Sergievsky Posad - Zagorsk - Sergiev Posad. Ghost towns: the fate of closed cities
Sergievsky Posad - Zagorsk - Sergiev Posad
Sergiev Posad had a different name for 60 years - from 1930 to 1991 the city was called Zagorsk, in memory of the deceased secretary of the Moscow Party Committee V.M. Zagorsky. Before the revolution, the city was called Sergievsky Posad, and from 1917 to 1930 - Sergiev.
The city is popularly called the "toy capital of Russia" - in Sergiev Posad there is the only toy institute in Russia, where they develop new types of dolls, soldiers, balls and other children's joys. In addition, there is a toy museum, a toy factory and a carving factory.
In addition, Sergiev Posad is famous for its artists and woodworkers.
Sergiev Posad has been known since time immemorial not only for toys - here, near the Lavra, they baked some of the most delicious pancakes in the entire area. In a large pancake yard, where about a dozen different pancake houses were located, all kinds of cakes were baked with a wide variety of fillings.
City's legends
There are several legends associated with the appearance of toy craft in Sergiev Posad. According to one of them, Sergius of Radonezh himself, the founder of the Lavra, was the first to cut toys from wood - he carved crafts and gave them to peasant children. Another legend says that a certain deaf-mute nicknamed Tatyga was the first to make a linden tree toy - he sold his trifle to a merchant who traded in bast shoes, mittens and other household items, and he resold the toy for a profit. The merchant realized that the business could be profitable and ordered Tatyga more toys. And so the toy industry was born.
In 1380, the army of Dmitry Donskoy received a blessing for the Battle of Kulikovo in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Together with the soldiers went to battle and local monks - Peresvet and Oslyab. The beginning of the battle became legendary: the hero Peresvet met in a duel with the Mongol strongman Chelubey, and after the first clash, both warriors died.
According to another legend, somewhere in the deep underground passages under the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Tsar Ivan the Terrible hid his library. Historians do not refute this version, and legends really speak of a wide network of underground passages under the monastery.
Story
Sergiev Posad and its region is a region with a rich history. The history of Sergiev Posad has almost seven centuries of eventful life. Having begun its existence in the 40s of the XIV century in a dense reserved forest, the monastery of Sergius of Radonezh grew into a lavra, and then united settlements and settlements around itself, becoming in 1782 by the Decree of Catherine II the city of Sergievsky Posad. He began to play an important role in the political life of the Muscovite state and gained fame as the spiritual center of Rus'. The monastery of Sergius of Radonezh remembers Dmitry Donskoy, the monks of Peresvet and Oslyabya, who forever entered the history of Rus'. The walls of the Lavra remember Tsar Ivan the Terrible and Vasily the Dark. Lavra became an impregnable stronghold during the Polish-Lithuanian intervention, defending Moscow. And in the village of Deulino, near the present Sergiev Posad, a known peace was concluded. The walls of the monastery gave the last shelter to the Godunov family and sheltered young Peter from the rebellion of the archers.
V. P. Vereshchagin, Siege of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
The opening of the railway communication between Moscow and Yaroslavl (1862-1870) very soon placed the city among the largest cities in the Moscow province. In 1919, the city was named Sergiev, becoming the center of the county of the same name.
From 1930 to 1991, Sergiev Posad was called Zagorsk, in memory of the deceased secretary of the Moscow Party Committee V.M. Zagorsky, and recently regained its historical name.
Today Sergiyev Posad is one of the largest cultural centers.
Numerous guests of the city visit the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the architectural ensemble of which was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993; the State Historical and Art Museum Reserve, whose collection includes more than 120 thousand works of ancient Russian, folk and modern arts and crafts; Art and Pedagogical Toy Museum.
In 1969, the city of Zagorsk, the only city in the Moscow region, was included in the Golden Ring.
The blessed land of Radonezh creates a special atmosphere for the development of art. The names of painters and masters of applied art are heard far beyond the region, more than 100 of them are members of the Union of Artists of Russia.
Widely known are the products of folk crafts that developed on the territory of the Sergiev Posad region: Bogorodsk and Sergiev toys, Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya carving, Sergiev Posad matryoshka. The oldest art-industrial school of the Bogorodsk industry and the Abramtsevo art-industrial college named after. V.M.Vasnetsova are training applied artists, passing on the traditions of national art to young people.
Dozens of music festivals, competitions, folk art festivals are held here. The main holiday - the day of the city is annually celebrated on the day of the Holy Trinity. In 2014, the entire Sergiev Posad region is preparing to solemnly celebrate the 700th anniversary of St. Sergius of Radonezh.
Celebrities of the city
Avant-garde painter Aristarkh Lentulov.
Artist Mikhail Nesterov, who painted the famous painting "The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew".
Prose writer Mikhail Prishvin (novels "Forest Floors", "Pantry of the Sun", "Forest Master").
Philosopher, writer, publicist of the XX century Vasily Rozanov.
The famous theater and film actress Alla Tarasova.
Graphic designer and graphic designer Vladimir Favorsky.
Scientist, religious philosopher Pavel Florensky.
Not far from Moscow, almost in 70 kilometers, in an unusually picturesque place of the Central Russian Upland, a small town settled Sergiev Posad, which has gained undoubted popularity among tourists with its main attraction - Trinity-Sergius Lavra, founded in the 14th century by the Monk Sergius of Radonezh.
A small suburban Sergiev Posad with a population of just over 100 thousand people is one of the most amazing cities of the Golden Ring of Russia. In addition to the Lavra itself - the most unique historical and architectural temple complex worthy of admiration, in Sergiev Posad and its environs there are a lot of places associated with the name of the Reverend, his family and the Lavra itself: Pyatnitsky well, Gremyachiy waterfall, and many others.
Sergiev Posad (top view)
Pokrovsky Khotkov Convent
Sergiev Posad is an amazingly cozy and picturesque city that was loved Prishvin and Kuprin, many artists and philosophers. The history of the city is closely connected with the Lavra, but, nevertheless, it is quite original and interesting. Monuments of temple architecture have been preserved in the city 16th-18th centuries, civil buildings of the late Baroque era, there are wonderful ponds and amazing museums. In a word, in this city you can have a good rest and replenish your informational and aesthetic baggage.
But you should not limit yourself to visiting only Sergiev Posad itself. Very attractive to visit and its wonderful neighborhood: Gethsemane Chernihiv Skete , Museum-estate in the village Abramtsevo, Spaso-Bethana Monastery, museum estate in the village Muranovo.
Therefore, to visit Sergiev Posad, you need to plan at least 2-3 days in order to fully experience the identity of the city with its dominant Orthodox component and visit all the possible historical and cultural sites of the city itself and its amazing surroundings. Of course, you can see a lot during just 1 day in the city, but it’s better to take your time to see the sights of this quiet Russian town.
History of Sergiev Posad briefly
The emergence and development of this city is inextricably linked with the history of the Sergius Lavra, and it begins with a small monastic monastery, which was founded by 20-year-old Sergius of Radonezh in 1337 on a perfect deserted, overgrown with dense forest, mountain Makovets.
Believers flocked to St. Sergius, wishing to devote their lives to prayer, and soon a monastic town was formed, around which, in turn, handicrafts began to appear. settlements, villages, villages, and Orthodox parish churches were built in them - this is how a township settlement was formed near the Lavra.
Just two or three decades after the death of St. Sergius near the Sergius Lavra, which was a white stone Trinity Cathedral plus several wooden monastic cells, the first villages appeared. They were called Panino, Klementyevo, Kopnino and Kokuyevo. The village of Panino perished in a fire during the Polish invasion of the 17th century, retaining its name in Podpaninskaya Street for a long time.
The village of Kokuyevo was transformed over time into Kokuevskaya Sloboda, and then entered the urban territory of Sergiev Posad, also keeping the historical past in the name of Kokuevskaya Street.
But the village Klementyevo grew into a large shopping center, in terms of population exceeding at one time Pereslavl-Zalessky. It was from this village that the city of Sergiev Posad subsequently grew.
The commercial and industrial direction of the development of the village was facilitated by its favorable location. After all, all the main transport routes went through it - from Moscow to Pereslavl-Zalessky, from Arkhangelsk to Moscow, etc. In addition, the implementation of numerous construction works in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra attracted new residents to the patrimonial monastic village of Klementyevo - workers of all construction specialties.
In addition to the villages, near the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the so-called Service Sloboda- Lower and Upper. In the 16th century, stone Pyatnitsky and Vvedensky churches, which still exist, and in the Upper - Christmas wooden church.
At first, houses and churches were built mainly of wood, and the construction was carried out very chaotically, which led to numerous fires. But time passed. Temples and buildings of settlements and villages were rebuilt in stone. All sorts of crafts. In the 16th century, about 20 crafts were developed in the township settlements.
The time of the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders became tragic for the inhabitants of the settlement. from 1608 to 1610. The enemy did not penetrate into the Lavra itself, but the township farms were brutally looted and almost all were burned.
When later the settlement began to be rebuilt again, its formation was already more organized. arose settlements artisans engaged in a certain direction: Iconic, Streletskaya, Pushkarskaya, etc. Interestingly, one of the crafts was the creation of toys for children.
Production of Sergiev Posad masters
Sergiev Posad appeared on the map of Russia in 1782 when from all the settlements located around the Trinity-Sergius Lavra by decree Catherine II a settlement with a single name was established.
Since Sergiev Posad was located not far from Moscow and had certain economic ties with it, besides, a large number of believers constantly arrived at the monastery - a certain transport problem arose, which was solved by the industrialist F. Chizhov and well-known philanthropist Ivan Mamontov(Sava's father).
In 1862 railroad traffic started Moscow – Yaroslavl through Sergiev Posad. However, the pilgrims rejected the new means of transportation and continued to walk on foot. The higher clergy of the Lavra had to demonstrate by their example the safety of the railway.
In pre-revolutionary times, there were practically no industrial enterprises and, consequently, the working class in the city, although about nineteen thousand people already lived here.
During the Civil War, the main Military Engineering Directorate for the supply of the Red Army. The monastery was closed. Soviet power was firmly established in the city.
In 1919 Sergiev Posad officially received city status. However, in the 1930s it was renamed to Zagorsk. So the name of the outstanding revolutionary was immortalized, to whom a monument was erected on the main avenue of the city.
At the same time, the first industrial enterprises were created in Sergiev Posad: electromechanical And optical-mechanical factories. The matryoshka factory created at the beginning of the 20th century is now called "Zagorsk toy factory N 1", and later - "Art products and toys". This enterprise still produces nesting dolls, tumblers, etc.
Sergiev Posad nesting dolls
During the Great Patriotic War, the city became front-line, the front line was only 20-30 km from Zagorsk. Sergiev Posad was bombed, but the enemy did not enter it. After the war, the economic and cultural development of the Zagorsk region went forward at a rapid pace.
Historical justice has been restored in 1991- Sergiev Posad was returned to its original historical name. At the same time, powerful restoration work began to restore the architectural monuments of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And in connection with the increased interest in it, the tourist trail to this wonderful ancient Russian city filled with powerful spiritual potential has intensified.
Sergiev Posad has always been famous for its captivating beauty and picturesqueness. No wonder many writers and poets loved to come here so much: Dostoevsky and Gogol, Lermontov and Karamzin, L.N. Tolstoy and Kuprin etc. Loved this city so much Prishvin who lived here for over 10 years and wrote many famous works. The house where he lived has been preserved, but there is no museum of this famous writer and amazing person in the city yet.
Monument to the writer Prishvin in the park "Skitskiye Ponds"
Many prominent artists, artists and other cultural figures also visited the city.
Temples and monasteries
Trinity Sergius Lavra
The main and most attractive magnet in historical and architectural terms is the beautiful complex of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, on the territory of which several temples of different times are concentrated. Their creation is associated with the names of many Russian rulers, starting with Russian princes and ending with the emperors of all Rus'.
On Cathedral Square
Ivan groznyj And Peter the First, Anna Ioannovna and Catherine II - all had a hand in the creative work on the construction of the temple complex, which today tourists and pilgrims alike seek to visit, because the Lavra is the central operating Orthodox monastery in Russia.
Gethsemane Chernihiv Skete (St. Gethsemane Ponds, 1)
In the middle of the 19th century the Gethsemane skete is separated from the Lavra, in which individual monks retire, wishing to lead an ascetic and hermit way of life. The Gethsemane skete is created from wooden buildings on the outskirts of Sergiev Posad in Isakovskaya grove. The ravines surrounding the skete were eventually partially turned into artificial ponds, near which today a recreation area is organized - the Skete Ponds Park.
Skete of Gethsemane before the revolution
And the appearance in the Gethsemane skete of the blessed Philip contributed to the emergence of another skete settlement - Chernigov, organized from underground cave cells and temples.
Underground Church of the Archangel Michael in the Chernigov Skete
In the post-Soviet time, the Gethsemane Skete did not recover, but Chernigov, together with its cave department, survived and today is fully restored and open to the public.
actively recovering and Bogolyubskaya Kinovia(St. Novoorogodnaya, 40 A), founded by the same Philip not far from the Chernigov Skete as a necropolis for the servants of the Sergius Lavra.
Service in the restored Bogolyubskaya kinovia
Spaso-Vithansky monastery (st. Maslieva, 25)
This monastery was founded late 18th century Moscow archbishop Plato. Here it is interesting to see the unique Transfiguration Cathedral built at the end of the 18th century in the form of an oval figure and had two thrones - the upper one of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the lower one - the Resurrection of Lazarus.
Spaso-Bethana Monastery
The altar of the Lazarus throne is designed in the form of a cave at the bottom of Mount Tabor. And the top of this mountain is the altar of the upper throne - the Transfiguration of the Lord. Thus, the relationship of two New Testament events was visually illustrated - the resurrection from the tomb into the world of glory. This small church is in great contrast to the Sergius Lavra. It's sparsely populated, quiet and peaceful. And most importantly, very beautiful.
temples
In addition to the main monastic ensembles, Sergiev Posad is also rich in various parish churches, which were built on the territory of settlements and villages. Of the most ancient temples are interesting Vvedensky and Paraskeva Pyatnitsy, located on the street of the Red Army, 127. Both of these stone structures appeared here by the middle of the 16th century in the populous Podolsk region to replace the previously existing wooden Vvedenskaya with the Pyatnitschny limit, erected under St. Nikon in the 14th century.
The creation of these small but neat churches was due to the financial assistance of the boyar governor I. Khabarova, who by the end of his life was tonsured a monk.
Vvedenskaya and Pyatnitskaya churches
Two-tiered, one-domed cross-domed Vvedensky temple(Entrance into the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos) until the second half of the 17th century was the main temple of the male Podolsk monastery, after the abolition of which it remained just a parish church. Once created in the spirit of Pskov architecture, after numerous reconstructions, it embodied the features of different styles and eras.
Lightweight, elegant and comfortable Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa decorated with numerous decorations and has a bell tower. It looks very harmonious next to the more mundane Vvedenskaya, and together they form a completely finished composition. Pyatnitsky was the temple of the female Podolsky monastery before its abolition, as well as Vvedenskaya.
In the Soviet years, church premises were used for other purposes, but miraculously were not destroyed. Returned to believers in the early 90s, both churches have been restored and are again holding services. It makes sense to go to both churches to feel the spirit of ancient times, peace and tranquility.
Ilyinsky temple
On the banks of the artificial Kelar Pond there is an architectural monument dating back to the second half of the 18th century - Elias Church built in the Moscow baroque style. This temple is beautiful outside and inside. It is worth going into it to admire its painted walls, see the gilded five-tiered iconostasis, and be surprised that in the Soviet years this church was the only one operating in Sergiev Posad. Today, as an architectural monument, it is protected by the state.
There is also a wonderful Temple of the Ascension on the avenue of the Red Army, 88a also related in the second half 18 millennium, made in the baroque style.
Temple of the Ascension
From church buildings first half of the 19th century interesting Peter and Paul Church, which is also called Resurrection (st. 1 - Shock Army, 17 A). It is the only city church of the era of classicism.
Resurrection or Peter and Paul Church
It is not possible to enumerate all the holy temples of Sergiev Posad. All of them, both old and modern, decorate the city and create a Russian Orthodox atmosphere in it. But still, I want to say just a few words about one more object - about Holy Spring of Savva Storozhevsky, an associate student of St. Sergius (St. Parkhomenko).
During one of his prayers, a miraculous spring opened from the northern outskirts of the Sergius Monastery. Built here today Chapel, where you can drink water or take it with you, and Kupel with large changing rooms. swim in fertile Fonts anyone can at any time of the year, a bathing shirt is easily purchased at a nearby stall.
Source of Savva Storozhevsky
To find the Source, you need to go around the Lavra from its northern side and go left along the bridge over the stream to the sign.
Museums
Although Sergiev Posad is a very small town, there are others attractions apart from temples and monasteries.
Historical and Local Lore Museum Reserve
Sergiev Posad Historical Museum is the largest museum complex in the city, which brings together four separate museums. All of them can be visited from Wednesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 17.00. Monday and Tuesday are days off.
Main building of the Historical Museum
Main museum building (Red Army Ave., 144) replaces the art gallery of the city. In it you can see works of painting and arts and crafts, exhibitions and various thematic events are held.
In the Main Museum Building of the Historical Museum
Horse Yard Ensemble
One-story buildings were closed in rectangle, at the corners of which there were round towers with boarded roofs, crowned with wooden spiers with balls. After the revolution, various Soviet organizations were housed in these buildings, and due to the lack of proper care for the aging structures, they began to fall into disrepair.
After the restoration, the "Horse Yard" was almost completely restored, only on the spiers of the towers instead of balls they installed weathercocks with a rider on a horse. In the courtyard, tourists will be able to see the real belfry with bells, several guns on carriages, and beautiful openwork decorative lattices on the gates. Near all these exhibits, tourists like to be photographed for memory.
Walls with towers of the horse yard
Museum exhibits illustrating the history of the Lavra, Sergiev Posad and the entire region were housed in the premises themselves.
Exhibits "Horse Yard"
You can also see exhibits here. local production folk craftsmen, products from Khokhloma and Gzhel, Zhostovo and Gorodets, costumes of peasant women and peasants of various nationalities and an exhibition of Russian nesting dolls.
Exposition of the Museum of Russian nesting dolls
And you can also get on one of the passing here festivals or to hold a mass folk festival. In any case, the impressions from visiting the museum will be vivid and unforgettable.
Artistic and Pedagogical Museum of Toys. N. Bartram (Red Army Ave., 123)
This museum is interesting for the history of its creation. Opened in 1918 Moscow, he instantly becomes extremely popular, his visit in the 20s. could be compared with visiting the Tretyakov Gallery. Museum Creator N. Bartram was in the director's post permanently until his death, which happened in 1931. After the death of the main ideological inspirer and organizer of the museum, the entire collection moves to Sergiev Posad, or rather to the city of Zagorsk, and is housed in the red-brick building of the former mansion of the commercial school near the Sergius Lavra and the Kelar pond.
Toy Museum building
In the museum exposition you can see Russian folk and Soviet, Western European and Eastern dolls. In addition to them, there are also other children's toys of various times and peoples.
Exhibits of the Toy Museum
Tourists can get acquainted with the collection of this museum on any day. from 10.00 to 17.00 hours, except Mondays and Tuesdays. Every last Friday of the month the museum is closed for a sanitary day.
Museum of Folk Crafts (Red Army Ave., 110)
This one of the youngest city museums provided its space masters handicrafts, mainly to manufacturers of wooden toys. Paintings by local artists are also exhibited here.
Exhibits of the Museum of Folk Crafts
Other museums
Fans of museum visits can also get acquainted with the exposition Exhibition Hall "Bells of Rus'"(a Druzhby street, 14 a). But this museum is open by appointment. And on Valovaya street, in house number 22, you can feel the atmosphere of peasant life in Museum "Once Upon a Time".
Museum "The Bells of Russia"
When is the best time to visit Sergiev Posad
Since all the sights of Sergiev Posad are available for visiting regardless of the season, it is best to focus on the season. Or maybe even on the passing during this period Orthodox holidays. After all, to see them held in the Sergius Lavra itself is worth a lot!
Winter
If you want to see all the beauty of Russian winter nature in a quiet and peaceful place, then winter is the best time to travel to Sergiev Posad. Walking through the mesmerizing streets of a snow-sparkling town, or driving through its fabulous surroundings is a pleasure in itself. There are many wonderful ponds in the center, which at this time turn into rollers open air.
And if your arrival in this cozy town falls on festive Orthodox events, then unforgettable impressions are guaranteed. In January it is Christmas And Epiphany.
The queue for bathing in the baptismal font
Even if you are not a particularly religious person, it is very interesting to be in St. Sergius Lavra on such days and see solemn church services with your own eyes. And where to swim Epiphany night if not in the sacred fonts of the Sergiev Posad region!
Spring
If you would like to attend Shrovetide or at Easter to Sergiev Posad, then you need to check your visit with the calendar of Orthodox festivities for the year.
Maslenitsa festivities in the Park "Skitskiye Ponds"
Easter services, amazing bell ringing, tea drinking with illuminated Easter cakes - in a word, a sea of emotions and impressions.
Easter service
It is also good to come in the spring for those who want to take a break from the hustle and bustle of big cities. After all, there are not so many tourists in the spring, and you can see everything attractions in a quiet calm environment.
Summer
The peak of the tourist season! Warm and comfortable. Walking around ponds and boating. But do not forget about the holiness of the place, and about the amazing holidays that you can visit at this time of the year. On Trinity usually passes Day of the city accompanied by concerts, various fairs and other interesting events. And this day ends with volleys of festive salute.
At the Balloon Festival
Passes in the summer and the traditional amazing summer holiday - Balloon Festival. You should definitely visit this grandiose spectacle at least once in your life! Huge hot air balloons of various shapes and colors take off over the Sergius Lavra, and many people with jubilant cries and excited faces are watching this fantastic flight with bated breath! And if you wish, you can fly in a hot air balloon yourself.
Held in summer Day of Love, family and loyalty(Peter and Fevronia), Saints Peter and Paul Day, Honey And Nut Spas etc.
Autumn
Traveling in the fall to any city in central Russia is guaranteed magnificent colorful landscapes and lack of exhausting heat.
Autumn on the White Pond
In addition, the flow of tourists decreases in autumn, which again is favorable for those who love peace and quiet. Of the Orthodox holidays in the Sergius Lavra, autumn falls Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Memorial Day of St. Sergius etc.
By the way, ordinary secular holidays are also held in Sergiev Posad quite cheerfully and creatively!
Where can you go in Sergiev Posad with children
If you involve children in traveling around the cities of Russia, then this is very commendable and pedagogically true. While traveling, you have more opportunity to communicate with your children than on ordinary weekdays, and children, in addition to communicating with you, in an unobtrusive way get acquainted with history and culture of their country. But, nevertheless, a child is a child, and he will quickly get tired of viewing only historical monuments. Therefore, it is necessary to think over the route and places to visit in advance.
Of course, visiting Sergiev Larva itself with children is a must. Children do not always stand the tour, so at least some interesting information about Sergius of Radonezh, you can tell about the construction of the Lavra and its architectural objects yourself.
Paintings of the Life of Sergius of Radonezh
After the Lavra with children, it’s good to take a walk around Kelar Pond or visit the Skitskie Prudy Park, where children will find plenty of entertainment. School-age boys will be interested to see cave temples Chernihiv skete, located not far from the Skete ponds.
In the cave temple of the Chernigov monastery
Surely they will like it Local Lore Corps Historical Museum and Museum complex "Horse Yard" where very interesting children's excursions are held in a playful way. The activity can be chosen depending on the age and interests of the child.
Exposition of the Local Lore Corps of the Historical Museum
You can also go to Toy Museum or in Museum of Folk Crafts. If possible, children should be taken to the village of Abramtsevo. The fabulous atmosphere of this place, the residence of the author of "The Scarlet Flower", beautiful nature and amazing works of Russian painters - all this will definitely make a very good impression on children.
(G) 56.3 , 38.133333 56°18′00″ s. sh. 38°08′00″ in. d. / 56.3° N sh. 38.133333° E d.(G)(I)before 1930 - Sergiev
until 1991 - Zagorsk
Sergiev Posad- a city (since 1919) in the Moscow region of Russia, the administrative center of the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region, one of the centers of Russian Orthodoxy, one of the main railway stations on the Moscow-Yaroslavl line of the Moscow railway. The city is home to a monument of culture and art, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site - the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
General information about the city
Geography
Sergiev Posad is located in the center of the European part of Russia. The city is located in the north-eastern part of the Moscow region, 72 km from Moscow (74.5 km - by rail). One of the main railway stations on the Moscow - Yaroslavl line of the Moscow Railway. The city is located on the Konchura River with its tributaries. From the north, the urban settlement of Sergiev Posad borders on the urban settlements of Skoropuskovsky, Peresvet, the rural settlements of Remmash and Shemetovskoye of the Sergiev Posad municipal district; from the west - with the rural settlement of Vasilyevskoye; from the south - with the urban settlement of Khotkovo, the rural settlement of Lozovskoye, from the east - with the rural settlement of Bereznyaki.
The city line of Sergiev Posad is an irregular oval , elongated from south to north and divided into three segments by the bed of the Konchura river . The axis of the city and the main transport artery is the Red Army Avenue. The southern part of the city (Skobyanoy and Klementyevsky settlements) is crossed by the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway line. An overpass was erected at the intersection.
The main administrative, cultural and social facilities of the city are located in the central part of the city - the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the railway station, the administration of the city and the district. The workers' settlement, located in the north-eastern part of the city, was originally populated by the workers of the Zagorsk Optical and Mechanical Plant (ZOMZ), which is why it got its name. A significant part of it is occupied by the optical-mechanical plant itself.
Uglich and Severny microdistricts, located in the west and north of the city, respectively, are residential sleeping areas. In the village of Severny there is a large residential building with a thousand apartments.
Currently, the city limits are being pushed back by new, mostly residential developments.
Climate
Industry and production
Toy craft Sergiev Posad
Seminary Church (former military hospital) behind the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
Sergiev Posad is the capital of the puppet "kingdom", Russian dolls and other toys were created here.
The beginning of toy carving in Sergiev Posad dates back to the first decades of the 16th century. By the end of the last century, this city had already become the capital of Russia's toy industry. In Sergiev Posad and the settlements around it, by this time, about 5550 households were engaged in toy craft.
Toys are still being made there. In addition, the Institute of Toys, the only one in Russia, is located in Sergiev Posad, where new varieties of toys are being developed. There is also a unique Toy Museum, the exhibits of which can be used to study puppet history.
Today, Sergiev Posad craftsmen make toys from a wide variety of materials. But initially they became famous for their wood crafts. Linden, alder, aspen and birch were considered the best material for Sergius carvers. The production of the toy was preceded by a preparatory period that lasted up to two years. Only after him, figures were cut out of wood and painted with bright colors. Cheap toys were painted with glue paints, while more expensive ones were painted with watercolors, oils and enamels.
View of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra from the northwest
The most popular item was cheap wooden dolls, which received the ironic nickname "fools". The fools were flashy, in magnificent and implausible dresses, fantastic hats with flowers and feathers, "puffed up" and "arrogant." But at the same time they are fun and colorful. People willingly bought such dolls. Dolls of the "lady" were distinguished by finer workmanship, elegant coloring and, as a result, a high price. Sergiev masters had completely original toys that were in great demand on holidays and fair days. Sergiev Posad carving craft was the first in Rus', and is still famous for its souvenir toys.
Later they began to cut wooden toys in many other settlements and cities. Toymakers from different places near Moscow collaborated with each other. Bogorodtsy, for example, cut toys "in linen", that is, left them white, and sent them to Sergiev Posad for coloring. Later, the families of townsman toy makers mastered the types of toys made from other materials.
The famous Toy Museum is located in the most beautiful place in the city, on Mount Volokush, opposite the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. More than 30 thousand toys from different peoples of the world are stored within the walls of the museum.
"Gold ring". Picturesque, steeped in history. Sergiev Posad. Moscow region.The city of Sergiev Posad is located in the Moscow region, 52 km from the center of Moscow. It is the administrative center of the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region. More than 250 monuments of architecture are located on the territory of the district, more than 50 of them are functioning churches. Population - 107525 people (2009), area - 30.88 sq. km. At present, the City of Sergiev Posad is a major administrative, industrial, cultural and tourist center, the pearl of the Golden Ring.
Coat of arms of the city of Sergiev Posad
The history of the city began with the Trinity Monastery, founded by Sergius of Radonezh. Around the monastery at the end of the 14th century, the first settlements appeared. At the beginning of the 18th century, they merged into one commercial and industrial village - a settlement, named on March 22, 1782 by decree of Catherine II Sergievsky Posad in honor of its founder. In 1919, Sergievsky Posad received the status of a city. From 1930 to 1991 bore the name Zagorsk in honor of the revolutionary figure V.M. Lubotsky (Zagorsky), and since 1991 became known as Sergiev Posad.
The monument was erected in honor of the feat of the peasants of the Klementyevskaya settlement Shilov and Slota. In 1608, the troops of the Polish interventionists approached the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The attack did not come as a surprise. Tsar Vasily Shuisky sent a 500-strong army of archers here, they, along with the monks and residents of nearby villages and villages, held the defense of the monastery for sixteen months. The enemy, despite a sixfold superiority in numbers, had to leave. The enemy decided to go for a trick, to dig under the Pyatnitskaya tower. She defended the southern approaches. More than once the fire of rifles and cannons frustrated attacks from her. The cunning maneuver of the enemy was discovered by the peasants Shilov and Slot.
Administration of the city of Sergiev Posad
In the central part of the city there are the main church, administrative, cultural and social objects of the city - the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the railway station, the administration of the city and the district. The workers' settlement, located in the north-eastern part of the city, was originally populated by the workers of the Zagorsk Optical and Mechanical Plant (ZOMZ), which is why it got its name. A significant part of it is occupied by the optical-mechanical plant itself.
Bus station on the railway station square
Posadskiy Hotel
central street of the city
Hotel "Russian Yard"
Wooden architecture of Sergiev Posad
The most popular attraction of Sergiev Posad is the ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Trinity-Sergius Lavra is the largest Orthodox monastery in Russia. The monastery was built on the river Konchura. All the sights of Sergiev Posad to some extent belong to the Lavra.
Trinity Sergius Lavra
The founder of the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra, Reverend Sergius, was born in 1314 into a family of pious Rostov boyars and was named Bartholomew at baptism. In 1337, 23 years old, after the death of his parents, he, together with his brother Stefan, in search of solitude, retired to a forest tract in the vicinity of Radonezh and on a small hill overgrown with dense forest, later called Makovets, cut down a cell and a small church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity. This was the beginning of the monastery, which later became one of the most famous in Rus'.
Glorified Abode of the Life-Giving Trinity
Founded by Rev. Sergius of Radonezh in 1337. For centuries, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra has been one of the most revered all-Russian shrines, the largest center of spiritual enlightenment and culture.
The Assumption Cathedral, built by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, was built during 1559–1585. In its architecture, the five-domed Assumption Cathedral is very close to the Moscow Kremlin Cathedral of the same name, which served as a model for it, surpassing it in size. This is the largest temple of the Trinity Monastery, but it was set up in such a way that its solemn grandeur does not overwhelm other, older and smaller buildings of the monastery.
bust of Nicholas II on the territory of the Assumption Church
Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist (Church of the Baptist)
located on the eastern side of the monastery, above a wide arched opening, in which, before being transferred to the middle. 16th century
The Russian tsars favored the monastery; they regularly made pilgrimages to the holy places of the Trinity-Sergius (“Trinity Way”); Ivan the Terrible was baptized in the monastery. In 1682, during the Streltsy rebellion, the monastery served as a refuge for Princess Sofya Alekseevna, Princes Ivan and Peter. In 1689, Peter I, who fled from Moscow, took refuge in the monastery; under him, a magnificent baroque refectory with a church of St. Sergius of Radonezh appeared in the monastery.
Temple in honor of St. Zosima and Savvaty of Solovetsky
The Church of Saints Zosima and Savvaty, the Solovetsky Wonderworkers, is located in the northwestern corner of the monastery. Built in 1635-1637, this is the only church in the monastery, the construction of which was carried out simultaneously with the construction of the stone chambers surrounding it, which housed the monastery hospital.
On the right, the Metropolitan (Patriarchal) chambers of 1778
The Metropolitan (now - Patriarchal) quarters are the residence of the abbot of the monastery, the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', during his stay in the monastery. The building of the Metropolitan's quarters, adjacent to the Refectory Chamber of the Church of St. Sergius, was built simultaneously with it, in 1687-1692. The front facade of the chambers was completed in 1778 in the Baroque style.
Gate Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist (1693 - 1699)
The Holy Gates are the main entrance to the monastery. The church was erected in 1692–1699. at the expense of the famous merchant and industrialist G. D. Stroganov. The church deservedly ranks among the best buildings of the Stroganov direction of the Moscow Baroque style. Topped with an elegant five-domed and decorated with rich carved decor.
On the right is the Nikonovsky chapel of the cathedral, on the left is the Serapion's tent or the "Tent of the Three Relics"
Serapion's tent is the western vestibule of the Nikonovsky aisle of the Trinity Cathedral in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Arranged in 1559 over the coffin of Bishop Serapion of Novgorod, who was Abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery from 1495 to 1506. (died 1515)
Overhead chapel of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. (1644 - late 17th century)
The chapel is similar in shape to a miniature four-tiered church, crowned with a dome and a cross, and, like other buildings of the monastery of the late 17th century, richly decorated with carvings and covered with multicolored paintings.
It was in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery that the massacre of Sophia's supporters took place; from here, as an autocratic ruler, Peter left for Moscow. In 1738, the monastery management system changed: it became subordinate to the Spiritual Council; soon (in 1744) the Trinity-Sergius Monastery was awarded the honorary title of Lavra; the head of the Lavra was the Metropolitan of Moscow.
The architectural ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List (1993). Numerous Lavra buildings built during the 15th - 19th centuries. the best masters of Russia, represent a kind of visual aid on the history of Russian architecture.
Trinity Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery
Erected in 1422-1423 by Nikon of Radonezh "in honor and praise" of the founder of the monastery, St. Sergius of Radonezh († 1392). In the Trinity Cathedral, the holy relics of St. Sergius, the main shrine of the monastery, rest in a silver reliquary.
Trinity Cathedral, built by Serbian monks from Kosovo who took refuge in the monastery after the Battle of Kosovo.
Church of the Solenskaya Icon of the Mother of God
Peter and Paul Church
One of the famous Orthodox churches in the city is the Peter and Paul Church. It is also often called the Church of the Renewal of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, the Church of the Resurrection of the Word, or simply the Resurrection. Sergiev Posad located the Church of Peter and Paul in the historical part of the city (the former Kalichya Sloboda). The building dates from 1818.
Chernigov temple (1886 - 1889)
The Chernigov Church (1886 - 1889) serves as the compositional center of the architectural ensemble of the skete. Under it is placed a cave church, built in 1851. In 1856-1857, a spacious refectory of the cave church with a vaulted ceiling was built, so that the original church of 1851 turns into an altar. The cave church has now been completely restored.
Sergiev Posad Museum of History and Local Lore
In 1920, the Historical and Art Museum-Reserve was organized. Currently, it is located in the city center, in the bank building. Here are unique works of icon painting and artistic sewing, products made of precious metals and folk art, collections of decorative and fine arts.
Materials on archeology and the history of the monastery and the city are exhibited. Works of peasant art (carving and painting on wood, prints, metal, costumes, headdresses) are presented.
Museum of Russian Matryoshka
We are moving to the other side of the Lavra. Museum complex "Horse Yard". Once upon a time, horses belonging to the Lavra were indeed kept in this building. Now the Horse Yard houses several museums. To continue the toy theme, we will start with nesting dolls.
One could assume that the matryoshka doll has always existed in Rus'. However, this is not the case, the toy is a little over a hundred years old. According to the most common version, at the end of the nineteenth century, a funny Japanese toy appeared in the Abramtsevo estate of the Mamontovs.
Toy workshop "City of Masters"
After visiting the museums of toys and nesting dolls, you will want to take the toy from Sergiev Posad. For memory or as a souvenir. We recommend shopping at the toy workshop "City of Masters" (Red Army Avenue, 138/2). The workshop is located in the basement, across the street from the Lavra.
In addition to all kinds of nesting dolls, the workshop sells New Year's toys carved from linden and hand-painted. The seller in this institution will be happy to talk about the technology of manufacturing products. A curious visitor to the store will be able to learn no less interesting things than in a museum.
Museum "The World of the Russian Village"
It must be admitted that the main square in the Horse Yard is not occupied by the Matryoshka Museum at all, but by the ethnographic museum of rural life. Here, unlike the Suzdal Skansen, all the exhibits are compactly collected under one roof, which makes it extremely convenient for viewing in the autumn bad weather and winter cold.
In the museum you can look at a horse and a duck from a close distance, traditional ways of decorating a roof ridge. It would seem that the peasants were exhausted by the harsh infertile conditions of our climate, all the forces of the Russian peasant went to the fight for the harvest in the summer and unrestrained drunkenness in the winter. But no, the soul wanted beauty.
Here, as in Khotkovo, you can admire the artistic woodcarving. But unlike the museum of Abramtsevo-Khotkovo carving, photography is allowed here.
Russian hut interior
The museum has a fairly large collection of peasant clothing from many regions of central and northern Russia. The bright colors of festive costumes immediately remind you of the motives of a cheerful quadrille.
An interesting dress of a nursing mother from the Mezen district of the Arkhangelsk province, with slits in the chest area. One would think that the fashion for maternity clothes appeared only recently. But in the museum we see a clear refutation.
Particular attention in the exposition is given to the traditions of the Russian wedding. Wedding and wedding dresses of peasants, dowry chests and wedding utensils are exhibited here. It tells how the relationship between the bride and groom developed from matchmaking to marriage. Usually the groom, coming to visit his betrothed, gave her sweets, inexpensive jewelry, soap and red stockings.
Distaffs, by the way, were products of dual and even triple use. Women not only spun the thread, but also competed to see who had the prettiest spinning wheel. In winter, they rode spinning wheels from snowy hills.
But of course, sledding is better. Look how much love they were made. All wooden parts are painted and fastened with an iron strip. Probably, even now you can slide down the highest mountain on them without fear that something will fly off from them in the process.
Waterfall "Gremyachiy"
Gremyachiy waterfall is a unique natural monument located 14 km southeast of Sergiev Posad, near the village of Vzglyadnevo. According to legend, holy water appeared in the midst of a waterless plain at the request of Sergius of Radonezh, who struck a rock with his staff: St. Sergius with his disciple St. Roman stopped at this place on the way to Kirzhach and prayed for the deliverance of the Russian people from the foreign yoke.
As a sign that the Lord heeded the prayer of the saint, a blessed spring gushed from the mountain. From all over Russia, pilgrims and tourists flock to this source and receive healing. The height of the waterfall is 25 meters. Near the holy spring there is a chapel and a wooden church.
Museum-reserve "Abramtsevo". Manor house.
This amazing place is located 20 km from Sergiev Posad and is called the Abramtsevo estate. Coming here, you will find yourself in a completely different world. A country estate has been preserved with a large park and ponds, with a real hut on chicken legs, stone Scythian sculptures of a thousand years ago.
Abramtsevo is exactly the place where you can relax from the crazy rhythm of the big city, admire the beauty of the local nature. The history of the estate begins from the moment when the writer Sergei Aksakov acquired the Abramtsevo estate for his family. After the death of the writer, Savva Mamontov, a major industrialist and philanthropist, became the owner of the estate, who made this place the center of Russian culture. It was here that paintings were painted that became known to the whole world.
Sergiev Posad- a city of artists, wood carvers, toy makers. A huge number of tourists and pilgrims come here every day to venerate the holy relics of St. Sergius of Radonezh, who founded the Trinity Monastery in the middle of the 14th century. In the summer of 2014, Sergiyev Posad will celebrate the 700th anniversary of Sergius of Radonezh.
There are many beautiful cities in our country, but it is Sergiev Posad that is called the heart of Russia, the center of Russian Orthodoxy. A picturesque city saturated with history in the necklace of cities of the "Golden Ring of Russia". You can be convinced of this only by seeing the beauty and sights of the Sergiev Posad region.