northern Ethiopia in the Dalakil desert. We recommend going here immediately after Verkhoyansk. A difference of 120 degrees will undoubtedly be interesting to the body - in summer the temperature reaches +60 degrees. You won’t be able to drink fresh juice and Frappuccino on the closed veranda of the cafe: the territory consists of continuous salt flats and volcanoes (active, by the way!). If it is still unknown whether a ghost ship exists, then a ghost town definitely exists - that is what the residents called Dallol due to the inhospitable climate and lack of infrastructure. Remember a phrase in Ethiopian that will be useful to you: “Chygyr” - problems!
Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (UK)
Photo by Maurits Heech
From the archipelago to Africa - 2816 km, to South America - 3360 km and to St. Helena Island - 2161 km. Having reached the lost islands, you will find yourself in the company of about 300 people and a number of Tristan rail birds, living only in this area. If you want to send a message with a bird, it won’t work: they are flightless birds. There is no airport here; you can only get there by sea. It is believed that the northern islands of the archipelago were discovered by the Portuguese Tristan da Cunha in 1506, but he did not land on shore. Gough Island was discovered by the English navigator Charles Gough in 1731. There is an amazing legend about the island, but only locals know it. Well, you understand, right?..
Meghalaya State, India
Photo by Arun Bhat
In the city of Mosinrem there is a sign “The Wettest Place on Earth”, but it is difficult to see due to the incessant rains. There is no point in checking the weather - it rains every day, but it makes sense to buy an umbrella made of bamboo and banana leaves. From the outside it will seem that you are carrying a large boat. Rockfalls often occur due to rain. In general, as the British say, It's raining cats and dogs - of course, this is just an idiom: cats and dogs do not fall from the sky - the expression means that it is pouring rain. You will find out how animals actually behave during the rain upon arrival in the state.
Tallest waterfall in the world: Angel, Venezuela
Photo by ronbrinkmann
The waterfall is located in the tropical forests of Venezuela on the territory National Park Canaima. The level of continuous water fall is 807 meters. Like the veil of a beautiful bride, Angel falls from the top of Auyantepui - "the devil's mountain." The height is so high that the water turns into fog, which can be felt several kilometers away. The waterfall is named after the pilot James Angel, who flew over it in 1933. Angel wanted to find a deposit of gold ore, but the wheel of his monoplane broke over the swampy jungle at the very top of the plateau. As a result, he had to make an emergency landing and then walk down the mountain for 11 days. Upon returning, the pilot immediately reported his grand discovery to the National Geographic Society. As a result, the inaccessible waterfall became one of the most visited places. You have the opportunity to see an angel (“angel”), and then descend for 11 days. Or not. Come and tell me.
Volcano boarding (Nicaragua)
Photo Optical illusion
If you're tired of snow, grab your board and head to Nicaragua. The crazy guys have already thought of everything and tried it out on themselves. They say that the gravel and dust in your face are very refreshing, especially at a speed of 80 km/h. Maybe you will have time to get away from the lava running down - the volcano is active!
Home camping
And now about the most dangerous place on Earth - your apartment. By staying here for a long time, you guarantee yourself a disgusting mood and a loss of physical strength. The water can be turned off at any time, and an avalanche of depression will cover you right in your bed. We do not recommend trying it alone. It’s better to take a ticket to Verkhoyansk or Africa - you’ll be safer.
I. Scope of application1.1. This Regulation establishes general rules for organizing work in hazardous areas of electrical installations and applies to all electrical installations that are on the balance sheet of the structural divisions of the Central Directorate of Infrastructure - a branch of JSC Russian Railways (hereinafter referred to as the CDI), not related to electrical installations of the electrification and power supply sector.
1.2. The regulation was developed on the basis of the technical instructions “On identifying dangerous places on the contact network, traction and step-down substations, sectioning posts, parallel connection points and power lines”, signed by the head of the Department of Electrification and Power Supply on September 26, 2005 No. O-04/05, “Electrical Safety Rules” for employees of JSC Russian Railways when servicing electrified railway tracks", approved by JSC Russian Railways on July 3, 2008 No. 12176 (hereinafter referred to as Rules No. 12176), "Inter-industry Rules for labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations", approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated January 5, 2001 No. 3, by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 27, 2000 No. 163 (hereinafter referred to as POT RM-016-2001); Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6 (hereinafter referred to as PTEEP).
2.1. The procedure for ensuring the safety of workers when performing work in electrical installations up to and above 1000 V is regulated by the relevant rules and instructions, regulations, and job responsibilities for compliance with safety measures during work.
2.2. Timely identification of dangerous places is aimed at reducing risks and preventing cases of industrial electrical injuries.
2.3. Workers servicing electrical installations up to and above 1000 V must observe safety precautions when performing work in hazardous areas.
2.4. An approximate list of hazardous locations in electrical installations up to and above 1000 V in the structural divisions of the Central Distribution Center, except for electrical installations of electrification and power supply facilities, is presented in Appendix No. 1 to these Regulations.
2.5. The form of the technological process map for preparing work in a dangerous place (hereinafter referred to as the map) is presented in Appendix No. 2 to these Regulations.
2.6. The form of the list of dangerous places is presented in Appendix No. 3 to these Regulations.
III. Terms and Definitions
The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in these Regulations.
3.1. A source of electrical energy is an electrical product (device) that converts various types of energy into electrical energy (in accordance with PTEEP).
3.2. An electrical network is a set of electrical installations for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy, consisting of substations, switchgears, conductors, overhead and cable power lines operating in a certain territory (in accordance with PTEEP).
3.3. Electrical equipment is a set of electrical devices united by common characteristics. Signs of an association, depending on the objectives, may be: purpose, for example, technological; conditions of use, for example, in the tropics; belonging to an object, for example, a machine, a workshop (in accordance with PTEEP).
3.4. An electrical installation is a set of machines, apparatus, lines and auxiliary equipment (together with the structures and premises in which they are installed) intended for the production, transformation, transformation, transmission, distribution of electrical energy and its conversion into another form (in accordance with PTEEP).
3.5. Operating electrical installation - an electrical installation or part thereof that is energized, or to which voltage can be applied by turning on switching devices (in accordance with PTEEP).
3.6. Admission to work - checking the adequacy of the measures taken to ensure the safety of work, as well as the compliance of the composition of the team and the qualifications included in the order (order) of the persons, briefing the admitting team members (in accordance with the Standard “Occupational Safety and Health Management System at JSC Russian Railways”. Electrical safety. General provisions" STO Russian Railways 15.013-2011, approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated September 13, 2011 No. 2003r (hereinafter referred to as STO Russian Railways 15.013-2011)).
3.7. Targeted briefing – instructions for the safe performance of specific work in an electrical installation, covering the category of workers determined by the order or order, from the person who issued the order, who gave the order, to a team member or performer (in accordance with POT RM-016-2001).
3.8. Safety sign is a color graphic image of a certain geometric shape using signal and contrasting colors, graphic symbols and (or) explanatory inscriptions, intended to warn a person about the immediate or possible danger of prohibiting, ordering or permitting certain actions, as well as for information about the location of objects and means , the use of which eliminates or reduces the impact of dangerous and (or) harmful factors (in accordance with the “Instructions for the use and testing of protective equipment used in electrical installations”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 30, 2003 No. 261).
3.9. An order is an assignment for the performance of work, defining its content, place, time, safety measures (if required) and the workers who are entrusted with its implementation, indicating the electrical safety group (in accordance with POT RM-016-2001).
3.10. Permission work order (hereinafter referred to as work order) is a task for the performance of work, drawn up on a special form of the established form and defining the content, place of work, time of its beginning and end, conditions for safe conduct, composition of the team and workers responsible for the safe performance of work (in accordance with with POT RM-016-2001).
3.11. A dangerous place is a connection or electrical installation, during the maintenance of which additional measures must be taken to ensure the safety of personnel (in accordance with the “Safety Instructions for the operation of electrical installations of traction substations and power supply areas of the Russian Railways JSC”, approved by Russian Railways JSC on 17.03. 2008 No. 4054).
If, after emergency recovery or other work, the preparation of the work site requires increased attention and the implementation of additional safety measures, then it is necessary to draw up an inspection report of the dangerous place (hereinafter referred to as the report).
3.12. The person responsible for electrical equipment is an employee from among the administrative and technical personnel who is entrusted with the responsibility for organizing the safe maintenance of electrical installations in accordance with the current rules and regulatory and technical documents (according to POT RM-016-2001).
3.13. Electrical technical personnel - administrative and technical, operational, operational repair, maintenance personnel who organize and carry out installation, adjustment, maintenance, repair, control of the operating mode of electrical installations (in accordance with POT RM-016-2001).
3.14. A production unit is an integral part of a structural unit (in accordance with STO Russian Railways 15.013-2011).
3.15. Work with voltage relief - work when the voltage is removed from the live parts of the electrical installation on which work will be carried out, by disconnecting the switching devices, disconnecting the buses, cables, wires and measures are taken to prevent the supply of voltage to the live parts to the place of work (in accordance with the Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova -016-2001).
3.16. Switching device - an electrical device designed for switching an electrical circuit and removing voltage from a part of an electrical installation (switch, load switch, separator, disconnector, circuit breaker, circuit breaker, batch switch, fuse, etc.) (in accordance with POT RM-016- 2001).
IV. Procedure for identifying dangerous places
4.1. Identification of dangerous places is carried out on a commission basis with the execution of a local administrative document (order, instruction). The commission for identifying dangerous places is appointed by order (order) of the head of the structural unit. The commission includes: the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the structural unit, the head of the production (site, workshop) unit, a labor protection specialist of the structural unit, a representative of the production and technical (operational) department (engineer, technologist).
Electrical installations up to and above 1000 V are subject to inspection to identify dangerous places. If necessary, specialists from power supply distances can participate in the commission by agreement of the parties, in order to provide methodological assistance (in terms of identifying dangerous places) to structural divisions of infrastructure directorates: signaling distances, centralization and blocking; paths; engineering structures; operational car depot; Centers for diagnostics and monitoring of infrastructure devices; mechanization services and their structural divisions.
The results of the inspection are documented in an act, which is drawn up regardless of the results of the inspection of the electrical installation and is signed by all members of the commission.
4.2. The act reflects the fact of the survey, regardless of the identified results (presence or absence of a dangerous place), indicates the objects of the survey, where the dangerous place is located, its boundaries (for signaling distances, centralization and blocking; tracks; engineering structures; operational car depots; diagnostic centers and monitoring of infrastructure devices; mechanization services and their structural units - stage, station, support number, name of the electrical installation, device, cell number or other specific location of work) and the reason why the place is classified as dangerous.
4.3. The reports are kept by occupational safety specialists, copies are kept by the heads of production departments, engineers (technologists) of production and technical (operational) departments for planning work to eliminate hazardous areas associated with capital investments. The list of storage locations for the specified documents can be expanded and determined by order (instruction) for the structural unit.
4.4. Commission inspection of electrical installations is carried out at least once every 2 years.
If, after carrying out emergency recovery or other work, the preparation of a place of work requires increased attention and the need to develop and take additional safety measures, such a place of work is formalized within a week by an act as a dangerous place upon the proposal of the head of the production unit in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 4.1 of these Regulations.
4.5. Based on the inspection report, within two weeks, those responsible for electrical equipment, together with the head of the production unit, draw up technological maps for work in high-risk areas, signed by members of the commission (Appendix No. 2).
It is allowed to draw up one map for supports with rotting above the permissible values, but on the diagrams such places must be indicated at each stretch or station.
Maps are approved by the head of the structural unit.
Maps are reviewed annually and re-approved once every three years.
4.6. Based on reports and maps, the engineer (technologist) of the production and technical (operational) department develops consolidated lists of hazardous places (hereinafter referred to as the lists) in the established form (Appendix No. 3).
In the column “Security measures; switchings that must be performed” indicate objects, connections and switching devices that must be disconnected when preparing the work site, the number of portable groundings and other safety measures.
The lists are signed by the person responsible for electrical equipment, approved by the head of the structural unit.
The lists are stored by the person responsible for electrical equipment, the labor protection engineer, dispatchers (if there is a structural unit on staff), persons authorized to issue permits, orders, the engineer (technologist) of the technical (operational) department, in the production divisions of the structural unit.
The dispatcher of a structural unit (if there is an enterprise on staff) and the person who has the right to issue orders, orders, lists are stored in a separate folder.
4.7. The lists are posted in the labor protection corners, adjusted and re-approved by January 1 of the following year.
4.8. Heads of structural and production departments are required to ensure that the lists are studied by personnel servicing electrical installations. The knowledge of the lists and maps by the involved personnel is checked during periodic tests of knowledge of the norms and rules of work in electrical installations.
4.9. The preparation of a local administrative document (order, regulation) on the creation of a commission to identify dangerous places is the responsibility of the person responsible for electrical equipment.
4.10. The person responsible for the electrical equipment of the structural unit is responsible for:
complete coverage of electrical installations of production departments by commissions to identify hazardous areas;
drawing up the necessary documentation;
registration of work permits in dangerous places in accordance with the requirements of these Regulations;
the presence of an engineer (technologist) of the production and technical (operational) department, a dispatcher (if there is a structural unit on staff) and persons authorized to issue permits, orders, and the necessary documentation.
V. Designation of dangerous places
5.1. According to OST 32.4-76 in electrical installations, dangerous places on lines must be marked with posters “Attention! Dangerous place".
5.2. On single-line power supply diagrams (hereinafter referred to as diagrams), the presence of each dangerous place is marked with a sign (red arrow or red triangle). Diagrams with hazardous locations marked on them (a sample is given in Appendix No. 4) are stored in the production department, the person responsible for electrical equipment, the dispatcher (if there is a structural unit on staff) and persons authorized to issue permits and orders.
VI. Carrying out work in dangerous places
6.1. Work in dangerous places is carried out with the issuance of a work order.
6.2. The work order for performing work in a dangerous place must have a difference: a red stripe diagonally from the lower left corner to the upper right corner, at least 3 mm wide. The stripe is applied by the person issuing the outfit when it is issued. The same strip should be on the map of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place. The card number is indicated in the upper right corner of the order.
6.3. The issuing order, having discovered a sign of a dangerous place on the diagram within the work boundary, must, when determining safety measures, be guided by a map of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place.
6.4. When issuing a work order to carry out work in a dangerous place, the issuing work order must instruct the work performer and team members on the features of the work to be done, the procedure for its implementation, and the safety measures reflected in the technological process map for preparing work in a dangerous place. The fact of carrying out instructions on the work order and the card for performing work in a dangerous place is recorded in the work order and in the work log for work permits and orders (with filling out all the columns), the form of which is given in Appendix No. 5 to these Regulations.
A technological map for carrying out work in a dangerous place is issued to the work manufacturer without fail.
VII. Elimination of dangerous places
7.1. Based on the results of identifying dangerous places in electrical installations, the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the structural unit, together with the engineer (technologist) of the production and technical (operational) department, develop proposals for inclusion in the plan for eliminating dangerous places on a five-year cycle, broken down by workshop and deadlines. Plan items should subsequently be included in the appropriate repair programs, indicating the cost of the work and the expected source of financing. The consolidated plan for the elimination of dangerous places for a structural unit is summarized by the head of the technical (operational) department, agreed upon by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the structural unit and approved by the head of the structural unit. The approved master plan is kept by the person responsible for the electrical facilities. A copy of the approved consolidated plan for eliminating hazardous areas, indicating the workshops and deadlines for elimination, is transferred to the labor protection specialist of the structural unit to monitor the elimination of hazardous areas. Based on the approved plan for the elimination of hazardous areas and electrical equipment repair programs, the person responsible for electrical equipment, together with the head of the production unit and the engineer (technologist) of the technical (operational) department, includes the elimination of hazardous areas in the annual schedule of preventive maintenance of the structural unit with monthly planning.
7.2. A dangerous place may be excluded from the list if the necessary technical reconstruction of the electrical installation is carried out, which will ensure safe conditions for work that do not require additional safety measures.
7.3. The liquidation of a dangerous place must be formalized by an act of the commission in the composition specified in paragraph 4.1 of these Regulations, and approved by the head of the structural unit, followed by the execution of an organizational and administrative document (order, instruction) for the structural unit.
Deputy Head of the Directorate for
technical policy and development N.N. Baluev
Head of Labor Safety Service,
industrial safety and ecology A.V. Morkovnikov
10.1. The list of oversized and dangerous places (gates, ramps and walls of warehouses, supports of gantry and bridge cranes, contact network supports, lighting installations and other station facilities) located on the territory of the operational depot is indicated in this Instruction (Appendix No. 5).
10.2. Sequence order for oversized items.
All oversized areas must have a distinctive coloring of yellow and black stripes at an angle of 45˚. When approaching an oversized place, the locomotive driver is obliged to sound a warning signal, make sure that the path is clear and that there are no people, proceed through the oversized (dangerous) place with special vigilance, the speed of passing oversized (dangerous) places should be no more than 3 km/h. When passing oversized (dangerous) places, the driver's assistant, the train preparer, while on the running board of the rolling stock, before reaching the oversized (dangerous) place, must give a command to the driver to stop, get down from the rolling stock and pass the oversized (dangerous) place on foot, from a safe distance signal to the driver to move the locomotive. After passing an oversized (dangerous) place, give a signal to the driver to stop the locomotive and board the rolling stock.
10.3. When passing an oversized (dangerous) place with a single locomotive, it is prohibited to lean out of the side windows of the driver’s cabin beyond the paravan (bay window), to be on stairs and steps, and other external parts of the locomotive.
10.4. The diagrams of service passages are indicated in the diagram of depot tracks in Appendix No. 1.
Occupational Safety and Health
11.1. All employees engaged in shunting work on the tracks of operational locomotive depots, when performing their job duties, must comply with all labor safety standards and requirements, be guided by the “Occupational Safety Instructions for Locomotive Crews of JSC Russian Railways”, approved by order of JSC Russian Railways
dated December 27, 2012 No. 2707r, “Rules on labor protection when operating locomotives of JSC Russian Railways”, approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 29, 2012 No. 2753r, “Instructions on labor protection when equipping locomotives of JSC Russian Railways”, approved by the order of JSC "Russian Railways" dated December 29, 2012 No. 2757r, "Instructions for labor protection of locomotive drivers working without assistant drivers when operating the locomotives of JSC "Russian Railways", approved by the order of JSC "Russian Railways" dated October 27, 2014 No. 2517r, as well as this Instruction.
11.2. When located on the railway tracks of an operational depot, the locomotive crew must comply with the following safety requirements:
Wear a signal vest with reflective stripes and an inscription with the name of affiliation with the household and structural unit;
Comply with traffic light indications, visible and audible signals and warning signs;
Walk to and from the place of work along established service passage routes, indicated by “Office passage” signs;
You should cross railway tracks in designated places (on pedestrian bridges, tunnels, decks), and in their absence - at right angles, stepping over the rail, without stepping on the ends of the sleepers, having first made sure that there is no approaching mobile vehicle in this place from both sides. composition;
You should walk around groups of cars (locomotives) standing on the railway track at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler of the outermost car or locomotive;
Passing between uncoupled cars (locomotives) is allowed in the middle if the distance between automatic couplers is at least 10 m;
When approaching rolling stock, it is necessary to pay attention to open doors, sides of cars, objects protruding beyond the dimensions of the rolling stock;
When leaving the premises to the territory of the operational depot in conditions of poor visibility, as well as because of the corner of the building, which makes it difficult to see the path, you should first make sure that there is no moving rolling stock, and at night, wait until your eyes get used to the darkness, consciously switching your attention to ensure the safety of their movements;
At night, it is mandatory to use a hand torch to give hand signals;
11.3. When located on the railway tracks of an operational depot, it is prohibited:
Walk inside the rut;
Cross or run across railway tracks when moving rolling stock is detected (visually or audibly), and also move to an adjacent track (inside the track track or to the edge of its ballast prism) while the train is passing;
Get off locomotives while moving;
Be on the steps, ladders and other external parts of locomotives when they are moving;
Move under rolling stock standing on railway tracks, through automatic couplers or under them;
Stand or sit on rails, electric drives, track boxes, car retarders and other floor devices;
Cross turnouts equipped with electrical centralization at the points where the switches are located, and also stand between the point and the frame rail, the movable core and the guardrail in the grooves on the switch;
Be located in an oversized place when passing rolling stock;
Jump from a locomotive or from a carriage transition platform;
Use mobile cellular communications, audio and video players and other devices not provided for by technological processes.
When using portable radio stations to communicate between an assistant driver and a driver on a locomotive, it is prohibited to be in the track of the railway track and in the oversized area to the adjacent track.
11.4. Clearing turnouts from snow on the tracks of the operational depot must be done during breaks between shunting operations. When cleaning turnouts equipped with electrical centralization, it is prohibited to go inside the track, and in the case of blowing turnouts with compressed air, the presence of a second worker is necessary as a signalman.
When clearing snow from turnouts, the worker must wear safety glasses; a hand-held flashlight with a red light at night and a red shield during the day must be installed inside the track.
11.5. While the locomotive is moving, it is prohibited to lean out of the side windows of the control cabin beyond the rear-view mirrors and the rotating safety panel, paravan (bay window).
11.6. An employee of a locomotive crew performing shunting movements may enter the space between the rolling stock only after the rolling stock has completely stopped.
It is prohibited for a locomotive driver to set the rolling stock in motion in the absence of an assistant driver in the locomotive cabin, as well as until he is completely convinced that there are no people in the space between the rolling stock.
11.7. In the absence of visual control of persons participating in shunting movements, as well as in the absence of radio communication, the locomotive driver is obliged to immediately stop and find out their location.
11.8. Employees of locomotive crews are required to notify their immediate or superior manager about every accident that occurs at work, about a deterioration in their health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning), as well as about the occurrence of a situation that threatens the life and health of people.
11.9. In the event of an injury or deterioration in the health of one of the employees of the locomotive crew, the other employee is obliged to stop shunting movements, provide first aid to the injured person and report the incident to the duty officer at the operational depot, the station duty officer (if necessary).
11.10. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a mandatory preliminary (upon employment) medical examination, passed qualification exams, as well as briefings, internships, tests of knowledge of labor protection, fire safety rules, tests of knowledge of norms and rules of work in electrical installations are allowed to work. to the extent appropriate to the duties performed.
11.11. During the work process, the employee must undergo mandatory periodic medical examinations, in the prescribed manner, instructions and training on labor protection, fire safety standards, first aid to victims, regular and extraordinary testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements, fire safety, norms and regulations for working in electrical installations and duplication.
11.12. The employee must know, to the extent appropriate to the duties performed:
Design and purpose of locomotive devices;
Human exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors that arise during work and measures to protect against their exposure;
Rules for staying on railway tracks, routes of service passages, oversized places in the work area; safe work practices;
Methods of providing first aid to victims of industrial accidents;
First aid kit storage location;
Locations of primary fire extinguishing equipment and warning signals in case of fire;
Requirements for industrial sanitation, electrical safety, fire safety;
Chemical factors affecting the human body through the respiratory tract, digestive system and skin;
Physical overload;
11.13. The employee is prohibited from:
Start performing work without undergoing the required instructions on labor protection and the next test of knowledge of labor protection requirements;
Start performing new work that is not related to his direct duties, without receiving targeted instruction from his immediate supervisor on safe methods of performing it;
Start performing work without personal protective equipment, the use of which is specified by the relevant instructions, rules and other regulatory and technical documentation, as well as use faulty personal protective equipment or their testing period has expired;
Stay in places marked with the safety sign “Caution! Oversized place!” during rolling stock maneuvers;
Climb and go onto the roof of a locomotive located under the contact wire or wires of an overhead power line and when there is voltage in the contact network of the equipment position;
Carry out any work on equipping rolling stock during maneuvers;
Enter the protective fences of electrical equipment;
Touch broken electrical wires, clamps (terminals) and other easily accessible live parts;
Touch the wires of the contact network, overhead power lines and foreign objects located on them, regardless
depending on whether they touch or do not touch the ground, grounded structures.
Be under the raised load and in the path of its movement.
Work near rotating parts of equipment that are not protected by protective nets or shields;
Unnecessarily remove guards and protective covers of mechanical and live parts of equipment;
Go beyond the fences of dangerous places;
Use mobile phones, players, headphones and other attention-distracting devices when performing your work duties at workplaces, except for specially designated rest areas.
11.14. Labor protection requirements during work.
11.14.1. After being placed in a repair position, the rolling stock must be braked with a hand brake, and brake shoes must be placed under its wheel pairs (on the inside of a two-axle bogie or on both sides of the middle wheel pair of a three-axle bogie).
11.14.2. Before cranking the crankshaft or starting the diesel engine, the driver must check that there are no workers in the diesel room, sound a sound signal (one short whistle), and warn the locomotive crew workers, outfitters and other service personnel: “Attention! I’m cranking the diesel!” or “Attention! I’m starting the diesel engine!”
11.14.3. Valves and taps must not be opened or closed with hammer blows.
11.14.4. When accepting diesel locomotives, check the availability and serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment.
11.14.6. The worker must fill and drain cooling water from the cooling system of diesel locomotives using serviceable pipelines, hoses and other devices that prevent water spillage.
11.14.7. It is prohibited to dispense cooling water and its components for purposes other than refueling the cooling systems of diesel locomotives.
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Third page
| ^ RESULTS OF TESTING KNOWLEDGE OF REGULATIVE DOCUMENTS ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND OTHER SPECIAL RULES |
|||
| Date of inspection | Name of regulatory documents | Commission decision | Signature Chairman Commissions |
Fourth page
| ^ CERTIFICATE FOR THE RIGHT TO CONDUCT SPECIAL WORK |
||
| date | Name of works | Signature Chairman Commissions |
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Appendix No. 5 (clause 2.4.1 of the Instructions)
^ LIST OF MANDATORY OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTATION FOR TRACTION SUBSTATIONS,
ELECTRIC SUPPLY AREAS
1. General documentation.
List of persons who have the right to issue orders and orders for work.
Lists of persons who can be appointed as responsible work managers, work producers, who supervise the execution of work according to work orders and orders.
List of persons entitled to carry out operational switching and negotiations. *
List of persons exercising control over the safety, serviceability and issue of power tools at sites.
List of persons responsible for the good condition of lifting mechanisms and for the safe performance of work with them, and persons responsible for fire safety at facilities.
List of dangerous places and technological maps for working in these places.
Journal of maintenance and testing of protective equipment and installation devices. *
List of emergency recovery supplies indicating the location of its storage.
Schedule for employees to undergo medical examinations, pass exams in accordance with this Instruction and other regulatory documents.
Routes and plans for the safe passage of workers along railway tracks when traveling to and from work.
Journal of registration of instructions on labor protection in the workplace.
Knowledge test journal (forms EU-39, EU-130, RBU-10).
Journal of three-stage control on labor protection.
Journal of technical training and emergency training (form KU-107).
1.16. Job descriptions for engineering and technical personnel
and employees.
Rules and instructions on safety precautions, technical content and standards for the maintenance of devices.
The matter of orders and instructions on labor protection issues.
The matter of orders and instructions for train traffic safety.
swarms
Passports for ventilation equipment (form EU-34).
Schedule of preventive maintenance and inspections of equipment approved by the management of the power supply distance.
Test reports for equipment, cables, protective equipment and mounting devices.
Book of inspections and malfunctions (Form EU-83). *
Book of completed works (Form EU-83a). *
Acts of delineation between areas of contact networks, traction substations and electrical network areas for servicing devices.
Lists of telephone numbers for calling ambulances, fire departments, and police. The procedure and telephone numbers for calling workers to eliminate damage.
List of positions and jobs that require personnel to be assigned to Group I for electrical safety.
^ 2. Special documentation for traction substations.
List of administrative and technical personnel who have the right to individually inspect electrical installations.
Lists of configurations with protective equipment for electrical installation switchgears by voltage class.
List of work carried out at traction substations, motor transport stations and sectioning stations in the order of current operation. *
A list of connections and cells in which operational switching, due to the lack of interlocks, must be made according to switching forms, as well as complex switching forms.
A list of connections of electrical installations where it is impossible or dangerous to apply portable grounding, indicating the necessary safety measures during the work.
Work order forms for work in electrical installations (Form EU-44). *
Technical passport of the traction substation (form EU-101). *
* The noted documentation must be available at transformer substations. The noted documentation must be on the PS and ATP.
Certificates of acceptance for operation of grounding disconnectors and safety interlocks, as well as certificates of inspection of interlocks. *
Schemes of execution of interlocks by connections. *
Operational and single-line diagram of a substation, substation, PPS KP, ATP, PPP.
Diagram of power supply and sectioning of the contact network and automatic blocking overhead lines in the power supply area of the substation.
Secondary switching diagrams of all connections and relay protections (principal and installation), including partitioning posts, ATPs and parallel connection points maintained by substation personnel. *
Schemes of performance routes of cable lines laid across the territory of traction substations.
Schemes for preventive heating and melting of ice on the wires of the contact network and supply lines.
equipment and protection. *
Calculations and assignments of settings for feeder switches of the contact network of substations, sectioning posts and parallel connection points.
Battery inspection and repair journal (Form EU-15).
Electricity consumption log (Form EU-78).
Summary of performance indicators of a traction substation (Form EU-100).
Regulations on dispatch control of traction substation equipment, agreed with the power system.
Reports of damage at traction substations (Form EU-92).
* The noted documentation must be available at transformer substations. The noted documentation must be on the PS and ATP.
Acts of inspection of energy sales of energy systems.
List of connections controlled by the energy dispatcher.
3.1. Lists of configurations with protective equipment for electrical installation switchgears by voltage class.
List of work carried out at substations in the order of current operation.
A list of connections and cells, operational switching in which must be made according to switching forms.
A list of connections of electrical installations where the installation of portable grounding is impossible or dangerous, indicating the necessary safety measures during the work.
Work order forms for work in electrical installations (forms EU-44,
Switching forms (Form EU-54).
Schemes of execution of interlocks by connections.
Operational and single-line diagrams of substations, power supply and sectioning diagrams of overhead power lines, power supply diagram of a railway junction.
Secondary switching diagrams of all connections and relay protection panels (principal and installation).
Acts of demarcation with energy supply organizations and substation subscribers.
List of common dispatcher names.
3.14.Technical passport of electrical networks (Form EU-3).
Certificates of acceptance for operation of grounding disconnectors and safety interlocks.
Power supply diagram for each network area.
Secondary switching diagrams of all connections and relay protections (principal and installation).
Diagrams of completed cable routes with reference to buildings, structures, indicating couplings and intersections with other communications.
* The noted documentation must be available at transformer substations. The noted documentation must be on the PS and ATP.
Calculations and settings of relay protection settings, coordinated, if necessary, with power systems.
Electrical installation cable log (Form EU-88).
Log book of lifting cranes and auxiliary devices that are not subject to registration with the boiler inspection authorities.
Technical passports of motor rail transport (form FU-83).
Acts of checking the condition of intersections and transitions of overhead lines of all voltages across railway tracks.
3.24. Logbook for recording and maintaining protective and installation equipment.
Appendix No. 6 (clause 2.4.5; 2.4.6 Instructions)
Technical instruction No. O-04/05 “On identifying dangerous places
on contact networks, traction and step-down substations,
sectioning posts, parallel connection points
and power lines"
Personnel servicing electrical installations are at risk of injury from electric shock. From this point of view, electrical installations of all voltage classes up to and above 1000 V are dangerous, at the same time, in the electrical installations of the power supply facilities of JSC Russian Railways there are areas that require special attention - dangerous places.
Such places arise during the elimination of damage, in the process of creating temporary power supply circuits, commissioning equipment installed without a design, in violation of the requirements of the PUE, PUTEX on the contact network, in electrical installations of power supply areas, traction substations.
The presence of dangerous places is also explained by the need to operate devices that have not undergone reconstruction and are made in accordance with the requirements of canceled regulatory documents. Working in hazardous areas requires special attention.
In order to ensure the safety of personnel when performing work on servicing electrical installations in hazardous locations, it is necessary to:
identify dangerous places in a timely manner, create lists (database) of such places for persons issuing work orders, checking the correctness of their issuance when accepting applications (ECC), in order to exclude cases of injury due to the lack of additional safety measures in the work order;
bring to each employee information about the presence of dangerous places, safety measures when performing work in such places;
carry out systematic work on the farm to replace equipment, modernize electrical installations in order to eliminate traumatic components.
1.1. Identification of dangerous places should be carried out by commission.
The commission should include: the industry deputy head of the distance, the head of the line unit, the industry engineer of the production and technical department (technologist).
The results of the survey must be documented in a document signed by all members of the commission. To identify dangerous places, the contact network, supply and suction lines, overhead lines (OHL) up to and above 1000 V, including automatic blocking and longitudinal power supply overhead lines, traction and transformer substations must be examined.
Tsii, including complete and modular designs, linear devices for traction power supply, railway junctions. Inspection reports must be drawn up for hauls, stations, traction substations, linear traction power supply devices (PS, PPS, ATP), for railway junctions listing transformer substations, lines up to and above 1000 V. When inspecting equipment, located on the territory of one division and serviced by the personnel of another division, the identification of dangerous places must be carried out by a commission, which should include industry deputy heads of the distance supervising both divisions
The act must reflect the fact of the survey, regardless of the identified results (presence or absence of a dangerous place), indicate that it was surveyed, where the dangerous place is located, boundaries (distance, station, support number, electrical installation, cell number) and application. the rank by which the place is classified as dangerous. If the dangerous place is the firmware of the loop, it is necessary to indicate the location of the loop in relation to the contact network, overhead line (above the overhead line, contact network, between the supporting cable and the contact wire, the upper fixing and lower fixing cables of the flexible crossbar, the distance and location of the loop in relation to the crossbar truss).
The reports should be kept by labor safety engineers, copies - by the heads of line departments and industry engineers of technical departments for planning work to eliminate hazardous areas associated with capital investments. In power supply distance workshops, reports should be stored in a separate folder.
commission for conducting walk-throughs and inspections of electrical installations one
once every 2 years in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on
technical maintenance of signaling devices, communications and contact networks
electrified railways.
If, as a result of emergency recovery or other work, deviations from the requirements of the PUE, PUTEX are made and the preparation of the work site requires increased attention and the implementation of additional safety measures, such a place must be documented in an act as a dangerous place, within a week upon the proposal of the workshop manager in in accordance with the requirement of clause 1.1.
1.5. Based on the inspection report, within two weeks the management
line department manager together with the industry engineer
production and technical department should draw up technical maps
logical process of preparing work in a dangerous place (hereinafter referred to as maps) for
signature of the commission members (Appendix No. 1). On supports with rotting
above the permissible limit, you can draw one map, but on the diagrams such places
must be marked at each stage and station. Cards approved
are the head of the power supply distance. In the column “Safety measures”
switching must be performed" must be specified
projects, connections and switching devices that must be
disabled during preparation of the work site, locations, number of portable
Grounding and other safety measures. The maps should be in the line department, copies should be with the industry engineer. Maps must be corrected annually and re-approved once every three years.
Based on acts and maps, the industry engineer must develop consolidated lists of hazardous places (hereinafter referred to as lists) in the prescribed form (Appendix No. 2). The lists are signed by the person responsible for the electrical facilities, and approved by the head of the power supply distance. The energy dispatcher and occupational safety engineer must have the lists of hazardous locations in full, the industry engineer of the technical department - by industry (traction substations, contact network, power supply areas), in the repair and inspection department - by traction substations and regions power supply, from the workshop manager - in his own workshop, from the heads of overhead contact network areas - in addition, from neighboring areas of the overhead contact network. The lists must be reissued annually at the beginning of the year.
The chief engineer of the power supply distance is responsible for organizing work to identify dangerous places, drawing up the necessary documentation, issuing work orders in dangerous places in accordance with the requirements of the Directive, ensuring that the energy dispatcher has the necessary documentation, and organizing control by the energy dispatcher over the performance of work in dangerous places.
Lists of hazardous places should be posted in occupational safety corners in the premises of traction substations, power supply areas, contact networks, distribution switchgears and studied by maintenance personnel. Energy dispatchers should keep lists in a separate folder. Personnel's knowledge of lists and maps should be checked during periodic tests according to safety regulations.
An approximate list of dangerous places at traction and transformer substations and linear traction power supply devices:
in closed switchgear from the floor at a distance of less than at voltage from 3 to 10 kV - 2.5 m, 20-35 kV - 2.7 m (PUE, table 4.2.5D);
in outdoor switchgear from the ground or from the roof of buildings at a distance of less than at voltage: up to 10 kV - 2.9 m; 20 kV - 3.0 m; 35 kV - 3.1 m; 110 kV - 3.6 m (PUE, table 4.2.2 G);
in closed switchgear and outdoor switchgear at the distance between the current-carrying parts of different circuits in different planes, as well as between the current-carrying parts of different circuits horizontally when servicing one circuit and an unswitched one
Another circuit between live parts and buildings or structures of at least (m) at voltage:
Up to 10 kV 20 kV 35 kV 110 kV 150 kV 220 kV
ZRU 2.0 2.2 2.2 - - -
Outdoor switchgear 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.9 3.3 3.8
(PUE, table 4.2.5 G and 4.2.2 D).
For example: a sectional disconnector and bus sections (in case one of them is disconnected) when sectioning the distribution device buses with only one disconnector.
1.9.2. The presence of general structures, according to which personnel during production
During work involving stress relief at one connection, it may be
approach live parts of other connections
distances less than those specified in the Intersectoral Rules for the Protection of
labor injuries (safety rules) when operating electrical installations and
of this Instruction.
For example: outdoor switchgear equipment located on common structures.
RU cells of supply and outgoing lines that are not equipped with grounding blades on the cable and interlocks that prevent the supply of voltage to disconnected equipment from external power sources.
Lighting fixtures located from unprotected current-carrying parts of switchgear with voltages above 1000 V at a distance of less than 1 m.
1.10.1. Supports with joint suspension of overhead line voltage wires
6-10 kV and up to 1 kV, if when performing work on one of the lines it is possible
approach another at a distance of less than 2 meters (clause 2.5.57).
1.10.2. Supports of double-circuit lines with a voltage of 35 kV and above from a distance
connection between the nearest wires of different circuits is less than specified in
clause 2.5.56 PUE.
Double-circuit lines with voltages up to 1000 V and above 1000 V up to 20 kV are not a dangerous place, since work on one of the line circuits must be carried out with the voltage removed and both circuits grounded.
1.10.3. Sections of overhead lines in the span of the intersection of 2 lines, if the intersection
fulfilled with deviation from the requirements of clauses 2.5.119, 2.5.122 PUE. Nai-
smaller distance between wires of intersecting 10 kV overhead lines between
by itself or with a lower voltage overhead line with a span length of up to 100 m
should be 2 m.
Supports on which two or more disconnectors, two or more cable couplings of various connections are installed.
Supports on which wires of intersecting various lines with voltages up to 1000 V are mounted.
Sections of the lighting lines of pedestrian bridges located above the contact network, and the lighting lines of island platforms on a cable suspension, fixed to the lower fixing cables and fixed on separate supports at a distance of less than 2 meters from the contact network.
Supports with rotting more than permissible according to PTEEP.
Supports of automatic blocking and longitudinal power supply overhead lines with power equipment installed on them, the resistance of the ground loop of which is twice or more higher than that given in the PUE and the “Instructions for the maintenance and repair of power supply devices for signaling, centralization, blocking and communication on the federal railway transport" TsE-881/02.
different contacts of which (moving and fixed) are present on-
voltage from various sources (power redundancy circuit
RU-0.4 kV of various transformer substations).
1.11. An approximate list of dangerous places on the contact network.
Mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths, inspection of roof equipment, etc.
Places where consoles or clamps of various sections of hauls and stations come together at a distance of less than 0.8 m.
Supports with catenary suspension anchor waste of various sections and grounded anchor waste, the distance from the work site to live parts is less than 0.8 m.
Common racks of clamps of various sections of double-track consoles of hauls and stations, where the distance between the clamps is less than 0.8 m.
Supports where two or more disconnectors, arrester, disconnector and arrester are located.
Stitching the contact suspension and passing above it at a distance of less than 0.8 m are the cables of disconnectors and arresters with other potentials.
wires along the cables of flexible crossbars.
1.11.8. Locations of electro-repellent protection.
1.11.9. Supports with horn arresters on which the
suspension of one of the tracks, and the arrester cable is connected to the contact
network of another path or feeder. Horn arresters mounted on
Rigid crossbar except for horn arresters, the loops of which are connected to the tracks closest to the support.
The given list of places of increased danger can be supplemented by the management of the power supply distance, based on local conditions.
^ 2. Designation of dangerous places.
In electrical installations, on lines and on the contact network, dangerous places must be painted with red paint, marked with warning signs (red arrow) in accordance with OST 32.4-76 and posters “Attention! Dangerous place".
At traction and transformer substations:
unprotected live parts specified in clauses 1.9.1, 1.9.2, 1.9.3 must be marked with a poster “Attention! Dangerous place";
lighting fixtures (stand or lamp body), located from unfenced live parts at a distance of less than 1 m (1.9.4), must be painted with red paint. In addition, when luminaires are located on a cable suspension in a switchgear at a distance of less than 1 m from live parts, indicator signs must be attached to the cable at a distance of at least 1 m from live parts above 1000 V.
specified in clauses 1.10.1, 1.10.2, 1.10.4, 1.10.5 (sections of pedestrian bridge lighting lines), 1.10.9 dangerous places must be marked with a poster “Attention! Dangerous place";
the dangerous places specified in clause 1.10.3 must be marked with an indicator sign installed on the lower of the intersecting lines at a distance of 1 m from the intersection;
supports with rotting above the permissible level (clause 1.10.7) may not be marked with posters; if identified, they must be marked in the manner accepted in the power supply distance (painted letter “G”, cross, etc.), which must be specified in list of dangerous places. The numbers of such supports must be included in the list. Elimination of a dangerous place after replacing a support can be documented in an act signed by the head of the workshop if there is a report on the completion of this work;
overhead line supports with a single-phase ground fault current of more than 5 A, if power equipment, disconnectors are installed on the supports and the resistance of the ground loop of the support is more than twice as high as that given in the regulatory documents (clause 1.10.8). Such supports, similar to supports with rotting above the permissible level, must be marked in a manner accepted in the power supply distance, which must be indicated in the list of dangerous places. Such supports must be included in the list, and maps must be drawn up for them. In safety measures, it is necessary to indicate that when a “ground” is found on the line, switching
The disconnector located on such a support should be carried out according to the order of the ECC with a short-term voltage release from the line. 2.3. On the contact network:
mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths, inspection of roof equipment must have a distinctive distinctive color that is striking to the eye: the caps of mortise insulators, sectional insulators have metal ends, the caps of insulators in the supporting cable must be painted with red paint In addition, mortise and sectional insulators separating frequently disconnected and grounded loading and unloading paths and inspection of roof equipment are fenced with signposts that are attached to a supporting cable at a distance of at least 1 m (horizontally) from the beginning of the section. onion insulator;
places where consoles or clamps come together at a distance of less than 0.8 m of different sections of hauls and stations must be marked with a distinctive color: pipes, corners of reverse clamps, consoles at a distance of at least 1 meter at the point of approach must be painted with red paint, except those places where consoles or clamps come together at a distance of less than 0.8 m of various sections of hauls and stations should be marked with indicator signs installed on the supporting cable of each track on both sides of the dangerous place at a distance of 1 m. For such places you can make one map for the stretch, station indicating the numbers of supports;
contact suspension anchor waste of different sections and grounded anchor waste above live parts under voltage, at a distance of 1 m in both directions from the point of approach, must be painted with red paint, in addition, they must be highlighted with indicator signs. The arrows are installed at a distance of 1 m from the point of their approach;
common racks of clamps of various sections of double-track consoles of hauls and stations with a distance between clamps of less than 0.8 m should be painted with red paint;
supports where two or more disconnectors, an arrester, a disconnector and an arrester are located, two anchorages of contact pendants of different sections are highlighted with a poster “Attention! Dangerous place";
Stitching the contact suspension and passing above it at a distance of less than 0.8 m, the cables of disconnectors (1.11.6) and arresters with a different potential must have a distinctive color: on both sides of the pendant being stitched, the cable must be painted with red paint. If a train crosses several paths of another section, then the train must have a distinctive color throughout its passage over the paths of the section. The passage of supply, suction and other wires along the upper fixing cable of the flexible cross member (clause 1.9.7) should be secured
Indicate with an indicator sign, which must be installed on the upper fixing cable on both sides at a distance of at least 1 m;
The locations of electro-repellent protection must be marked with a poster “Attention! Dangerous place";
the supporting structures of horn arresters mounted on the support of one track, and the loop is connected to another path, as well as the supporting structures of several arresters mounted on the support of a rigid crossbar, must be painted red, in addition, the supports are rigid crossbar must be marked with a poster “Attention! Dangerous place".
^ 3. Carrying out work in dangerous places.
The work order for performing work in a dangerous place must have a difference: a red stripe diagonally from the lower left corner to the upper right corner, at least 3 mm wide. The stripe is applied by the person issuing the order when issuing the order. The same strip should be on the map of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place. The card number must be indicated in the upper right corner of the order.
The issuing order, having discovered a sign of a dangerous place on the diagram within the work boundary, must, when determining safety measures, be guided by a map of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place. When accepting an application for a work order in a dangerous place, the energy dispatcher must, according to the scheme, make sure that there is a dangerous place within the boundaries of the work and, according to the list, check the presence of the necessary safety measures in the work order. If a discrepancy is detected, the energy dispatcher must not assign a number to the application until changes are made to the work order.
When issuing a work order to carry out work in a dangerous place, the issuing work order must instruct the work foreman and team members on the features of the upcoming work, the procedure for its implementation, and the safety measures reflected in the technological process map for preparing work in a dangerous place. The fact of carrying out briefing on the work order and work order must be reflected in the work order and in the work log for work orders and orders. In this case, in the journal
All fields must be filled in. In this case, the card can be issued to the work contractor, if necessary, at his request.
^ 4. Elimination of dangerous places.
Based on the results of identifying dangerous places in electrical installations, the sectoral deputy head of the distance, together with the sectoral engineer of the production and technical department, develop proposals for inclusion in the plan for eliminating dangerous places on a five-year cycle, broken down by workshop and deadlines. Plan items should subsequently be included in the appropriate repair programs indicating the cost of the work and the expected source of financing. The consolidated plan for the elimination of dangerous places along the course is summarized by the head of the technical department, agreed upon by the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the course and approved by the head of the course. The approved master plan is kept by the head of the technical department. A copy of the approved consolidated plan for eliminating hazardous areas, indicating the workshops and elimination deadlines, is transferred to the distance safety engineer to monitor the elimination of hazardous areas. Extracts from the approved plan must be kept by the industry engineer of the technical department of the power supply distance. Based on the approved plan for the elimination of dangerous places, repair programs, the industrial deputy head of the distance, together with the head of the line unit and the industrial engineer of the technical department, include the elimination of dangerous places in the annual schedule of the unit's maintenance work on a monthly basis.
The primary task of eliminating traumatic units is to eliminate the firmware loops of disconnectors and arresters of neighboring contact pendants. The loops must be mounted above the supporting cable so that the distance from the loop to the supporting cable under any weather conditions is at least 1 m.
The cells specified in clause 1.9.3 can be excluded from the list of places of increased danger if the door to the cell is interlocked with a linear disconnector at the cable exit from the cell or if there are grounding knives in the cell on the cable interlocked with door.
A hazardous location may be excluded from the list if the necessary technical reconstruction of the installation is carried out to ensure safe working conditions without taking additional safety measures.
The elimination of dangerous places must be formalized by an act of the commission in the composition specified in clause 1.1, approved by the management of the power supply distance.
Map of the technological process of preparing work in a dangerous place
1st page Power supply distance
railway
(division, workshop)
Card no.
(name of dangerous place
And its location)
4th page
Revision table
Date Position, Signature
Revision of full name
2nd page Photo (diagram) of a dangerous place
Element of danger
3rd page
I approve
(signature)
"" 200 g.
Security measures,
Required
Switching
List of dangerous places by
(power supply distances, contact area
Networks, power supply, traction substation)
Stage, station, support number
Element of danger
Security measures,
Required
Switching
Conclusion
About the opportunity
Liquidation
Chief Engineer
(responsible for electrical equipment)
Appendix No. 7 (clause 2.4.8 of the Instructions)
^
POSTERS AND SAFETY SIGNS
| Number sign | Name and purpose | Version, dimensions, mm | Application area |
| 1 2 3 4 |
|||
| ^ PROHIBITIONAL POSTERS |
|||
| 1 | Do not turn on! Working To prohibit feeding Operating voltage place | Red letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. The border is red, 10 and 5 mm wide. 200×100 and 100×50 Portable poster | In electrical installations up to and above 1000 V, they are displayed on the drives of disconnectors, separators, load switches, on keys and remote control buttons, on switching equipment up to 1000 V (automatic machines, switches, circuit breakers), in case of erroneous when turned on, voltage can be supplied to the workplace. For connections up to 1000 V that do not have switching devices in the circuit, the poster is hung near the removed fuses |
| 2 | Do not turn on! Line work. To prohibit the supply of voltage to the line on which people are working | White letters on a red background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. 200×100 and 100×50 Portable poster | The same, but they are posted on the drives, keys and control buttons of those switching devices, if switched on by mistake, voltage may be supplied to the overhead line or cable line on which people work |
137
sign
Name and purpose
^ 2
Do not open! People are working.
To prohibit the supply of compressed air, gas
Version, dimensions, mm
Red letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. The border is red, 5 mm wide. 200×100 Portable poster
Application area
In electrical installations of power stations and substations. Hung on valves and valves: air ducts to air collectors and pneumatic drives of switches and disconnectors, if opened incorrectly, compressed air can be supplied to working people or a switch or disconnector on which people work; hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other pipelines, which, if opened incorrectly, may pose a danger to working people
^
WARNING SIGNS AND POSTERS
4
Do not switch on live operation again! To prohibit the repeated manual activation of overhead line switches after their automatic shutdown without agreement with the manufacturer works
Carefully! Electrical voltage. To warn of the danger of electric shock
Red letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. The border is red, 5 mm wide. 100×50 Poster portable
(sign No. 2.5) Background and
Yellow edging, border
And the arrow is black.
Side triangle-
Nika: 300 on the doors
Premises.
25, 40, 50, 80, 100,
For equipment
Machinery and mechanization
Permanent sign
On the control keys of the switches of the overhead line being repaired during work under voltage
In electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V in power plants and substations. It is fixed on the outside of the entrance doors of the switchgear (with the exception of the doors of the switchgear and transformer stations located in these devices); external doors of chambers of switches and transformers; fencing of live parts located in production premises; two boards and voltage assemblies up to 1000 V
1
2
3
4
| Same | Same | In a populated area. * It is fixed on the supports of overhead lines above 1000 V at a height of 2.5-3 m from the ground, for spans of less than 100 m it is strengthened through a support, for spans of more than 100 m and crossings of roads - on each support. When crossing roads, signs should be facing the road, in other cases - on the side of the support, alternately on the right and left sides. Posters are mounted on metal and wooden supports |
|
| 6 | Carefully! Electrical voltage. To warn of the danger of electric shock | The dimensions are the same as for sign No. 5. The border and arrow are applied using a stencil to the surface of the concrete with indelible black paint. The background is the surface of the concrete. Permanent sign | On reinforced concrete supports of overhead lines and outdoor switchgear fences made of concrete slabs |
* Populated areas - territories of cities, towns, villages, industrial and agricultural enterprises, ports, marinas, railway stations, public parks, boulevards, beaches within the boundaries of their long-term development for 10 years.
sign
Name and purpose
Version, dimensions, mm
Application area
| 7 | Stop! Voltage. To warn about Dangers of Defeat electric shock | Black letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. Red border 15 mm wide. Red arrow according to GOST R12.4.026 300×150. Portable poster | In electrical installations up to and above 1000 V in power plants and substations. In closed switchgear, current-carrying parts under operating voltage are hung on protective temporary fences (when the permanent fence is removed); on temporary fences installed in passages where you should not enter; on permanent fences of chambers adjacent to the workplace. In outdoor switchgear, during work performed from the ground, they are hung on ropes and cords enclosing the workplace; on structures, near the workplace on the way to the nearest live parts under voltage |
| 8 | Trial. Life threatening. To warn of the danger of electric shock when testing with increased voltage | Black letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. Red border 15 mm wide. Red arrow according to GOST R12.4.026 300×150 Portable poster | Post the inscription outside on equipment and fences of live parts when preparing the workplace for high voltage testing |
| 9 | Don't get in! Will kill. To warn about the danger of climbing on structures, which may involve approaching live parts that are energized | Black letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. Red border 15 mm wide. Red arrow according to GOST R12.4.026 300×150 Portable poster | In the switchgear they are hung on structures adjacent to the one that is intended for lifting personnel to a workplace located at a height |
140
Number
sign
Name and purpose
Dangerous electrical
Without protective equipment
The move is prohibited.
To warn about
Exposure Hazards
Electric field
(EP) for personnel and for-
Travel bans
Without protective equipment
Attention! Dangerous place.
Version, dimensions, mm
Red letters on a white background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. Red border 10 mm wide. 200×100 Poster permanent
Background yellow, border and arrow black
Application area
In outdoor switchgear with voltage of 330 kV and above. Installed on the fences of areas where the EC level is higher than permissible:
On routes bypassing outdoor switchgear; outside the switchgear bypass route, but in places where personnel may be present while performing other work (for example, under a low-slung busbar of equipment or a bus system). The poster can be mounted on a specially designated pole 1.5-2 m high
In dangerous places on switchgear structures of traction substations
Carefully! Oversized place.
The background is yellow, the border and the exclamation mark inside the border are black
Installed at the boundaries of zones where the space between the approach clearance of buildings and the clearance of rolling stock does not ensure the safety of workers
^
POSTERS PRESCRIPTION
White square side
13
Work here.
To specify a worker
Noah 200 or 80 mm on a blue background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. Black letters inside a square. 250×250; 100x100. Portable poster
In electrical installations of power stations and substations. They hang it up at the workplace. In outdoor switchgear, if there are protective fences, the workplace is hung at the place of passage behind the fence
Get in here. To indicate a safe climbing path to the workplace, located nomu on top
Hang on structures or stationary stairs that allow climbing to the location located on workplace height
| Number sign | Name and purpose | Version, dimensions, mm | Application area |
| 1 2 3 4 |
|||
| ^ INDEX POSTER |
|||
| 15 | Grounded. To indicate inadmissibility Timing of supply voltage Zhenya on grounded Electrical installation area | White letters on a blue background. White edging 1.25 mm wide. 200x100 and 100x50. Portable poster | In electrical installations of power stations and substations. They are hung on the drives of disconnectors, separators and load switches, if switched on incorrectly, voltage may be supplied to the grounded section of the electrical installation, and on the keys and buttons for their remote control |
Note: In electrical installations with large equipment, the sizes of posters and signs may be increased in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.
Appendix No. 8 (clause 3.2.1 of the Instructions)
^ PERMISSION WORK FORM EU-44
JSC Russian Railways Form EU-44 03618166
railway
Power supply distance Approved by JSC Russian Railways in 2004.
Subdivision
Work permit No.
For work in electrical installations
Responsible
To the manager who allows
Works Last name, initials, sq. group Last name, initials, sq. group
To the manufacturer
Works for the observer
Last name, initials, apt. group Last name, initials, sq. group
With brigade members
Last name, initials, apt. group
Guaranteed
Perform the work: with voltage relief, without voltage relief on live parts and near them, away from live parts that are under voltage (cross out what is not necessary)
Start work: datetime
Finish work: datetime
^ JOB PREPARATION MEASURES
Name
electrical installations in which What should be turned off and where grounded
It is necessary to turn off
tion and install grounding
1 | 2
Special instructions:
The outfit was issued by: datetimeSignatureLast name, initials
The assignment was extended until: datetimeSignatureLast name, initials
^
HELD BY AN OUTSTANDING OUTFIT
Conducted targeted briefing Received targeted instruction
The employee who issued the order
(last name, initials)
(signature)
Responsible work manager (producer of the work, supervising shchiy)
(surname, initials) (signature)
(surname, initials) (signature)
^
PERMISSION FOR JOB PREPARATION
AND FOR ADMISSION TO EXECUTION
YUWORKS
Worker training permit
Places and permission to perform work
The bot issued (position, last name,
Signature)
Date Time
Signature of the employee who received permission to
Preparation of jobs and
For permission to perform
works
^ Reverse side of the permit
Workplaces have been prepared. The following remain under voltage:
Grounding installed (p.c. and z.n.)
(indicate where and numbers)
Total
Permissive
(signature)
Responsible work manager,
Work foreman or supervisor
(signature)
| ^ REGISTRATION OF TARGETED INSTRUCTION CONDUCTED BY THE ADMISSIBLE DURING INITIAL ADMISSION |
||||
| Conducted targeted briefing | Received targeted instruction |
|||
| Permissive | (last name, initials) (signature) | Responsible manager, manufacturer (watching), Brigade members | surname, initials | signature |
144
^ DAILY PERMISSION TO WORK AND TIME MI'M CUTTING HER
The brigade received targeted instructions and was allowed to the prepared site.
Date Time
Allowing
5
Name
Working month
Date Time
Signatures (last name, initials)
Manufacturer
Works (observed
Giver)
^ 4
The work is finished, the team has left
Signature of the work foreman (supervisor) (signature, surname, initials) 6
| ^ REGISTRATION OF TARGET INSTRUCTIONS, CONDUCTED BY THE RESPONSIBLE MANAGER (WORK PERFORMER, SUPERVISOR) |
||||
| Conducted briefing | Received targeted instruction | |||
| Responsible manager (manufacturer) Works, observing) | (last name, initials) (signature) | Brigade members | surname, initials | signature |
Inducted into the brigade
(surname, initials,
Sq. group)
Removed from the brig
Dy (last name, initials,
Sq. group)
Date Time
FROM ^MENENY IN COMPOSITION
BRIGADES
Authorized (signature), (last name,
Initials, sq. group)
1
2
3
4 |
The work is completely finished, the team has been removed, grounding (p.z., z.n.,
Total pieces) removed,
Reported to (to)
(position) (surname initials)
Date Time
Permissive
(signature, surname, initials)
Work foreman (supervisor)
(signature, surname, initials)
Responsible work manager
(signature, surname, initials)
Outfit checked
(signature, surname, initials)
date
INSTRUCTIONS
on filling out the work permit form EU-44 (hereinafter referred to as the work order)
for work in electrical installations
Entries in the work order must be legible. Filling out the order with a pencil and correcting the text are not allowed.
The numbering system for work orders is established by the management of the power supply distance.
When specifying dates, write the day, month and last two digits indicating the year, for example: 06/09/08, 12/17/08.
In addition to the surnames of the workers indicated in the work order, their initials and electrical safety group are recorded.
The work order specifies the dispatcher names (designations) of electrical installations, connections, and equipment.
If there are not enough lines in the tables of the main form of the order, it is allowed to attach to it an additional form under the same number indicating the surname and initials of the person issuing the order to continue recording. In this case, in the last lines of the corresponding table of the main form, you should write: “See. additional form." The additional form must be signed by the employee who issued the order.
The line “Division” indicates the linear subdivision of the power supply distance (ESD, ESD), in the electrical installations of which work is to be done.
In cases where a responsible work manager is not assigned, “Not assigned” is indicated in the “Responsible work manager” line.
In the line “permitting” the surname of the admitting person, appointed from among the operational (operational and repair) personnel, is indicated.
The line “with team members” lists the team members performing work in the electrical installation. When performing work using vehicles, mechanisms and self-propelled cranes, it is indicated which member of the team is the driver, crane operator, slinger, as well as the type of mechanism or self-propelled crane on which he works.
In the lines “Entrusted”:
For overhead lines, indicate the name of the line and the boundary of the area where work is to be done (the number of supports on which or between which, including them, the work will be carried out, individual spans), as well as the content of the work. For a multi-circuit overhead line, the name of the circuit is also indicated.
The lines “Start work” and “Finish work” indicate the date and time of the start and end of work for this job.
When working in electrical installations of switchgear and cable lines, the table “Measures for preparing workplaces” indicates:
Column 2 contains the names (designations) of switching devices, connections, equipment with which operations are carried out and places where grounding should be installed.
14. When working on overhead lines, in the table “Measures for preparing workplaces”
are indicated:
In Column 1 - the names of lines, circuits written in the “assigned” line of the work order, as well as the names of other overhead lines or circuits that are subject to disconnection and grounding in connection with the performance of work on the overhead line or circuit being repaired (for example, overhead lines intersecting with the line being repaired or passing near it, other circuits of a multi-circuit overhead line, etc.);
In column 2 for overhead lines that are disconnected and grounded, admitted from among the operating personnel, - the name of the switching devices in the switchgear and on the overhead line itself with which operations are carried out, and the numbers of the supports on which grounding must be installed.
The same column should indicate the numbers of supports or spans where the workman must install grounding connections to wires and cables at the workplace.
If the installation locations of the grounding cannot be determined when issuing the work order or the work will be carried out with the rearrangement of the grounding, the column indicates “Ground at workplaces.”
Column 2 should also indicate the places where the workman must install grounding connections on the overhead lines that intersect with the one being repaired or passing near it. If these overhead lines are operated by another organization (service), the work order line “Separate instructions” should indicate the need to check the groundings installed by the personnel of this organization (service).
15. The table “Measures for preparing workplaces” should include
we know those operations with switching devices that are needed to support
cooking directly at the workplace. Switchings carried out in
process of workplace preparation associated with changes in schemes (on-
example, transfer of connections from one bus system to another, transfer
power supply of a network section from one power source to another, etc.), in the table
the person is not recorded.
In the specified table, it is allowed to enter all operations entrusted to the permitting person, as well as indicate other measures for preparing workplaces (for example: checking the absence of voltage, installing fences for live parts, etc.) in accordance with local instructions for
Production of operational switching, approved by the person responsible for electrical equipment.
For work that does not require workplace preparation, the entry “Not required” is made in the columns of the “Workplace Preparation Measures” table.
The line “Special instructions” indicates:
Card number for site preparation for work in hazardous areas;
The need to install temporary fences (fence live parts that are energized ... kV, install rope fencing for the connection in the outdoor switchgear ... and passage to the work site)
Application of mechanisms and lifting machines in the reactor plant;
A record of the application of a shunt at the site of a break in the suction circuit;
Permission to temporarily remove grounding connections (it is allowed to remove grounding from... for the duration of high-voltage tests... etc.);
Safety measures when working on the roofs of power transformers, on tanks of 110, 220 kV switches, on busbar bridges (“when working on the roof of a power transformer, use a safety device No...., when working on a busbar bridge from a ladder, use a carabiner to the frame of the busbar bridge, etc. .d.)
Appointment of persons responsible for the safe movement of goods by cranes;
It is necessary to check its grounding to the rail before working on the substation, PPS KP;
An indication that the substation supply line is under induced voltage;
If a work order is issued for an observer, the surname and initials of the responsible employee leading the team, etc.;
Safety measures if it is necessary to travel to the place of work along railway tracks or work near them (responsible for a safe route and stay on railway tracks...)
The issuer of the order is allowed, at his discretion, to include in these lines other instructions related to the work being performed.
18. In the lines “Issued the order” and “The order extended” the issuing order indicated
indicates the date and time of its signing.
Employees issuing and renewing work orders must indicate their last name in addition to their signature.
19. Table “Permission for preparation of workplaces and access to
execution of work" is filled in upon receipt of permission to prepare
workplace and initial admission by admitting personnel. At the same time, in
the column “Date, time” indicates the time of approval, place, order number
for the energy dispatcher and time for permission to work.
In column 1, workers preparing workplaces and permitting indicate the positions and names of workers who issued permission to prepare workplaces and for permission to perform work. When handing over permits in person, column 1 is signed by the employees issuing the permit, indicating their position.
Column 2 indicates the date and time the permit was issued.
Column 3 indicates the employees who have received permission to prepare workplaces and for permission to perform work. When preparing workplaces by several employees or employees of different workshops, column 3 is signed by everyone who prepared the workplaces.
If permission to prepare a workplace and for admission are not requested at the same time, then in the table “Permission to prepare workplaces and for permission to perform work” two lines are filled in: one for permission to prepare a workplace, the other for permission for admission.
^ Reverse side of the outfit
20. When working in switchgear and on cable lines, in the lines “Workplaces are prepared.
Remained under voltage" the permitting person indicates the names of the
energized live parts of the repaired and neighboring
connections (or equipment of neighboring connections), nearby
closest to the workplace.
The line “Groundings installed” indicates the installation locations, number and numbers of portable groundings and included grounding knives.
When working on overhead lines, the names of current-carrying parts indicated by the issuing work order in the lines “Separate instructions” are recorded in these lines, and, if necessary, the names of other live parts.
The permitting and responsible work manager (the work supervisor who is observing, if the responsible manager is not appointed) signs under the lines “Workplaces are prepared. “Remained under voltage” only upon initial approval to perform work.
Before issuing permission to work on a work order, targeted instructions must be carried out by the issuer of the work order and the permitting person, and before the start of work - by the responsible manager (work performer, supervisor) with their registration in the appropriate tables for registering the target instructions in the work permit form. Conducting targeted briefings should cover all workers involved in the work - from the person who issued the work order to the team members. The signatures of employees in the instruction registration tables are confirmation of the conduct and receipt of instruction.
In the table “Daily admission to work and time of its completion” daily admission to work and its completion, including
Start-up when transferring to another workplace, as well as admission and completion of work when the electrical installation is temporarily turned on.
If the work foreman combines the responsibilities of the permitter, and also if the work foreman is allowed to re-admit the team to perform work, he signs in columns 3 and 4.
When the responsible work manager is allowed to re-admit the team to work, he signs in column 3.
The completion of work associated with the end of the working day is recorded by the work performer (supervisor) and the permitter in columns 5 and 6.
In the table “Changes in the composition of the brigade”, when a car driver or machine operator or crane operator is added to or removed from the brigade, the type of car, mechanism or self-propelled crane assigned to him is also indicated. Column 4 is signed by the employee who issued permission to change the composition of the team. When transmitting permission by telephone or radio, the work foreman in column 4 indicates the name of the person who issued permission to change the composition of the team.
The line “The work is completely completed, the team has been removed, the groundings (numbers ___, total ___ pieces) have been removed, reported (to whom)” indicates the number and number of groundings removed, and the name of the energy dispatcher.
If, during the execution of the complete completion of work in the work order, the operational personnel or the permitting one from among the operational personnel is absent or the work performer combines the duties of the permitting person, the work performer or supervisor formalizes the complete completion of the work only in his copy of the work order, indicating the position and surname the employee to whom he informed about the complete completion of work, as well as the date and time of the message.
If, during the execution of the complete completion of work order, operational personnel or a permitting member of the operational personnel are present, the work performer or supervisor formalizes the complete completion of work in both copies of the work order.
If the team did not install groundings, then the words “groundings installed by the team have been removed” are crossed out from the text of the message.
25. Admission to work as required is preceded by targeted in-
briefing, drawn up in the table “Registration of target briefing,
carried out by the admitting person during initial admission.” Carrying out targeted
th briefing should cover everyone involved in the work along with
workers - from the person who issued the order to the team members.
The signatures of employees in the target briefing table are confirmation of the conduct and receipt of the briefing.
When performing work on work order EU-44 by personnel of power supply districts in the absence of energy dispatcher management, the permitter informs the head of the power supply district (senior electrician) or the person who issued the work order about the completion of the work and closure of the work order. At the same time, he fills in the lines “……… reported (to whom)”.
Safe performance of work in the workplace is ensured by the implementation of organizational and technical measures (OM, TM) in the following sequence:
1. Registration of a work order (OM):
attire;
By order;
In order of current use.
Instructing the issuer of the work order, the responsible work manager, the work foreman about the upcoming work (OM).
Issuance of permission by the energy dispatcher to prepare the workplace (by order of the energy dispatcher or agreement) (OM).
Carrying out necessary shutdowns (TM).
Taking measures against erroneous and spontaneous supply of voltage to the workplace (TM).
Hanging prohibiting posters on manual drives and on remote control keys (buttons) of switching equipment that are turned off for preparation of the workplace: “Do not turn on. People are working” (TM).
Install a fence at the workplace to prevent accidental contact with live parts that are not disconnected and strengthen the poster “Stop. Tension" (TM).
Checking the absence of voltage on disconnected live parts at the workplace (TM).
knives in the places specified in the work order (TM).
Hanging posters “Stop. Voltage" on adjacent and opposite cell fences (TM).
Organizing the passage of repair personnel to the work site, excluding erroneous entry into equipment of the same type, excluding the possibility of moving along structures to equipment under voltage (TM).
Admission of the team to the workplace (OM).
Instruction of team members by the work manager (OM).
Supervision during work (OM).
Registration of work breaks (OM).
Registration of brigade transitions to a new workplace one at a time (OM).
Organization of test switching on of equipment (OM, TM).
Handover and acceptance of the workplace (OM).
Putting the equipment into operation (OM, TM).
Appendix No. 9.
(clause 3.2.1 of the Instructions)
PERMISSION ORDER Follow safety rules
Form EU-115 0361859
Approved by JSC Russian Railways in 2004.
Power supply distance Contact network area
PERMISSION WORK WORK No.___ for work on the contact network, power lines, overhead lines and related devices
Application No.
Those. card no.
The work foreman with a team consisting of people.
(surname, initials, group)
Responsible work manager
The observer is instructed to perform
(surname, initials, group) (contact network, power lines-6-35 kV, overhead lines up to 400 V)
the following works:
| No. | Category (with voltage relief and grounding, under voltage, etc.) and conditions (at height, with the issuance of a prohibition, a warning for trains, with a fence, with the installation of shunt jumpers, etc.) of the work. Brief summary of the work indicating the area and place of work (distance, station, path, sectional insulator number, support numbers) | Before starting work, it is necessary to perform the following switches related to ensuring work safety | Install grounding (place, quantity) | Additional safety measures (places where work is prohibited, what remains energized, dangerous places, closure of roads and ramps, etc.) are indicated. |
||
| Name of station, substation, section | Turn on | Disable |
||||
| Using lifting machines |
||||
| Changes in the composition of the lifting machines used | Included in the used machines (specify which ones) | Excluded from the used machines (specify which ones) | Date Time | Allow (signature) |
Have you ever been to dangerous places or circumstances? Fast rivers, dark forests full of dangerous animals, avalanches or even a shootout? Our planet is full of dangerous places that you shouldn’t go to for many different reasons. In some of them, deadly hurricanes occur too often, in others there is a war, somewhere the crime rate is off the charts, and in some parts of the planet even the air itself is toxic, and radiation dosimeters are sounding the alarm. In this list you will learn about the 25 most unfriendly and most undesirable places on Earth to visit.
25. Sahel, North Africa
The Sahel is a region on the edge of Africa's great Sahara Desert. Earlier local residents exploited the limited water resources in the area very irresponsibly. As a result, this has led to severe desertification of soils and greatly increased the risk of drought and famine in the region. In just 12 years from 1972 to 1984, over 100,000 people died in the Sahel region due to drought.
24. Queimada Grande or Snake Island, Brazil
Photo: Benny Trapp
Officially, this piece of land is called Ilha de Queimada Grande, but it is better known as Snake Island. This land is located in the coastal waters of Sao Paulo and is famous for the fact that it is the only place in the world where the island botrops, a type of extremely poisonous snake, lives. Their poison is so strong that it literally melts human flesh. It is not surprising that the Brazilian authorities have completely banned visits to Snake Island.
23. Danakil Desert, East Africa
Photo: pixabay
The Danakil Desert is located in northeastern Ethiopia, south of Eritrea and northwest of Djibouti. This desert is considered one of the most hostile and dangerous places on the planet. The reason for this is the volcanoes and geysers located here, emitting toxic gases, and extreme heat. During the day the thermometer rises above 50°C in Danakil! In addition, due to conflicts in Eritrea during the visit of this amazing desert you risk being kidnapped by robbers.
22. Oymyakon, Russia
Photo: Maarten Takens
Lost in the heart of Siberia, thousands of kilometers from Moscow, the Russian village of Oymyakon is known as a permanently inhabited settlement, where the lowest temperature in the history of observations was recorded - up to minus 71.2 °C! This village is one of the coldest places on Earth, and as many as 500 people call it home. Mobile phones practically do not work here due to the constant frost. There is also no need to talk about agriculture, because not a single crop can survive in such cold weather.
21. Syria
Photo: wikimedia commons
Due to prolonged violent conflicts in Syria last years consistently ranks among the deadliest countries in the world. Residents of this war-torn state know firsthand the bombing of residential areas, hunger and shortages of medicine, prolonged sieges and even the use of chemical weapons against ordinary civilians.
20. Alagoas, Brazil
Photo: Teotonio Vilela
Brazilian metropolises such as Rio de Janeiro or Sao Paulo are larger than all others major cities countries are famous for their high crime rates. However, in Brazil there is a place much less famous and large, but it is there that the most brutal lawlessness occurs in the country and, perhaps, even in the whole world. The state of Alagoas is literally deadly. Over 2,000 people are killed here every year, even though the state has a population of only 3 million citizens.
19. Monrovia, Liberia
Photo: Matt-80
The capital of the West African country, Liberia, Monrovia is home to the worst slum on the entire continent called West Point. About 75,000 people live in a fairly limited area, and these slums are ruled by a cholera epidemic, the streets are flooded with drugs, the crime rate and teenage prostitution in West Point are off the charts, and civilized toilets and bathrooms are familiar to local residents only from stories and movies. However, life is not easy not only in the slums, but also in Monrovia as a whole, because this city is very polluted and constantly struggles with environmental disasters (frequent floods, for example).
18. Mount Sinabung, Indonesia
Photo: Kenrick95
Mount Sinabung is an active stratovolcano located on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It erupts quite often, and thousands of people regularly lose their shelter and livelihood due to the powerful elements. Nearby towns and villages were more than once completely drowned in hot ash and ash. The most recent major eruptions wiped out populated areas in 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Unfortunately, dozens of people died during these disasters.
17. Skeleton Coast, Namibia
Photo: MarkDhawn
The Skeleton Coast is located on the Atlantic coast of Namibia and is renowned as one of the deadliest and most inhospitable natural environments on Earth. This rugged piece of land gets its name from the abundance of whale and seal skeletons scattered along the coast. Even people died here, and shipwrecks are often found on the wild beach. The current and the treacherous bottom are to blame.
16. North Korea
Photo: J.A. de Roo
Living under a totalitarian dictatorship, North Korea is best known for having a worse human rights record than almost anywhere else in the world. Both local residents and foreign tourists here constantly end up in prison for what in democratic countries is considered absolutely normal and harmless. Due to the deterioration of diplomatic relations between North Korea and the United States, this Asian country has become especially dangerous for American tourists, who literally risk not getting out of here alive if the curiosity and adventurism of travelers nevertheless overpower the instinct of self-preservation and prudence.
15. Guatemala
Photo: Clmendizabal
Guatemala has long been known for its extremely high crime rates, but that's not the only reason the Central American country makes it onto our list of the most dangerous places on the planet. Geographical location and Guatemala's topography makes it extremely vulnerable to at least three natural disasters: earthquakes, hurricanes and landslides. For example, in 1976, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake killed about 23,000 people.
14. Lake Natron, Tanzania
Photo: Clem23
Lake Natron is located at the foot of a mountain that is part of the Kenya Rift (or Gregory Rift), and it is rightfully considered one of the deadliest bodies of water in the world. Its water is extremely salty and heats up to 60 °C, and the acid-base balance ranges between 9 and 10.5. Such a highly alkaline environment means that animals in this lake petrify (calcify) extremely quickly, its water very quickly eats away the paint on fabrics, and can also seriously harm the skin and eyes of unadapted animals, including humans.
13. Sanaa, Yemen
Photo: Rod Waddington/Kergunyah, Australia
Sanaa is the capital of Yemen and the city is famous for a number of reasons. For example, it is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. It is also the highest capital in the world relative to sea level – 2200 meters. Unfortunately, Sana'a is also one of the most dangerous places on Earth due to the fact that eternal chaos reigns here - constant bombings, murders and terrorist attacks.
12. Naples, Italy
Photo: Max Pixel
Naples is one of the largest Italian cities and has long been famous for its amazing architecture and delicious cuisine. Unfortunately, it is not for nothing that this place is included in the list of the creepiest places on the planet. This is a real trap, ready to bury millions of people at any moment. The entire city sits directly on the giant supervolcano Campi Flegrei, and scientists believe that an eruption from this volcano could potentially pose a deadly threat to everyone in the region.
11. Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan 
Photo: IAEA/flickr
Mailu Suu is home to about 23,000 people and is a mining town whose residents formerly worked in uranium mines. It was here that about 10,000 tons of uranium were mined for the USSR nuclear program in the 20th century, and now this city is one of the most radioactive places on the planet. In addition, landslides, earthquakes and floods are the most common occurrence in this region, which only increases the risk of exposure over and over again.
10. Manaus, Brazil
Photo: James Martins
Manaus is home to almost 2 million people, and this metropolis is not on our list because of its crime rate, which is lower than many other Brazilian cities. The capital of the state of Amazonas is located right in the middle of the rainforest on the banks of the legendary Amazon River, in the vicinity of which many extremely dangerous animals live. For example, swimming in this river is a very reckless idea, because piranhas, anacondas, electric eels and other deadly creatures are found here.
9. Bermuda Triangle, North Atlantic
Photo: wikimedia commons
The Bermuda Triangle has long had a reputation for being sinister or even mystical place. Geographically, it is an area of the Atlantic Ocean between Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda, bounded by a conventional triangle. For decades, the region has been associated with a string of supposedly mysterious disappearances, either caused by the Earth's magnetic fields or related to alien intervention. Some of the strange cases have long been investigated and explained, but there are mysteries that still remain unsolved and excite the imagination of mystics.
8. Dallol, Ethiopia
Photo: Ji-Elle, Dallol-Ethiopie
A ghost town in northern Ethiopia, Dallol is one of the most remote, low-lying and hottest on Earth. The average annual temperature here is approximately 34.6 °C, and this place was once the hottest populated area in the world. The groundwater in this area is extremely saline and acidic. In addition, near Dallol there are geysers that evaporate toxic gases into the air.
7. North Sentinel Island, India
Photo: Harvinder Chandigarh
North Sentinel Island is part of the Andaman Islands group in the Bay of Bengal and politically belongs to India. This land is famous for its picturesque views and amazing nature, but the locals are extremely hostile and aggressive towards strangers. They refuse to contact outsiders and have even killed several intrusive visitors.
6. Lake Nyos, Cameroon
Photo: wikimedia commons
Located in the northwest of Cameroon, the Nyos crater lake is located in an area with volcanic activity and constant leaks of carbon dioxide directly from the ground. During a “limnological catastrophe,” carbon dioxide erupts directly from the bottom of the reservoir and forms a deadly cloud. This gas is heavier than air, and therefore it immediately settles on the ground, displacing oxygen and killing all life in its path. Two such gas eruptions in the 1980s killed more than 1,700 people and approximately 3,500 livestock.
5. Haiti
Photo: wikimedia commons
The third largest country in the Caribbean (after Cuba and the Dominican Republic), Haiti is also a country where hurricanes occur almost more often than anywhere else in the world. Not only is Haiti located right on the “hurricane highway,” but it is also a rather poor country that cannot independently deal with the consequences of regular natural disasters. Human settlements are typically built in floodplain valleys, natural defenses (such as forests) have long been degraded, and the country's economy is not stable enough to afford flood protection and warning systems. This is why almost every hurricane here ends up being deadly.
4. Burkina Faso
Photo: wikimedia commons
Burkina Faso is a small, landlocked West African country. This place was ranked as the most dangerous place on the planet due to problems with terrorism and frequent hostage takings. Criminals attack hotels, cafes, restaurants and other places where simple people get together for relaxation and entertainment. Some of the terrorist attacks in Burkina Faso were carried out by organized groups from neighboring countries (Mali, Niger).
3. Death Valley, USA
Photo: Wolfgangbeyer / German Wikipedia
Death Valley is located on the border between Nevada and California in the Great Basin Desert, and it got its name for a reason. It is incredibly hot here in the summer (up to 56.7 °C), and terribly cold in the winter months. In addition, due to storms that rage in the area of the mountains surrounding this place, the lowlands of the valley are often and extremely suddenly flooded.
2. Fukushima, Japan
Photo: wikimedia commons
In March 2011, the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima, the island of Honshu, became the site of one of the most tragic nuclear disasters in human history. A nuclear power plant exploded in Fukushima as a result of a powerful earthquake and tsunami. Even today, 6 years after the disaster, very high levels of radiation are still recorded here, making this place one of the most dangerous in the world.
1. Fraser Island, Australia
Photo: wikimedia commons
Australia's Fraser Island is literally strewn with beautiful beaches with white sand and clear water. Although this place is picturesque, it is an extremely dangerous area that should be avoided. Sandy beaches are infested with poisonous spiders, and very aggressive ones live here. wild dogs dingoes, and the sea itself is overrun with sharks and poisonous jellyfish.