All about car tuning

What is a bowsprit on a ship. Sailing ships of the 15th century

Flemish caracca - shrouds


Guys - stretch marks that hold the mast so that it does not fall, which is good.
A. Nekrasov. Adventures of Captain Vrungel



Carrack model from Nuremberg ( Schlusselfelder Schiff), silver, gilding, 1503. The author is presumably Albrecht Dürer Sr.


The design of fastening the shrouds of the mainmast to the hull of the Flemish carrack is unusual. The first few gears are attached directly to the board, the rest - to a wide channel.

The appearance of a wide horizontal line in an engraving believed to date from the wedding of Charles the Bold and Margaret of York in 1468, with a detailed depiction of ufers on it, is rather unusual. The shrouds at that time were fixed mainly on the deck or directly on the sides, and it was impossible to recognize the methods by which they were stuffed in the available images (you can read about the shrouds on the galleys and the terms associated with this process in one of our previous posts). Usually artists limited themselves to some incomprehensible zigzags. One of the first reliably dated (1493) images of a horizontal riverbed is Michael Wolgemuth's engraving "Ulysses and Circe" in the "Nuremberg Chronicle" by Hartmann Schedel.


Woodcut from Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle ( Schedel"schen Weltchronik), sheet 41 recto


But even on it, a device for stuffing shrouds is just some kind of zigzags around the gear.

The unusual image of the Flemish caracca is reinforced by the difference in the style of this engraving from the style of other surviving works of the Master WA: the image of the caracca does not correspond in any way with the period of 1468, but rather corresponds to the style of the last works of the Master, falling on the 1485-1490s. The problem can be solved by assuming that the original image, made for the wedding, was redone in later years. If you look again at the enlarged image of the caracca in the area where the shrouds are attached


then you can see the traces of the removed fragment of the image between the cargo port in the side of the karakka and the channel above it. Partially removed detail apparently represented a cargo port, which was located higher and closer to the stern than the port in the final image. Moving the port to a new location can be easily explained. Loading heavy objects through the cargo hatch in the side was often carried out using hoists on the mainsail, which was used as a cargo boom. The wide channel, as depicted in the engraving, located immediately above the old image of the port, made loading through this port impossible. Apparently, the riverbed is a later addition to the engraving, and along with it, changes were made to the location of the cargo port.

Now about the very method of fastening the guys. Let us briefly consider its evolution. Enlargement sailing ships and the growth in connection with this of the tension forces of the standing rigging required new ways of stuffing the cables. There are three such methods in total. The first was similar to the method used when stringing musical instruments. The ends of the guys were wound on pegs (like pegs on a violin). The tension of the gear was carried out with the help of lambs attached to these pins, which also looks very much like a tuning technique for stringed instruments. A good illustration of this option can be seen in an engraving by Hans Burkmayr (1511), located in the book of commentaries of a Strasbourg preacher. Geiler von Kaysersberg to Sebastian Brant's poem " ship of fools» .


Thus, in this case, the tension of the cables was carried out using a kind of collar, a small windlass, equipped, as some researchers believe (H. H. Brindly, 1913), with a ratchet mechanism (ratchet with a dog). However, it cannot be ruled out. that the pins were held in position by a conventional friction clutch, which was more natural in that era. It should be noted that no other images of a similar method of tensioning the cables were found, so a hypothesis was put forward that the image resurrects a long-forgotten, perhaps historically first, method.

Another possible way of stuffing the shrouds was the way of spinning the tackle. To understand its essence, consider the cable-stayed cables that existed at that time. In principle, there are two types of twisted cables: left descent and right descent. In 1973, a special international standard ISO 2 was even introduced to designate these two types of cable winding:

The capital Latin letter S denoted the cables of the left descent, and the capital Z denoted the cables of the right. These letters were chosen because the direction of the line in their middle corresponds to the direction of the strand in the corresponding cable. It’s more convenient for us, I think, there will be another rule: if you look along the cable, then for the cable of the left descent, the strand, moving away from the observer, goes in the left direction, and for the right one, respectively, in the right direction. (For connoisseurs of rifled weapons, there is a direct analogy with determining the direction of cutting the barrel: the right one - “left, up, right” (historically it is Russia, the USA, etc.) and the left one (England, France, etc.)) and, as a rule, they were used for the manufacture of shrouds.

If the cable of the right descent (a) is “twisted” counterclockwise (b), then it becomes shorter, the tension of the cable increases, if it is clockwise (c), the cable lengthens. This property of twisted cables was used for stuffing the cables.

A toggle was attached to the lower end of the shroud, which passed through the hole in the board (we already talk about toggles). By rotating the toggle in the desired direction, the cable tension was increased or decreased.

There are images and even models of sailing ships with a similar way of stuffing the shrouds. For example, in the illuminated Psalters of Luttrell(1320-1340) the miniature for Psalm 89 just shows shrouds with toggles.


Luttrell Psalter (British Library), miniature fragment for Psalm 89


And of course, a wonderful silver carrack model from Nuremberg, a photo of which is given at the beginning of the post, and an enlarged image is given below.

Kohlhausen (H. Kohlhausen. Nürnberger Goldschmiedekunst des Mittelalters undder Durerzeit 1240 bis 1540, Berlin, 1968) suggests that the possible author of the model, Albrecht Dürer Sr., took as a model for it an engraving of the Flemish caracca by Master WA. However, there is one obstacle: on the Dürer model, the method of fastening the shrouds with the help of toggles is used, and on the Flemish carrack, as we have seen, lufers and a channel are used.

And, finally, consider the third way to tension the cables - using blocks. Initially, the guys were stuffed using a single-pulley block, which, as you know, gives a twofold gain in strength. Further improvement of this method led to the replacement of a simple block with a pair of lufers - pulleyless blocks with three through holes in the cheeks, located in the form of a triangle, through which the lanyard's lopars are passed (see the above enlarged image of the Flemish carrack in the shroud area). The new design theoretically made it possible to achieve a fivefold gain in strength.

Historically, the introduction of the lufers coincided in time with the introduction of the channels for their fastening: increasing the tension of the shrouds in the new method of their fastening threatened to tear off the side plating, so the blocks were no longer fastened overboard, but on a special horizontal board - the ruslen. Initially, this board was attached to the board with a face, vertically. We see this method of fastening, for example, on a karakk from the painting by Hans Memling "The Seven Joys of Mary"


Hans Memling, The Seven Joys of Mary (1480). Old Munich Pinakothek

The artist depicted eighteen different episodes from the life of Mary and Christ within one huge board. We are interested in the scene in the background depicting the loading of the Magi and their horses onto the ships (on the way back from the Holy Land after the worship of Christ).

The resolution of the available reproductions from this picture is not enough to see the ships on the horizon in detail. Therefore, we give an illustration from the article by A. W. Sleeswyk The Carrack of Hans Memling (1987)


Caracci of the Magi (1480)

Although in this image we do not particularly distinguish the details of interest to us, it is proposed to take a word that on the left ship the shrouds are fastened through the yufers, which are fixed on the board, with its plane pressed against the ship's boron.

We will continue this topic next time.

- What about dealing with him? Just a tilted log! Xenia said.

– Even with a "simple log" you need to know the names of the parts ... The rear end of the bowsprit is called a spur, like a mast. Front - but about to, like a boom, hafel or ray.

The spur of the bowsprit is fixed between two strong bars (b and teng and m) that go from the deck to the very bottom. In addition, the bowsprit is attracted to the bowsprit by a special bracket, it is called v a ter - v l and n g.

- But he's on top, on the deck, and not near the water, - Slava was surprised. - Why "water ..."?

- The fact is that the front part of the stem, with which it cuts through the water, is called a water cut. The waterwooling is attached to it ... Actually, the word "wooling" means "rope fastening". Because it was with cables in the old days that the bowsprits were fixed on the water cutter ...

You see how much is connected even with a "simple log". But simple, that is, from one tree, bowsprits are found only on small ships. And we are building a complete frigate, with all the details of the spars. Therefore, our bowsprit has two extensions, they are attached to each other with bushsprit and ezelgoftam.

The second part of the bowsprit is called UTL E GAR. And the continuation of the legar is BOM-UTLEGAR.

“It would be more logical to use a bram-fitler,” Slava remarked.

- May be. But it just so happened: "bowsprit, jib, bom-jib".

Bowsprit, jib, bom jib!

What a great way to run on them! -

composed by Anton Shtukin.

“Sometimes the sailors have to go for a run there,” Yakov Platonovich agreed. But it must be done skillfully and carefully. And then not long to be in the water.

“But they’re stretching a net under the bowsprit!” Xenia exclaimed. - Here, on the Meridian model ...

- Yes. But this was not always the case. On the old large sailboats, the bowsprits were huge - whole masts! Try to make a network for such a giant! Yes, even when it bristles with long spars.

- What offshoots? Anton was surprised.

- Sometimes a spar is attached to the bowsprit, which is called BLINDA-RAY. "Blind" in translation into Russian means "blind". In past centuries, a quadrangular sail was tied to the blind yard, which helped with the maneuvering of a heavy vessel ... It helped to help, but it was hard to see it from the deck, which is why it was called blind. Abandoned the use of the blind in the eighteenth century. But the rail remained - for stretching the cables that hold the bowsprit from the sides. However, sometimes now, instead of a blind-ray, they put two processes - BLINDA-HAFEL.

And under the bowsprit, approximately in the same place where the blinda-rai or blinda-gafels are attached, another spar part is often placed. Such a process that looks obliquely or vertically down. This is MARTIN Geek. Why "geek" is understandable. It looks like mast booms. And why "Martin", I, to tell the truth, I do not know. Maybe it was invented by a shipbuilder with that name ...

I knew a cadet who liked to compose poems about sails and storms. I remember these lines:

Water and sky met in a noisy dispute,

And the ocean was boiling wild.

And our ship flew forward over the sea,

Ripping out combs with a martin geek...

Antosha Shtukin sighed enviously. He did not yet know how to invent such beautiful poems.

- And at the end of today's classes we will make the last spar drawing, - said Yakov Platonovich. - Bowsprit with all the details. I will try to start, and you, Slava, help ...

And so they did...

- Just a real spreading tree on the ship's bow, - said Vasya.

“Yes,” agreed Yakov Platonovich, brushing off the chalk from his palms. - And in the days of Magellan and Francis Drake, on heavy ships like galleons and ancient ships of the line, an additional mast was put on the bow of a jib or bom-jib - with one or two yards, with a top. That's what it was called - b u shp r and t n a i m a ch t a.

And behind the mizzen on such ships there was sometimes another mast - also a small, auxiliary one. B o n a v e n t ur – ma ch t a. "Bonaventure" in some languages ​​means "good luck". Probably, the sailors believed that this mast would make the management of the ship more successful.

Under the spars and rigging of the vessel is understood all the equipment moving or at rest - masts, cargo half-masts, yardarms, hafels, cargo booms, shrouds, stays with all the details related to them. This name has been preserved since the days of sailing ships, however, its meaning has changed significantly during this time. So, initially, the spars and rigging of a sailing vessel ensured the advancement of the vessel, and now their main task on modern cargo ships is to place a cargo device, and on passenger ships, icebreakers, tugs and similar floating craft - signaling equipment.


Armament of a sailing ship

a - armament of a barque with an auxiliary engine; b - types of sailing equipment; c - types of sailing ships.

1 - mizzen boom; 2 - mizzen; 3 - mizzen mast; 4 - mizzen hafel; 5 - cruise topsail; 6 - cruise topmast; 7 - mainsail-bram-topmast; 8 - grotto-bom-bram-ray; 9 - main-bom-bramsel; 10 - grotto-bram-ray; 11 - main-bramsel; 12 - cruise-bram-staysail; 13 - cruise-wall-staysail; 14 - apse; 15 - upper mainsail; 16 - lower mainsail; 17 - grotto; 18 - main topmast; 19 - main mast; 20 - upper grotto-mars-rai; 21 - lower grotto-mars-ray; 22 - grotto-rai; 23 - mainsail-bom-bram-staysail; 24 - mainsail-bram-staysail; 25 - mainsail-stay-sail; 26 - for-bom-bram-ray; 27 - fore-bram-topmast; 28 - fore-bom-bramsel; 29 - fore-bram-ray; 30 - fore-bramsel; 31 - for-bom-bram-stay; 32 - bom-jib-leer; 33 - upper fore-mars-ray; 34 - upper fore-Marseille; 35 - fore topmast; 36 - lower fore-mars-ray; 37 - lower fore-Marseille; 38 - foke ray; 39 - fore-mast; 40 - fork; 41 - fore-topmast-staysail; 42 - middle jib; 43 - jib; 44 - boom-jib; 45 - bowsprit; 46 - Latin sail; 47 - straight rake sail; 48 - luger or rake sail Tretyak; 49 - lug or rake sail quarter; 50 - sprint sail; 51- gaff sail; 52 - guari; 53 - Bermuda sail; 54 - evers; 55 - logger; 56 - ketch; 57 - deuhmast hafel schooner; 58 - two-masted topsail schooner; 59 - brigantine (schooner brig); 60 - brig; 61 - three-masted gaff schooner; 62 - three-masted topsail schooner; 63 - three-masted topsail schooner; 64 - barquentine (schooner-bark); 65 - bark; 66 is a fully armed ship.

The main part of the spars is the mast. Depending on the purpose of use, there are signal, cargo and special masts made of wood or pipes made of steel or light metal. To absorb the forces arising from the roll and pitching in heavy seas, the masts are attached to the sides or in the center plane with the help of shrouds and stays, consisting of steel wire ropes. On the signal masts are placed signal and radio antenna yards, and often also a hafel for hoisting the country's flag. Fresh information rigging work with us. In addition, they have flag halyards and a holder for a lantern.



Spars and rigging of cargo ships

a - cargo and signaling devices of a cargo ship of an old design; b - a cargo ship with cargo booms and ship cranes.

The simplest design is tubular masts (Fig. below a), which have one cargo boom each in front and behind. To accommodate other cargo booms, a saling is mounted on the top of the mast, and a traverse is attached to the mast two or three meters above the deck. The ends of the traverse rest on short ventilation posts. Saling and traverse often consist of a single box beam (fig. below b). The most commonly seen bipedal masts usually lack standing rigging, thereby increasing visibility to the open deck. Sometimes when working with heavy cargo devices, stays are installed on the opposite side (fig. below c).


cargo masts

a - tubular mast; b - tubular mast with saling and traverse of the cargo boom; c - two-legged mast. 1 - antenna rail; 2 - ray; 3 - searchlight beam; 4 - observation post on the mast ("crow's nest"); 5 - guys; 6 - topmast; 7 - saling; 8 - ventilation column; 9 - the foundation of the cargo boom.

Cargo half-masts, unlike masts, are rarely equipped with topmasts and are installed in pairs outside the center plane of the ship between hatches or on hatches. As a rule, they do not have stays, but are often connected to each other by means of a connecting stay or traverse. Cargo half-masts are often used to ventilate the cargo hold; in this case, deck fan sockets are provided in them.


Cargo half-masts

a - the location of the half-masts; b - half-masts with a traverse; c - half-masts with hatchets and shrouds; d - half-masts without stays. 1 - topmast; 2 - traverse; 3 - cargo half-mast; 4 - toprik; 5 - guys.

The masts and half-masts are fastened with shrouds and stays, which in almost all cases consist of steel cables. They are attached at one end to the mast (saling) or to the half-mast with strong butts (cable-stayed butts), and at the other end - to the bases of the shrouds (shrouds) in the immediate vicinity of the bulwark. Shrouds or stays with butts are attached to the mast or shrouds with the help of lobes; in the presence of fork rope locks, lobes are not required. Between the shrouds or stays and shrouds are lanyards for pulling cables.

The yards are suspended from the masts with the help of bayfoot, which should keep the yards at a sufficient distance from the masts so that the guys do not interfere with their brasop (turn).

The bayfoot, which the ancient Romans called apguipa, was a belt formed by several cable hoses. Subsequently, this belt was replaced by chiseled wooden balls - rax-clots, corals or paternosters (rosaries), mounted on two or three parallel cables. The latter were kept in a certain position relative to each other with the help of vertical long wooden plates - rax-slime, placed between the rax-clots. The cables themselves, passed through rax-cloths and rax-slugs.

photograph of the training vessel, view from the stern.

b - yoke putens-shrouds; 7 - ezelgoft; 8 - mizzen boom; 9 - mizzen hafel; 10 -bu-L^rik-fal; 13 - erens backstays; 14 - iok hafel; 15 - butt for the stern block I ^ l for installing dowels; 20 - yoke with butts for mizzen-boom tokens; 21 - "" - staples; 25 - sheets of mizzen-gnka.

were called rax-cables or rax-bastards, and the cable covering the yard and pressing it to the mast was called drossa in Italy (Fig. 298, a-b). There were various types of rope bayfoot or rax-yokes.

In the lower yards and Mars-yards, the rax-yoke was formed by three rows of rax-ropes with clots (Fig. 298, c). Medium rax-rope


Rice. 297 Mizzen boom and hafel of a steel mast of a modern sailing ship.

I her, lower mast; 2 "- topmast; 3 mars; 4 - putens guys; 5 -. masthead; 6 spurs stengn; 7 shknv-gat with a pulley for wall-vytrepa; 8 - ezelgoft; 9 - yoke puteno-shrouds; 10 "" yoke for the pin (bolt) of the ha-4el heel; And - forging a hafel with a pin; 12 - yoke about a butt for fastening a block of hoists dirik-fal; 13 ~ yoke with butts for fastening the root ends of the dirnk-halyard and erens backstays; 14 - pulley for wiring trisel-halyard; 13 - nok hafel; 16 - butt for the flag block; 17 - pin; 18 ~ yoke for gnk heel pin; 19 - hafel; 20 - mizzen boom; 21 - yoke with a butt and shoulder strap for gnk-sheets; 22 - yoke for boom-topenants; 23 wooden yoke for installing dowels.

at the ends he had a thimble, and the extreme ones - one krengels each. The rax-yoke was installed so that it went around the aft side of the mast, like a bandage, and the free ends of the extreme rax-cables, passed through the corresponding thimble and crengels, were fastened in the middle of the yard ^.

Through a yufers (a yufers is a wooden block without pulleys, in which two or three holes are drilled for wiring the corresponding rigging), installed in the middle of the bayfoot.


Rice. 298. Raks-bougels (cable bayfoot) of ancient ships: a - with three rows of clots; b ^ - є two rows of cloths; c - lower yard; d - English type; e - bram-ray; f - bastard rue galleys.

1 - rax-clots; 2 "" cancer-olises; 3 “crayfish; i "■ the end of the rako-troos; - 5 - krei" gelo; 6 e. thimble.

two ends were missed - a halyard and a niral raks-bougel. They helped to control the rax-yoke during the descent and ascent of the yard (Fig. 299).

Since the lower yards were rarely lowered and raised, in the 18th century. the rax yoke was replaced by a simpler yoke of the English type (see Fig. 298, d). It consisted of a cable wrapped in shkimushgar and sheathed in leather, at one end of which there was a krengel. The rax-yoke covered the mast, and the rax-rope, bending around the yard and mast, passed through the krengels and went down to the right of the mast.

At the end of the cable there was a block, which, together with another block installed at the partner of the mast, formed a hoist. These rax hoists, or beyfut hoists, served to stuff and etch the rax yoke. Additionally, another cable was wound up, which went around the yard and mast and was stuffed with the help of others.

^ With such wiring, the rax-yoke could not be irritated when lowering or raising the yard.

hoists placed on the opposite side of the mast. The English rax-bugel had a halyard and a niral (Fig. 300).

The rax yoke of the bram yards was almost the same as the yokes of the lower yards: it had two rax cables with clots. Both rax-cables were connected on one side and formed krengels. The rax-yoke went around the mast, then the rax-ropes covered the yard with two or three hoses, and, having passed through the krengel, were fastened. Such a rax-yoke was used on the lower yards and mars-yards of small ships (see Fig. 298, e).

Mizan-ryu rax yoke also consisted of two rax ropes with clots. From one

Rice. 299. Rax yoke of the lower yard.

I - rax yoke; 2 - mast; .5 - ray; 4 - halyard rax-yoke; 5 - nn-ral rax-yoke.

Figure 300. An English type rax yoke on the lower mast.

1 - rax-yoke; 2 - mast; 3-ray; 4 - halyard rax-yoke; 5 - nral rax-yoke; 6 - ■ bastard block) 7 - hoist rax-yoke; 8 - second taln.

On the other hand, both rax-cables were intertwined at one end and fastened on the yufers, and on the other hand, they went around the yard "passed through the mentioned yufers and were fastened on a two-pulley block (Fig. 301). The other block was at the mast on the quarterdeck and together with the first one formed a rax-tali.

The rax yokes of the blind-ray and the bom-blind-ray were special cable slings (Fig. 302). Rax yokes on the galleys - bastards - consisted of three rax ropes with clots, but without rake slimes (see Fig. 29c, 1).

In the 19th century various innovations are gradually being introduced into the manufacture of rax-yokes, but until the end of the century, mostly simple yokes are used.

On modern sailing ships, the bayfoot of the lower yards can be of different types.

Bayfoot with slings of chains - chain bayfoot (Fig. 303) - in terms of wiring, it almost completely repeats the simplified cable rax-yoke.

The iron bayfoot consists of a yoke attached to the mast below the chicks, which is connected to two yokes mounted on the yard using a swivel with a pin and a horn-shaped connecting bar. The rai itself hangs on a special chain - a borg, one end of which is attached in the middle of the rai on a yoke, and the other - under the saling (Fig. 304). On steel masts, only metal bay feet are used (Fig. 305).

There are five types of bayfoot Mars-Rays. The first type is a simple marsa-b< й-


Rice. 301. Rax-bougel mizzen-ryu.

Rice. 302. Rax-bougel blind-ray and bom-blind-ray.

foot - consists of two slings connected to each other, braided with shkimushgar and sheathed in leather. It can be made of steel ends or chains (Fig. 306, a).

Marsa-bayfoot of the second type consists of one row of rax-clots, impaled on a vegetable or steel cable and separated from each other in pairs by rax-mucus.


Rice. 303. Chain bayfoot.

1 <- рей; 2 - цепной бейфут; 3 <- скоба для крепления борга; 4 леер; 5 перты; 6 блоки фала рея; 7 - обухи; 8 - оодперткя.


Rice. 304. Iron bayfoot of lower yards and lower tops-yards.

1 - lower mast; 2 - topmast; 3 - mast top; 4 - spur stengn; 5 - hoses; 6 long salings; 7 - mars; 8 - puteno-shrouds; 9 - yoke putens-shrouds; ten ". bu-gel bracket; I - chicks; 12 - yuffers putens-shrouds for fastening wall-shrouds; 13ezelgoft with a hole for the mars-ray bayfoot pin; 14 - bayfoot mars-ray; 15 - yard support, replacing the borg; 16 -= bayfoot of the lower yard; 17 - bayfoot yoke on the mast; 18 - bayfoot yokes on the lower yard; 19 =. yoke about the butt for fastening the borg; 20 ^ borg.

The third TYPE With a hinged basting is a wooden attachment - a rax-clamp, mounted on the back side of the yard, with a semicircular socket for the mast in the middle. The nest is closed with a semicircular iron basting with a pin. This basting may also consist of cloths (Fig. 307, b).


Rice. 305, Bayfoot of the lower yard on a metal mast (side and top view).

Rice. 306. Bayfoot of mars-rai: a - simple bayfoot.

I - ray; 2 - mast; 3 "" bayfoot;

b - bayfoot with hinged basting.

1 - "crab-clamp"; 2 - yokes; 3 - ray; 4 - handrail for attaching the upper luff of the sail; 5 - handrail for tying the backs; b - iron basting;

c - bayfoot with a "clutch" for the upper mars-ray.

1 - ray; 2 - mast; 3 w wooden clutch; 4 p. iron clip; 5 - Bayfoot connecting strip; 6 - bayfoot yokes on the yardarm.


The fourth type - bayfoot with a clutch - is mainly used for upper topsails, if the ship has double topsails (lower and upper). The coupling consists of two halves of a cylinder made of solid wood, covering the mast and enclosed in an iron clip, which is connected through a swivel to the yokes put on the yard. The coupling can also be metal, in this case


tea it is communicated from the inside with skin, which makes it easier to slide along the mast. Bayfoot of this type replaced the previous ones (Fig. 306, c).

Bayfoot of the fifth type is a cantilever fitting. It rotates around a pin mounted on the front side of the ezelgoft. In this case, instead of a chain borg, a metal support post is used, which is installed under the bayfoot and rests on the tops (see Fig. 304).

"and which bayfoot is placed on the lower mars-rails and lower bram-rails.

On bram- and bom-bram-rails, either a simple bayfoot of two slings sheathed in leather is installed, or a bayfoot with a rax-clamp and a metal basting or a belt of cloths (see Fig. 306, b and 307).

Bayfoot gaff. To the whiskers of the heel of the hafel, which cover the mast or trisel-mast, a bayfoot is attached, formed by a number of clots without rax-slivers. This bayfoot allows the gaff to move along the mast and turn.

Bayfoot mizzen geek. In addition to the bayfoot, similar to the bayfoot of the gaff, the spur of the boom may have a metal fitting with a pin that allows it to turn (see Fig. 296 and 297).

- (Dutch boegspriet, from boeg bend, curvature, and spriet pole). A mast placed at an angle to the front of a ship. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. BOOSPRIT bowsprit, tilted over the nose and ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

A horizontal or inclined beam protruding from the prow of a sailing vessel. It serves to bring forward triangular bow sails (jibs and staysails) in order to improve the maneuverability of the vessel and partly to secure the fore mast. Naval ... ... Marine Dictionary

BUSHPRIT, bougsprit male, marine. the front mast on the ship, lying obliquely forward, behind the water cutter. Continuation of the bowsprit: jib, and the transverse tree: pancakes. The sails on the bowsprit are triangular: forestengs staysail, jib and boom jib. Dictionary… … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Bugsprit, mast, spars Dictionary of Russian synonyms. bowsprit noun, number of synonyms: 3 bowsprit (1) mast ... Synonym dictionary

- (from the English bowsprit) a horizontal or inclined beam protruding beyond the stem of a sailing ship. Serves mainly for fastening bow sails ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

And BUGSPRIT, bowsprit, husband. (from the Dutch boeg the bow of the ship and the spriet pole) (mar.). A beam protruding obliquely ahead of the bow of the ship. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

A tree extended overboard at the bow of a vessel horizontally or at some angle. The largest angle to the horizon reaches 35°. B. is either fixed or sliding, that is, one whose outboard part can be reduced by pushing it inside ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

BUT; m. [Dutch] boegsprit] Mor. A horizontal or inclined bar used to carry the bow sails forward. * * * bowsprit (from the English bowsprit), a horizontal or inclined beam protruding beyond the stem of a sailing vessel. Serves mainly… encyclopedic Dictionary

A bowsprit (eng. bowsprit, Dutch boegspriet), a horizontal or inclined beam protruding beyond the ship's stem. On sailing ships, B. serves to carry forward the bow sails (jibs), thereby increasing the total area ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

M. A horizontal or inclined beam on a sailing ship, which serves to carry forward the bow sails. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Books

  • Set "Sea of ​​Wonders. Ghost ship" (147261) , . Your attention is invited to an interactive aquarium "Ghost Ship". Contents: aquarium, mast, prow (2 pcs.), bowsprit, forward deck (tank), railings (6 pcs.), middle deck…
  • Educational audio encyclopedia. Ships. Water transport (MP3 audiobook), A. Lukin. The "Transport" series includes four discs, after listening to which, children will learn a lot about airplanes and airships, cars and bicycles, ships, subways and railways. In this episode: How...