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Three Podolsk estates. Three Podolsk estates History of the Polivanovo estate during the Second World War

Polivanovo Estate(Russia, Moscow region, Podolsky district, Polivanovo)

These lands are the ancestral patrimony of the Polivanovs, who descended from a Tatar who came from the Golden Horde during the time of Dmitry Donskoy. After the Polivanovs, the estate was owned by the Saltykovs, Razumovskys, Apraksins, Gudovichs, Dokhturovs and Davydovs.
The Church of the Annunciation (1777-1779) had at least two predecessors. The first wooden church was erected here under the Polivanovs in 1631, and under the Saltykovs a stone one was built in another place. The brick and plastered Church of the Annunciation belongs to the centric type. The base, square in plan with rounded corners, carries a light quadrangle with beveled edges, resting on girth arches and internal pylons.

The closed vault is completed with a spire. The exterior decoration of the building is solemn. The facades are decorated with pilaster porticoes with pediments, and on the west side, protruding beyond the red line, with columned ones. The decorative decoration is complemented by round second-light windows, graceful profile cornices and stucco garlands.
Upon completion of the temple, construction of the manor house began. The two-story brick and plastered building on a high plinth in the classicist style is decorated from the courtyard side with a white stone portico of the Ionic order, and from the park side - a loggia with paired columns. This building stands out from the environment of similar buildings due to its unusual architectural and planning solution. At the corners of the house there are round towers covered with domes. In two of them (and if you look at the plan, then in one) there are stairs leading to the second floor. The facades of the building are divided in height by an interfloor cornice, the lower tier is lusciously rusticated, on the corner towers there are alternating smooth surfaces of rustication with a “fur coat” treatment, windows in frame niches.





The existing architectural ensemble was formed under K.G. Razumovsky, and according to researchers belongs to the design of Vasily Bazhenov.
Currently, having survived the revolution, the Great Patriotic War, and the era of oblivion, the Annunciation Church, which lost its bell tower, has been restored and is functioning. The main manor house after the war of 1941–1945. occupied by the bone tuberculosis hospital, and now a branch of the Moscow Psychoneurological Hospital named after. ON THE. Alekseeva. Although the building has not been renovated for a long time, one thing is good that it has not been abandoned to the mercy of fate.
Polivanov Park has been cleared, tidied up and beautified. For the first time we encountered such indifference of the population and summer residents to their habitat! Between the church and the house there is a burial place of soldiers from 1812, above which grow two mighty larches - the same age as the estate. Nearby is a monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Personalities

Count K.G. RAZUMOVSKY, 1724-1805, younger brother of gr. Alexey, born in Lemeshi, March 18, 1724. The rise of his brother, who from a simple Cossack became the husband of the Empress, led to the rise of the entire family. In 1742, Kirill, together with his mother Natalia “Rozumikha” and his sisters, was summoned to St. Petersburg and here entrusted with the education of G. N. Teplov, the son of the wife of the stoker of the Pskov bishop’s house, a pupil of the famous Feofan Prokopovich, whom he resembled in intelligence and flexibility of character; accompanied by him, in 1745, Razumovsky was sent abroad, “In order to reward the time neglected to this day with teaching, after 2 years, having studied in Königsberg with Euler and in Strasbourg, at that time granted a count (June 15, 1744), he returned to Russia he was completely European: he danced excellently, spoke French and German; He enthusiastically threw himself into the whirlwind of entertainment and revelry at court, and “all the beauties were crazy about him.” In 1746, on May 21, Razumovsky was appointed president of the Academy of Sciences, “due to the special ability seen in him and the art acquired in the sciences”; being no worse than his German predecessors, he conducted business just as poorly, but managed to give a helping hand to Lomonosov... On October 27, 1746, already a chamberlain and Alexander's gentleman, Razumovsky married Natalia Ivanovna Naryshkina. In February 1750, he was elected in Glukhov to the hetman of Little Russia, although he himself subsequently did not attach much importance to this “election” and Mazepa considered the latter hetman...

With extraordinary pomp, the hetman arrived in Little Russia and began to live as a king in Glukhov and Baturin; Teplov took the reins of government into his own hands. At the beginning of 1752, Razumovsky learned the St. Andrew's ribbon. With the rise of a new favorite, he retained his previous position, since he was a close friend of I. I. Shuvalov. According to the ideas of both of them, the Academy of Arts was established, and when Shuvalov decided to create Moscow University, the hetman did not want to give up his dream of establishing a university in Baturin and generally tried to raise schools in Little Russia. The short reign of Peter III caused quite a bit of grief to Razumovsky, although the Emperor treated him favorably and even appointed him commander-in-chief of the army that was supposed to act against Denmark: the hetman thought both this appointment and marching on the parade ground in front of the Izmailovsky regiment were a mockery, and the role of a jester was to him not to my liking. He became a zealous supporter of Catherine, with whom, by her own admission, he had previously been in love. Razumovsky remained her devoted friend forever. A temporary cooling was brought about by Razumovsky’s careless request for the continuity of the hetman’s dignity, which was prompted by the two-faced Teplov. When on November 10, 1764, the hetman was renamed field marshals, as if at his request, and the hetmanate was destroyed, the favor of the Empress was returned to him. After spending 1765-1767 abroad, Razumovsky returned to St. Petersburg and here on June 22, 1771 he became a widower. Having moved to Baturin, Razumovsky brought there his beloved niece, Countess S. O. Apraksina, who lived with him until the end of his days. Count K. G. Razumovsky died on January 9, 1805 and was buried in the Baturin Church.

There are many stories about Razumovsky that characterize his kindness and accessibility, his generosity and luxurious life, his rough frankness, with a touch of purely Little Russian good-natured humor. Despite his upbringing, travel and court life, he still remained a Ukrainian and admitted that, as soon as they started playing the bandura, he had to quickly remember who he was, so as not to go into hopak. They say that he kept the costume of his youth, when he was still herding oxen, and loved to show it to his overly arrogant sons; however, from one of them I had to hear a completely reasonable answer: “There is a huge difference between us: you are the son of a simple Cossack, and I am the son of a Russian field marshal.” According to Catherine II, “he was handsome, had an original mind, was very pleasant to talk to, and was incomparably smarter than his brother, who was also handsome.”
The attached portrait was painted by Pompeo Battoni in Rome in 1766. On April 2, 1791, Razumovsky wrote to his son Andrei: “You can take the portrait of the Batonievs, then it will live with you, and over time, if my health permits, the original may come to see you.” But Count K.G. never managed to visit his son, and the portrait remained abroad forever.

(From a portrait of Battoni 1766; property of Count Camillus Razumovsky, Troppau, in Silesia)

Manor Park

Polivanovo. The estate has been known since the 17th century. as the estate of the Polivanov nobles, then it belonged to the Saltykovs, and subsequently to the Naryshkins, in the 18th century. moved to the Razumovskys. During the 19th century. many owners have changed. What remains is a manor house in the classicist style and the Annunciation Church of the 18th century. on the bank of the river Pakhra.
The park is designed in a regular style. Linden alleys have been partially preserved, old lindens reach a height of 40 m with a trunk diameter of 100 cm. The peripheral part of the park gradually turns into a linden forest with sporadic participation of spruce and its abundant renewal, along with maple, with an undergrowth of raspberries, white dogwood and goat willow.
There are only four introduced species: two specimens of Siberian larch (height 30 m, trunk diameter 80 cm), many specimens of white poplar (height 24 m, trunk diameter 65 cm), regenerated by shoots, and a group of black and semi-soft hawthorn.
It is necessary to preserve the old linden alleys and, if possible, restore the previous layout.

As usual, on our days off we go in search of cultural places. This time the choice fell on the estates of the Podolsk region close to us - Shchapovo and Polivanovo. Despite the fact that the weather was unlucky, we had a great and interesting walk.

Shchapovo Estate(Aleksandrovo also) is located 12 km southwest of Podolsk.
The village of Aleksandrovo was first mentioned in scribe books in 1627, where it is said that boyar Vasily Petrovich Morozov gave his ancient estate as a dowry to his daughter Maria, who was married to Prince Andrei Vasilyevich Golitsyn.

This is the building of the agricultural school, 1903-1959, in which the Shchapovo estate museum is currently open. But this Sunday it was closed, excursions are available by appointment.

1) The village is located in a hilly area, the estate is surrounded by ponds

2) In 1779, instead of the wooden one, the stone Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was built.

3) Sign in honor of the 400th anniversary of the village of Alexandrovo, the village of Shchapovo

4) The territory of the estate is completely open, not enclosed by any fence, all the houses belonging to the Shchapovs are marked with museum plaques, located in the estate park, now just a rural local park.

5) Manor Park

6) Manager's house, early 20th century

7) The manor house (from half of the 18th to the end of the 19th century) is associated with the activities of I.V. Shchapova. This was the first “landowner” who was not a nobleman, who received the estate not for service or by inheritance, but as a result of a purchase from the heir Arsenyev.

8) Shchapov built a two-story house for himself and his wife in the Russian style that was widespread at that time: without columns, but with a wooden turret topped with a tent. The house has carved platbands and the same roof decoration.

9) Coach house and stables, con. 19th century

10) Residential building of the 19th century. The photo shows snow falling, despite the fact that we arrived in almost sunny weather

11) Manor houses, Glacier in the foreground

12) And here the raging bad weather is clearly visible. View of the building called "Dairy" from the 19th century.

13) Park with ponds

14)

15) There is also a monument to WWII soldiers in the park

16) And this is the grave of Shchapov himself

17) And finally...

Polivanovo Estate(Podolsky district, highway [A101]). From Shchapovo only 4 km.
These lands are the ancestral patrimony of the Polivanovs, who descended from a Tatar who came from the Golden Horde during the time of Dmitry Donskoy. After the Polivanovs, the estate was owned by the Saltykovs, Razumovskys, Apraksins, Gudovichs, Dokhturovs and Davydovs.

1) The Church of the Annunciation (1777-1779) had at least two predecessors. The first wooden church was erected here under the Polivanovs in 1631, and under the Saltykovs a stone one was built in another place.

2) And again, barely having time to get out of the car, the weather was bad again - a blizzard, snow and rain and wind. In the church yard there is a great children's playground with lots of toys!

3) And the church itself is simply extraordinary. This is only a small part of the plants living in the temple. The atmosphere due to this greenery is amazing.
As we walked modestly inside, the grandmother-caretaker said: “Girls, don’t be shy, take pictures if you want.” This was the first time I saw and heard this. She and I got to talking about the estate, the church, the owners, etc.

4) And she took us to the basements of the church, where the original brickwork of the 18th century was preserved.

5) She told me what was there and how. Baptisms are currently taking place in the basements

6) Polivanov Park has been cleared, tidied up and beautified.

7) Between the church and the house there is a burial place of soldiers from 1812, above which grow two mighty larches - the same age as the estate. Nearby is a monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

8) The main manor house is currently occupied by a Psychiatric Hospital. But entry to the territory is free.

9) And also, in Polivanovo, for the first time this year, I saw a willow!!!

10) This is simply an extraordinary plant! I love her!

11) And in general, Polivanovo is located in a beautiful natural place. Hills, pine forests, Pakhra flows! Beauty! You should come here in the summer for barbecue and fishing)

It turned out to be a surprisingly fine November day, it was a sin not to take advantage of such a chance, and we headed to Podolsk to look at the estates. Strictly speaking, not all Podolsk estates can de jure be attributed to Podolsk, because the city itself is now surrounded by New Moscow, and estates located in close proximity to Podolsk have now passed to Moscow. Having visited 4 estates, we crossed the border of Podolsk and Moscow several times. I decided not to bother too much with the administrative affiliation of the territories and assign all 4 estates to Podolsk. Although, the administrative redistribution still had some influence on the fate of the estates.

2. The village of Polivanovo is located on the picturesque high bank of Pakhra.


The place is convenient for defense, so the first settlements on this site arose quite a long time ago - in the 12th century. The date was determined by scientists from ancient burials found on the territory of the village.
The lands around the village belonged to the Polivanov family, known since the time of Dmitry Donskoy and having Tatar Golden Horde roots. Hence the name of the village. The surname is not Tatar at all; I don’t know its origin. Like many other estates, Polivanovo changed its owners. But the names of the owners are well known in our country - these are the Apraksins, Saltykovs, Razumovskys, Davydovs, Dokhturovs, Gudovichs. But the estate began with the Polivanovs.
Construction began with the church. The first church was built in 1631 and was wooden. The stone temple was already built by Saltykov. But it didn’t survive either. The current Annunciation Church was built in the 1770s and 80s by the last Little Russian hetman, Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, the younger brother of the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. But it is not a fact that the count visited this estate of his; it was not his only one.

3.

4. Under Razumovsky, the church had two bell towers; they have not survived to our times; now there is only one bell tower, standing alone.

5. There are 4 altars in the church, but only two are currently in use.

6. It was not possible to get inside the church - it was closed.

At the church there was a small almshouse for 10-12 people. It was first mentioned in documents in 1822. Whether anything from the almshouse has survived, I can only guess, but next to the temple there are a couple of buildings that can lay claim to the title of successor to the almshouse.

7. There seemed to be a museum of the Polivanovo estate here - a branch of the museum of the Shchapovo estate. We even took tours of the estate. But with the transfer of the territory to Moscow, the museum was closed.

8. The clergy house. Here the first floor looks older than the second.

It's time to go to the territory of the estate itself. Now the estate is occupied by a branch of the Alekseev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital. The sign about such affiliation scares many people away, but the road to the cottage village runs right through the hospital territory, along which cars drive freely, so access there is free.

9. Main entrance facing Pakhra. Ionic portico flanked by two staircases.

10. Perhaps the author of the estate project was Vasily Bazhenov. The main house of the estate was completed under Razumovsky, who acquired the estate from the Saltykovs in 1757. At the corners of the rectangular building there are four towers, which give the house a resemblance to medieval castles. The towers contain stairs to the second floor.

The next owner of the estate was Count Andrei Ivanovich Gudovich, he got it as an inheritance; his father, Field Marshal General I.V. Gudovich, was married to Natalia Kirillovna, Razumovsky’s daughter. General A.I. Gudovich was a participant in the War of 1812, he served at the court in St. Petersburg, but he often visited Polivanovo and was buried here. The tombstone on the grave of Count A.I. Gudovich was found during the clearing of the church territory.

11. Concerns about the patients of the hospital were in vain. We walked around the estate for about 20 minutes, we didn’t come across a single person. Yes, and bars are present only on individual windows and on this balcony on the north side

After Gudovich, the mistress of the estate became the court adviser Dokhturov, probably a relative of the hero of the Patriotic War, General Dokhturov.

12.


There is another building, a former outbuilding, but it was so heavily rebuilt that it was difficult to recognize it as a historical building, and I didn’t even take a photo of it.

In 1863, the estate was bought by the wife of the provincial secretary, Yulia Sergeevna Davydova. In 1871, a teacher’s seminary was opened in the almshouse building - something like a pedagogical school. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, in 1871, the next owner (landowner Yu.M. Davydova) leased the estate to the zemstvo, and until 1918, a teacher’s school and a teacher’s seminary were located in the estate house and outbuilding.
After the revolution, the manor house housed an agricultural technical school, a school, and then a tuberculosis hospital.

13. The territory of the estate is equipped like some kind of cultural park. There is a summer scene.

14. There is something like a fountain here.

15. Own greenhouses. It is possible that they are used for occupational therapy purposes.

16. And alleys of old linden trees, clearly planted before the revolution. There are also larches and silver poplars.

17. Between the manor park and the church there is a memorial with the graves of participants in the War of 1812. The bright yellow tree in the depths of the frame is a larch, the same age as the burial. Participants of the Second Patriotic War are also buried here.

18. On the opposite bank of Pakhra there is the Rodina sanatorium. The main building with quite estate architecture

19. And the places here are beautiful.

20. And mushrooms.

Podolsk estates
Polivanovo
Shchapovo
Ivanovskoe
Dubrovitsy

Polivanovo Estate (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Tourist reviews, photos and videos.

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The high bank and bend of the Pakhra hide a magnificent house and ancient park alleys, along which high-ranking persons close to the royal court walked, leaving a huge mark on Russian history. Polivanovo is one of the pearls of the estate of the Moscow region. It includes the manor house and the stone Church of the Annunciation. In the drawing by the grandson of Field Marshal G.K. Razumovsky, it is presented in a completely different form - without a portico with a colonnade on the facade. Whether it was added later is unknown.

A little history

The Polivanov family began with a descendant of a Tatar - a native of the Golden Horde. They owned these lands for many centuries, and the village was named after their family name, despite the fact that later more noble families lived here. The founding date of the estate is considered to be 1631 - at that time the construction of the wooden Annunciation Church was completed and the construction of the manor house, also made of wood, began. The estate acquired the view that we can admire now under Field Marshal G.K. Razumovsky, the brother of the imperial favorite. The stone house was built in 1784. Until 1918, the estate was passed from hand to hand through family ties. Under Soviet rule, there was a school, a technical school, and a bone and tuberculosis hospital here. Today the house houses a branch of the Moscow Psychiatric Hospital named after. Alekseeva.

What to see

Despite the fact that there is a “house of sorrow” in the estate, its territory is accessible to everyone. There's a lot to see here. The house was built in the classicist style, with a Doric portico on the facade and 4 round towers at the corners. A regular park descends to the bank of the Pakhra, where an outbuilding is located, and the Church of the Annunciation is located to the side. It has the shape of a quadrangle, the entrance is made in the form of a triangular portico with columns, on the base there is a drum with high windows, the dome is completed with a spire.

The name of the architect of the estate has not yet been established. There is an opinion that he was Vasily Bazhenov.

The manor park contains the graves of heroes of the War of 1812, as well as a monument to soldiers who died in the Second World War. Their peace is protected by larches planted during the construction of the master's stone house. Ancient linden trees have also been preserved, the diameter of their trunks reaches 1 m. It is unlikely that you will be able to get into the house itself, and nothing remains of the former magnificent decoration there. But the Annunciation Church is operational and regular services are held there. It was also destroyed in the 1930s. last century, but was restored in 1996. The bell tower of the temple was blown up, its drawings were not preserved.

Practical information

How to get there: by bus No. 410 from the Yuzhnaya metro station; by train - to Podolsk, then by bus No. 1034 to Polivanovo. By personal transport - along the M2 highway to Podolsk, then along the Southern Bypass, then along the Varshavskoye Highway, at Oznobishino turn right to Shchapovo and then to Polivanovo.

Today I was able to visit the Polivanovo estate for the first time. This is one of the many estates of Count Kirill Razumovsky, built in the 1780s on the banks of the Pakhra River in the style of classicism. The estate was never put up for sale, and passed from hand to hand only between relatives.
After the Bolsheviks came to power, the building was occupied by educational institutions, then by a bone and tuberculosis hospital. Now there is a branch of the Moscow city psycho-neurological hospital.

A sad alley pierces the territory of the estate from west to east.

For the construction of a manor house in Polivanovo, a place was chosen on the high, steep bank of the Pakhra River. A distinctive feature is the presence of domed towers on all four corners. Such turrets are more typical of the castles of Central Europe than the estates of the Moscow region. There are stairs inside the front towers.

Western wall of the Main House with northwestern and southwestern towers.

The main entrance is decorated with a six-column white stone portico of the Ionic order, the entrance from the park has a loggia on paired columns. There is a cornice between the floors; the lower floor is highlighted from the façade with four stripes of rustication.

The southeast tower is clearly visible in this photo.

East wall of the main house with two towers.



North (long) wall, in the foreground is the northeast tower

Facade of the northern wall.

Western wall of the main house.

The hospital area is quite well landscaped: there are benches, gazebos, and a tennis court. In the summer it would be nice to take a walk here, but... it’s still a hospital, and a mental hospital at that.

Outbuilding, aka administration.
In general, my opinion is that if you drive the hospital out of here, the house will fall apart in 10 years, turning into Grebnevo. Only a mental hospital keeps him in decent condition. Like this.

Nearby is the Memory Square:

In memory of the Tarutino maneuver (in the area of ​​the village of Polivanovo there were battles with the French).

And this monument is about those who died in the Great Patriotic War.

The Church of the Annunciation in Polivanovo forms a single ensemble with the estate. It was built at the end of the 18th century "with the care of Hetman Kirill Razumovsky." In the 1930s, the church was closed, all property was stolen, the bell tower was blown up, there was a club, a warehouse, and other rubbish. I mean, I'm not against clubs, but not in a church building. In the 1990s, the temple also burned down, but was then restored.

The church is truly interesting and atypical.

And this is not a chapel at all, but a bell tower! Short, isn't it?

What else did I achieve today? When I was in the Shchapovo estate in October, the reconstruction of the estate house was in full swing. Of course, I couldn’t help but stop by and see how things were progressing. Now, finally, I can announce: the facade of the house has been RESTORED, which is very cool! I won’t publish any more photos for now, as I plan to make a separate large post about Shchapovo.

Yes, yes, this is not a prison or a castle, but a museum of the Shchapovo estate, which I will tell you about some other time.