States that belong to the countries of the Asian region. What countries are in Asia

On the territory of Asia there are several dozen countries with different political systems and living standards, with amazing and dissimilar cultures. Russia also partially refers to Which states does Foreign Asia include? The countries and capitals of this part of the world will be listed in the article.

What is called overseas Asia?

Foreign territory is called the territory of this part of the world that does not belong to Russia, that is, these are all Asian countries except Russia. In the geographical literature, foreign Asia is divided into four large regions. So, they distinguish Central, Eastern, Southern and Front (Western). - this is Russian territory, and foreign Asia, of course, does not belong to it. The countries and capitals of this are absolutely different from each other, they are unique and unrepeatable.

The table below gives an alphabetical list with the names of the capitals.

A country	Asia region	Capital	Official language
Abkhazia	Western	Sukhum	Abkhazian, Russian
Azerbaijan	Western	Baku	Azerbaijani
Armenia	Western	Yerevan	Armenian
Afghanistan	Western	Kabul	Dari, Pashto
Bangladesh	South	Dhaka	Bengal
Bahrain	Front	Manama	Arab
Brunei	South	Bandar Seri Begawan	Malay
Butane	South	Thimphu	dzongkha
Vietnam	South	Hanoi	Vietnamese
Georgia	Front	Tbilisi	Georgian
Israel	Front	Tel Aviv	Hebrew, Arabic
India	South	New Delhi	Hindi, English
Indonesia	South	Jakarta	Indonesian
Jordan	Front	Amman	Arab
Iraq	Front	Baghdad	Arabic, Kurdish
Iran	Front	Tehran	Farsi
Yemen	Front	Sana'a	Arab
Kazakhstan	Central	Astana	Kazakh, Russian
Cambodia	South	Phnom Penh	Khmer
Qatar	Front	Doha	Arab
Cyprus	Front	Nicosia	Greek, Turkish
Kyrgyzstan	Central	Bishkek	Kyrgyz, Russian
China	Eastern	Beijing	Chinese
Kuwait	Front	El Kuwait	Arab
Laos	South	Vientiane	Laotian
Lebanon	Front	Beirut	Arab
Malaysia	South	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysian
Maldives	South	Male	Maldivian
Mongolia	Eastern	Ulaanbaatar	Mongolian
Myanmar	South	Yangon	Burmese
Nepal	South	Kathmandu	Nepali
United Arab Emirates	Front	Abu Dhabi	Arab
Oman	Front	Muscat	Arab
Pakistan	South	Islamabad	urdu
Saudi Arabia	Front	Riyadh	Arab
North Korea	Eastern	Pyongyang	Korean
Singapore	South Asia	Singapore	Malay, Tamil, Chinese, English
Syria	Front	Damascus	Arab
Tajikistan	Central	Dushanbe	Tajik
Thailand	South Asia	Bangkok	Thai
Turkmenistan	Central	Ashgabat	Turkmen
Türkiye	Front	Ankara	Turkish
Uzbekistan	Central	Tashkent	Uzbek
Philippines	South Asia	Manila	Tagalog
Sri Lanka	South Asia	Colombo	Sinhalese, Tamil
South Korea	Eastern	Seoul	Korean
South Ossetia	Front	Tskhinvali	Ossetian, Russian
Japan	Eastern	Tokyo	Japanese

Developed countries of foreign Asia and their capitals

Among the most highly developed countries in the world is Singapore (capital - Singapore). This is a small island state with a high standard of living of the population, which is mainly engaged in the production of electronics for export.

Tokyo, also engaged in the creation of electronic equipment, is one of the ten most prosperous countries in the world. Almost all countries of foreign Asia and their capitals are rapidly developing. For example, Qatar, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan are among the five fastest growing (in terms of GDP growth) economies in the world.

Not everyone needs to be ahead...

Foreign Asia and their capitals: Bangladesh (capital - Dhaka), Bhutan (capital - Thimphu), Nepal (capital - Kathmandu). These and some other countries cannot boast of either a high standard of living or special achievements in industry. And yet overseas Asia (countries and capitals are listed in the table above) plays an important role in the global economy. The largest financial centers are located in the largest part of the world on the planet: Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore.

Asia is the largest part of the world in terms of area (43.4 million km², together with adjacent islands) and population (4.2 billion people or 60.5% of the total population of the Earth).

Geographical position

It is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent, in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it borders on Europe along the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, on Africa along the Suez Canal, and on America along the Bering Strait. It is washed by the waters of the Pacific, Arctic and Indian oceans, inland seas belonging to the Atlantic Ocean basin. The coastline is slightly indented, such large peninsulas are distinguished: Hindustan, Arabian, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr.

Main geographical features

3/4 of the Asian territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus (Himalayas, Pamirs, Tien Shan, Greater Caucasus, Altai, Sayans), the rest is plains (West Siberian, North Siberian, Kolyma, Great Chinese, etc.). There are a large number of active, active volcanoes on the territory of Kamchatka, the islands of East Asia and the Malaysian coast. The highest point in Asia and the world is Chomolungma in the Himalayas (8848 m), the lowest is 400 meters below sea level (Dead Sea).

Asia can be safely called a part of the world where great waters flow. The basin of the Arctic Ocean includes the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Irtysh, Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma, the Pacific Ocean - Anadyr, Amur, Huanghe, Yangtz, Mekong, the Indian Ocean - Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus, the inland basin of the Caspian, Aral Seas and lakes Balkhash - Amudarya, Syrdarya, Kura. The largest sea-lakes are the Caspian and Aral, tectonic lakes are Baikal, Issyk-Kul, Van, Rezaye, Lake Teletskoye, salty ones are Balkhash, Kukunor, Tuz.

The territory of Asia lies in almost all climatic zones, the northern regions are the Arctic zone, the southern ones are equatorial, the main part is influenced by a sharply continental climate, which is characterized by cold winters with low temperatures and hot, dry summers. Precipitation mainly falls in the summer, only in the Middle and Near East - in winter.

The distribution of natural zones is characterized by latitudinal zonality: the northern regions are tundra, then taiga, a zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe, a zone of steppes with a fertile layer of black soil, a zone of deserts and semi-deserts (Gobi, Takla-Makan, Karakum, deserts of the Arabian Peninsula), which are separated by the Himalayas from the southern tropical and subtropical zone, Southeast Asia lies in the zone of equatorial rainforests.

Asian countries

Asia hosts 48 sovereign states, 3 officially unrecognized republics (Waziristan, Nagorno-Karabakh, the Shan State), 6 dependent territories (in the Indian and Pacific Ocean) - a total of 55 countries. Some countries are partially located in Asia (Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Yemen, Egypt and Indonesia). The largest Asian states are Russia, China, India, Kazakhstan, the smallest - the Comoros, Singapore, Bahrain, Maldives.

Depending on the geographical location, cultural and regional characteristics, it is customary to divide Asia into East, West, Central, South and Southeast.

List of Asian countries

Major Asian countries:

(with detailed description)

Nature

Nature, plants and animals of Asia

The diversity of natural zones and climatic zones determines the diversity and uniqueness of both the flora and fauna of Asia, a huge number of the most diverse landscapes allows the most diverse representatives of the plant and animal kingdom to live here...

North Asia, located in the zone of the Arctic desert and tundra, is characterized by poor vegetation: mosses, lichens, dwarf birches. Further, the tundra gives way to the taiga, where huge pines, spruces, larches, firs, Siberian cedars grow. The taiga in the Amur region is followed by a zone of mixed forests (Korean cedar, white fir, Olginskaya larch, Sayan spruce, Mongolian oak, Manchurian walnut, green-bark and bearded maple), which is adjoined by broad-leaved forests (maple, linden, elm, ash, walnut) , in the south turning into steppes with fertile chernozems.

In Central Asia, the steppes, where feather grass, vostrets, tokonog, wormwood, forbs grow, are replaced by semi-deserts and deserts, the vegetation here is poor and is represented by various salt-loving and sand-loving species: wormwood, saxaul, tamarisk, dzhuzgun, ephedra. The subtropical zone in the west of the Mediterranean climatic zone is characterized by the growth of evergreen hard-leaved forests and shrubs (maquis, pistachios, olives, junipers, myrtle, cypress, oak, maple), for the Pacific coast - monsoon mixed forests (camphor laurel, myrtle, camellia, podocarpus, cunningamia, evergreen species of oak, camphor laurel, Japanese pine, cypresses, cryptomeria, arborvitae, bamboo, gardenias, magnolias, azaleas). A large number of palm trees (about 300 species), tree ferns, bamboo, and pandanus grow in the zone of equatorial forests. The vegetation of mountainous regions, in addition to the laws of latitudinal zonality, is subject to the principles of altitudinal zonality. Coniferous and mixed forests grow at the foot of the mountains, and juicy alpine meadows grow on the peaks.

The fauna of Asia is rich and varied. The territory of Western Asia has favorable conditions for the residence of antelopes, roe deer, goats, foxes, as well as a huge number of rodents, inhabitants of the lowlands - wild boars, pheasants, geese, tigers and leopards. In the northern regions, located mainly in Russia, in North-Eastern Siberia and the tundra, wolves, elks, bears, ground squirrels, arctic foxes, deer, lynxes, wolverines live. Ermine, arctic fox, squirrels, chipmunks, sable, ram, white hare live in the taiga. Ground squirrels, snakes, jerboas, birds of prey live in arid regions of Central Asia; elephants, buffaloes, wild boars, lemurs, pangolins, wolves, leopards, snakes, peacocks, flamingos live in South Asia; elk, bears, Ussuri tigers and wolves, ibis, mandarin ducks, owls, antelopes, mountain sheep, giant salamanders living on the islands, various snakes and frogs, a large number of birds.

Climatic conditions

Seasons, weather and climate of Asian countries

Features of climatic conditions in Asia are formed under the influence of such factors as the large extent of the Eurasian continent both from north to south and west to east, a large number of mountain barriers and low-lying depressions that affect the amount of solar radiation and atmospheric air circulation...

Most of Asia is located in a sharply continental climatic zone, the eastern part is under the influence of the marine atmospheric masses of the Pacific Ocean, the north is subject to the invasion of Arctic air masses, tropical and equatorial air masses predominate in the south, mountain ranges stretching from the west prevent their penetration into the interior of the mainland to the East. Precipitation is unevenly distributed: from 22,900 mm per year in the Indian town of Cherrapunji in 1861 (considered the wettest place on our planet), to 200-100 mm per year in the desert regions of Central and Central Asia.

Peoples of Asia: culture and traditions

In terms of population, Asia ranks first in the world, with 4.2 billion people, which is 60.5% of all mankind on the planet, and three times after Africa in terms of population growth. In Asian countries, the population is represented by representatives of all three races: Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid, the ethnic composition is diverse and diverse, several thousand peoples live here, speaking more than five hundred languages ​​...

Among the language groups, the most common are:

• Sino-Tibetan. Represented by the most numerous ethnic group in the world - the Han (the Chinese, the population of China is 1.4 billion people, every fifth person in the world is Chinese);
• Indo-European. Settled throughout the Indian subcontinent, these are Hindustanis, Biharis, Marathas (India), Bengalis (India and Bangladesh), Punjabis (Pakistan);
• Austronesian. Live in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines) - Javanese, Bisaya, Sunds;
• Dravidian. These are the peoples of Telugu, Kannara and Malayali (South India, Sri Lanka, some regions of Pakistan);
• Austroasiatic. The largest representatives are the Viet, Lao, Siamese (Indochina, South China):
• Altai. Turkic peoples, divided into two isolated groups: in the west - the Turks, Iranian Azerbaijanis, Afghan Uzbeks, in the east - the peoples of Western China (Uighurs). Also, the Manchus and Mongols of Northern China and Mongolia also belong to this language group;
• Semitic-Hamitic. These are the Arabs of the western part of the continent (west of Iran and south of Turkey) and the Jews (Israel).

Also, peoples like the Japanese and Koreans stand out in a separate group called isolates, the so-called populations of people who, for various reasons, including geographical location, found themselves isolated from the outside world.

Asia got its name from ancient Greek mythology. Once upon a time, Asia (Asia) was the daughter of the titan god Oceanid, who became the wife of Prometheus. The ancient Greeks borrowed the word "Asia" from the Assyrians, who called it the place where the sun rises. Therefore, the Greeks began to call the territory that lies to the east of Greece Asia.

In modern Asia, states are at different levels of development. If Bangladesh and Afghanistan are firmly stuck in the Middle Ages, then South Korea, Singapore, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan are countries with developed economies.

Geography of Asia

Asia is the largest continent on earth. Its total area is more than 43.4 million square meters. km (this is 30% of the Earth's territory). Asia is considered part of the Eurasian Peninsula.

In the west, the border of Asia runs along the Ural Mountains. In the north, Asia is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean, in the east by the Pacific Ocean (East China, Bering, Okhotsk, South China, Japan and Yellow Seas), and in the south by the waters of the Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea).

In addition, the shores of Asia are also washed by the waters of the Red and Mediterranean Seas.

Since Asia occupies a vast territory, it is clear that the climate on this continent is very diverse. In Western and Eastern Siberia, the climate is continental, in Central and Central Asia - desert and semi-desert, in Eastern, Southern, and Southeast Asia - monsoonal (monsoon season - June-October), in some regions equatorial, and in the far north - arctic.

Among the Asian rivers, one should, of course, name the Yangtze (6300 km), the Yellow River (5464 km), the Ob (5410 km), the Mekong (4500 km), the Amur (4440 km), the Lena (4400) and the Yenisei (4092 km). ).

The five largest lakes in Asia include the following: the Aral Sea, Baikal, Balkhash, Tonle Sap and Issyk-Kul.

Much of Asia is mountains. It is in Asia that the Himalayas, the Pamirs, the Hindu Kush, the Altai and the Sayan Mountains are located. The largest mountain in Asia is Everest (Chomolungma), its height is 8,848 meters.

Travelers in Asia are waiting for numerous deserts, among which, perhaps, it is necessary to highlight the Gobi, Takla-Makan, Karakum and the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. In total, there are more than 20 deserts in Asia.

Asian population

At the moment, the population of Asia already exceeds 4.3 billion people. This is about 60% of the total population of the Earth. At the same time, the annual population growth in Asia is about 2%.

Almost the entire population of Asia belongs to the Mongoloid race, which, in turn, is divided into small races - North Asian, Arctic, South Asian and Far Eastern. In Iraq, on the territory of southern Iran and northern India, the Indo-Mediterranean race predominates. In addition, there are many other races in Asia, such as Caucasian and Negroid.

Asian countries

On the territory of Asia, 55 states are fully or partially located (of which 5 are the so-called unrecognized republics). The largest Asian country is China (its territory occupies 9,596,960 sq. km), and the smallest is the Maldives (300 sq. km).

In terms of population, China (1.39 billion people) is ahead of all countries in the world. Other Asian countries have fewer inhabitants: India, 1.1 billion, Indonesia, 230 million, and Bangladesh, 134 million.

Regions of Asia

The territory of Asia is so large that politicians, journalists or scientists sometimes divide it into the Middle East, Western Asia and the Far East. However, geographically Asia is more correctly divided into 5 regions:

• East Asia (China, Japan, South and North Korea and Mongolia);
• Western Asia (Armenia, Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Jordan, Yemen, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Turkey);
• Southeast Asia (Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, East Timor, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines and Myanmar);
• South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka);
• Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan).

Asian cities are the most densely populated in the world. The largest of all cities in Asia is Bombay (India), whose population is already more than 12.2 million people. Other major cities in Asia are Seoul, Jakarta, Karachi, Manila, Delhi, Shanghai, Tokyo, Beijing and Tehran.

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After the collapse of the USSR, the former republics concluded a voluntary agreement on the Commonwealth of Independent States, abbreviated CIS, which regulated and simplified some of the relationships between the newly formed, independent countries.

It is customary to call Central Asia a number of countries in the south of the CIS, which includes such states as:

Among the countries of Central Asia, only Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have access to the sea; these states are washed by the Caspian Sea from the western part. All other powers are considered inland. No country has access to the oceans.

The Caspian Sea washes the shores of five states - Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran

The Central Asian countries are rich in natural resources: oil and gas are extracted in Turkmenistan, large deposits of brown coal are in Uzbekistan, there is natural gas, and there are also gold deposits, Kyrgyzstan is rich in ore and coal, and sulfur is mined in Turkmenistan. Since Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are located in a mountainous area, as a result, they have a large energy potential due to the presence of mountain rivers.

Central square in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek is a clean and beautiful city with pleasant architecture and, unlike many other capitals, with clean mountain air. All attractions and entertainment centers are located in the city center.

Kyrgyzstan is located between mountain ranges, ski resorts are located here, and there are also thermal springs in the Chui valley. But Lake Issyk-Kul has become a favorite resort place; since Soviet times, residents from all regions of the country have come here to relax and receive medical treatment in health resorts. The lake is very beautiful and clean, while it is so large that the opposite shore is not visible.

As for the economy of the state, it is based on industry and mining. And also developing tourism annually brings about half a billion dollars to the country. But the situation with the economy is complicated by external debt, which the power cannot pay in any way. The main economic partners for Kyrgyzstan are Russia, Kazakhstan and.

Kazakhstan

The territory of Kazakhstan is covered with deserts or semi-deserts, there are few forests here, therefore they are treated with care and the remaining forest belts are practically not cut down. This is the largest state among those without access to the World Ocean, the state occupies the 9th place in the world in terms of area and 2 among the CIS countries, second only to Russia.

Kazakhstan has common borders:

• Russia (northern and western borders).
• China (eastern border).
• Kyrgyzstan (southern border).
• Uzbekistan (southern border).
• Turkmenistan (southern border).

In Kazakhstan, the official capital is Nur-Sultan (Astana), with a population of 700 thousand inhabitants. This is the largest city in terms of area and its accomplishment amazes visitors and attracts more and more tourists every year. Enormous funds were invested in Nur-Sultan, buildings and architectural monuments, striking in their beauty and scale, were rebuilt.

The city attracts not only tourists, but also investors. This country has the most stable and impressive economy in the post-Soviet space, second only to Russia.

Nur-Sultan (Astana), the capital of Kazakhstan

But Nur-Sultan is not the only major city in Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata is recognized as the unofficial capital of the country, but, despite the smaller area, the population is 1.7 million people, which is almost 2.5 times the population of the capital. There is a metro and developed infrastructure no worse than in the main city.

Kazakhstan cooperates with the states, the Arab states, as well as with China and Eurasia.

The population of the Republic is 30 million people, with the same ratio of city dwellers and village dwellers. The area of ​​Uzbekistan is 447.4 square meters. kilometers, which is much less than that of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, but the population is higher here. The state borders with the following neighbors:

• Kyrgyzstan (eastern border).
• Kazakhstan (northeastern, northern and northwestern borders).
• Turkmenistan (southwestern and southern borders).
• Afghanistan (southern border).
• Tajikistan (southeastern border).

Tashkent is the capital and heart of the country, despite the fact that the city was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1966, it was restored. It is beautiful and attractive for tourists with its architectural delights, monuments and landscaping. The capital is recognized as the most beautiful city in Central Asia.

Its population is more than 2 million people, there is a metro and developed infrastructure. The Charvak reservoir, which is surrounded by snow-covered mountains, has become a favorite vacation spot for the townspeople.

Complex Khast-Imam – Tashkent

In 2005, a resolution was adopted against the UN country, the reason was the unnecessarily brutal suppression of unrest in the city of Andijan by the local government, during which hundreds of people died.

Tajikistan

View of the presidential palace in Dushanbe

The capital is the city of Dushanbe, about 800 thousand people live in it. It is not only the political capital of the state, but also the cultural one. The city includes the most beautiful architectural monuments, parks and unique gardens. The republic is located at the foot of the Pamir Mountains, which provided magnificent views of the mountain ranges from anywhere in the country.

Friendly states for Tajikistan are:

• Russia.
• Kazakhstan.
• China.

The country is developing, and seeks to attract investors for the growth of the economy and the prosperity of the inhabitants.